Recombinant Mouse IL-21 Protein (N-6His)

Name: Recombinant Mouse IL-21 Protein (N-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1098NP
Availability: InStock

BL-1098NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Interleukin-21 is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Pro25-Ser146 is expressed with a 6His tag at the N-terminus.
Accession	Q9ES17
Synonym	Interleukin-21;IL-21;IL21;Il21
Gene Background	Interleukin-21(IL-21) is an approximately 14 kDa cytokine which belongs to the IL-15/IL-21 family. Mature mouse IL-21 shares 66%,59%, 58%, and 88% aa sequence identity with mature canine, human, rabbit, and rat IL-21, respectively. IL-21 is produced by activated T follicular helper cells (Tfh), Th17 cells, and NKT cells. It exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex (IL-21 specific IL-21 R). IL-21 is a cytokine that has potent regulatory effects on cells of the immune system, including natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells that can destroy virally infected or cancerous cells. This cytokine induces cell division/proliferation in its target cells. It is required for the migration of dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes .It co‑stimulates the activation, proliferation, and survival of CD8+ T cells and NKT cells and promotes Th17 cell polarization. It blocks the generation of regulatory T cells and their suppressive effects on CD4+ T cells.
Molecular Mass	16.5 KDa
Apmol Mass	16 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM Histidine-HCl, 6% Sucrose, 2% Glycine, 50mM NaCl, 0.05% Tween 80, pH 6.5.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting.It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml.Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water.Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt.Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days.Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature.Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Cytokine with immunoregulatory activity. May promote the transition between innate and adaptive immunity. Induces the production of IgG(1) and IgG(3) in B-cells. Implicated in the generation and maintenance of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and the formation of germinal-centers. Together with IL6, control the early generation of Tfh cells and are critical for an effective antibody response to acute viral infection. May play a role in proliferation and maturation of natural killer (NK) cells in synergy with IL15. May regulate proliferation of mature B- and T-cells in response to activating stimuli. In synergy with IL15 and IL18 stimulates interferon gamma production in T-cells and NK cells. During T-cell mediated immune response may inhibit dendritic cells (DC) activation and maturation.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	IL-15/IL-21 family
Database References	KEGG: mmu:60505 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000029273 UniGene: PMID: 29242561 this study shows that IL4 and IL21 cooperate to induce the high Bcl6 protein level required for germinal center formation PMID: 28875978 This finding warrants future development of IL-21 and IL-7 co-expressing whole-cell cancer vaccines and their relevant combinatorial regimens. PMID: 27571893 The studies link IL-21 to T cell ontogeny, self-reactivity, and humoral autoimmunity. PMID: 28978474 IL-21 signaling has a critical role in optimal host resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection PMID: 27819295 memory-like NK cells expansion depends on IL-21, and is involved in vaccine-induced protective immunity against a bacterial pathogen PMID: 27924822 IL-6 is identified as a master regulator of IL-21 in effector CD8(+) T cells. PMID: 27670591 Our work suggests that IL-21 regulates megakaryocyte development and platelet homeostasis. Thus, IL-21 may link immune responses to physiological or pathological platelet-dependent processes. PMID: 28057742 we identify novel distal regulatory elements in the mouse Il21 locus and demonstrate a dynamic long-range chromatin interaction between the Il21 promoter and these regulatory elements, which contributes to the regulated expression of IL-21 PMID: 27067007 this study shows that IL-21 acts as a potent inhibitor of a IL-17A-producing T-cell subset during Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus infection PMID: 27554052 this study shows that combination of mIL-21 with HIV-1 vaccines leads to distinct enhancement of NK cells and T cell immune responses associated with immune protection PMID: 27062692 The data of this study suggested that an increase in astrocyte-derived IL-21 expression in hippocampal subregions following KA-induced seizures may have potent regulatory effects on epileptogenesis. PMID: 27118610 this study reveals a context-dependent role for IL-21 in sustaining effector phenotype CD8 T cells and influencing their migratory properties, accumulation, and functions. PMID: 26826252 Dysregulated development of IL-17- and IL-21-expressing follicular helper T cells and increased germinal center formation in the absence of RORgammat. PMID: 26499265 results demonstrate that, in the setting of lupus-like CD4 T cell-driven B cell hyperactivity, IL-21 signaling on Ag-specific donor CD8 T cells is critical for CTL effector maturation whereas a lack of IL-21R downregulates CTL responses that would otherwise limit B cell hyperactivity and autoantibody production PMID: 26792801 IL-21 from microbiota-specific Th17 and/or Tfh cells contributes to robust intestinal IgA levels by enhancing IgA(+) CSR, IgA production and B-cell trafficking into the intestine. PMID: 25586558 this report demonstrates a critical role for IL-21 in the generation of a primary effector CD8 T cell response to an infectious disease model. PMID: 26597007 IL-21 drives the activation and expansion of a novel population of IL-13-producing Tc2 cells, which serve as a critical link between inflammation and fibrosis. PMID: 26519529 these findings underscore the important collaboration between IL-4 and IL-21 in shaping T-dependent B cells antibody responses. PMID: 26491200 IL-21-mediated signaling supports generation and stabilization of pathogenic Th17 cells and development of spontaneous autoimmunity. PMID: 26413871 In vivo treatment with IL-21 results in complete mantle cell lymphoma regression in syngeneic mice via natural killer - and T-cell-dependent mechanisms. PMID: 26194763 genetic deficiency results in reduced Th2 type response during allergic airway inflammation PMID: 26287681 Data indicate that interleukin 21 knockout (il-21-/-) mice showed significantly diminished T follicular helper cell (TFH) generation/accumulation compared to wild type mice. PMID: 25251568 The results indirectly provide evidence that IL-21 produced by CD4(+) T cells could promote Th1/Tc1 response, leading to systemic inflammation in emphysema. PMID: 24357415 IL-21 suppresses the development of Th2 cells and functions of polarized Th2 cells. PMID: 25351608 Inflammation and lymphopenia trigger autoimmunity by suppression of IL-2-controlled regulatory T cell and increase of IL-21-mediated effector T cell expansion. PMID: 25339665 IL-21 blockage decreases BAFF levels, modulates T-cell function in acute GVHD, attenuates GVHD by inhibiting mTORC, and modulates B-cell homeostasis. PMID: 25246268 In comparison with the DC-hgp100 or mIL-21 groups, the combinational DC-hgp100/mIL-21 vaccine drastically suppressed the myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and T-regulatory (Treg) cell populations. PMID: 24572790 Data suggest that IL-21 exerts negative regulation on IRF4 and Treg activity, developing and maintaining adipose tissue inflammation in the obesity state. PMID: 24430438 Under IL-2 deprivation conditions, IL-21 may act as the major survival factor promoting T cell immune responses. PMID: 24416451 GM-SCF, IL-21 and Rae1 expression, alone or in combination, induces a cellular immune response against H22 tumor cells. PMID: 24350772 IL-21 is highly up-regulated in the injured mouse brain after cerebral ischemia. PMID: 24616379 Opposing actions of IL-2 and IL-21 on Th9 differentiation correlate with their differential regulation of BCL6 expression. PMID: 24550509 CD86 expression has functional consequences for the magnitude of CD4 T cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. These data pinpoint CD86 upregulation as an additional mechanism by which IL-21 can elicit immunomodulatory effects. PMID: 24470500 interleukin-21 enhances rituximab activity PMID: 23825648 results indicate that besides IL-21, IL-21iso may be another regulator of gut inflammation PMID: 23557800 IL-21 signaling to B cells is essential for the development of all classical disease manifestations, but IL-21 signaling also supports the expansion of central memory, CD8(+) suppressor cells and broadly represses the cytokine activity of CD4(+) T cells. PMID: 24078696 IL-21 may also indirectly promote CD8+ T cell poly-functionality by restricting the suppressive activity of infection-induced Treg cells. PMID: 23696736 a key role for IL-21 in shaping the humoral and cellular response to T. gondii PMID: 23667536 IL-21 plays a critical role in regulating central nervous system immunity during viral encephalitis by sustaining viral persistence and preventing mortality. PMID: 23992866 REsults suggest IL-21 is not required for follicular helper t-cell differentiation and function and IL-21 must act on B cells PMID: 23960240 Notably, Th17 differentiation in the absence of NR4A2 was restored by exogenous IL-21, indicating that NR4A2 controls full maturation of Th17 cells via autocrine IL-21 signalling PMID: 23437182 required for induction of type I diabetes PMID: 23607664 These preliminary data show that IL-21 is critical for the development of optimal vaccine-induced primary but not secondary antibody responses against rabies virus infections. PMID: 23516660 Interleukin-21 is a critical cytokine for the generation of virus-specific long-lived plasma cells. PMID: 23637417 Secreted IL-21 isoform also has less signaling activity than IL-21. PMID: 23312859 IL-21 mRNA is reduced in the spleens of lyn(-/-) IL-6(-/-) and lyn(-/-) Btk(lo) mice. PMID: 23169140 Together, these results showed for the first time that IL-21 influences the biology and the effector activity of Natural killer dendritic cells. PMID: 23098768 Local suppression of IL-21 alleviated secretory disfunction and disrupted lymphocyte infiltration in submandibular glands of NOD mice and thus retarded the development of Sjorgren's-like symptoms of NOD mice. Tfh cells were also inhibited. PMID: 22643047 Results indicate a reciprocal production of IL-21 and GM-CSF in T4 cells. PMID: 23453633

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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Recombinant Mouse IL-21 Protein (N-6His)

Recombinant Mouse IL-21 Protein (N-6His)

Product Overview

Target Details

FAQs