Recombinant Mouse FGF-21 Protein (C-6His)

Name: Recombinant Mouse FGF-21 Protein (C-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-2880NP
Availability: InStock

BL-2880NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Ala29-Ser210 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus.
Accession	Q9JJN1
Synonym	Fibroblast Growth Factor 21; FGF-21; FGF21
Gene Background	Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is a growth factor that belongs to the FGF family. FGF family proteins play a central role during prenatal development and postnatal growth and regeneration of mamy tissues, by promoting cellular proliferation and differentiation. FGF21 is a potent activator of glucose uptake on adipocytes, protects animal from diet-induced obesity when overexpression in transgenic mice, and lower blood glucose and triglyceride levels when therapeutically adiministered to diabetic redents. FGF21 is produced by hepatocytes in reponse to free fatty acid stimulation of a PPARa/RXR dimeric complex. This situation occurs clinically during starvation, or following the ingestionof a highly-fat/low-carbohydrate diet.Upon FGF21 secretion, white adipose tissue is induced to release free fatty acids from triglyceride stores. Once free fatty acid reach hepatocytes, they are oxidized and reduced to acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA is recombined into 4-carbon ketone bodies, release, and transported to peripheral tissue for TCA processing and energy generation.
Molecular Mass	20.8 KDa
Apmol Mass	20-25 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM Tris-HCl, 100mM NaCl, pH 9.0.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting.It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml.Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water.Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt.Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days.Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature.Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Stimulates glucose uptake in differentiated adipocytes via the induction of glucose transporter SLC2A1/GLUT1 expression (but not SLC2A4/GLUT4 expression). Activity probably requires the presence of KLB. Regulates systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Heparin-binding growth factors family
Database References	KEGG: mmu:56636 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000033099 UniGene: PMID: 30157856 results demonstrate that fibroblast growth factor 21 reduces the increased expression of a subset of genes in the liver in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress PMID: 29962431 Lack of FGF21 enhances the susceptibility to the development of obesity-related cardiomyopathy. PMID: 29519677 The acute increase in circulating FGF21 following fructose gavage was absent in ChREBP knockout mice. Induction of ChREBP-beta and its glycolytic, fructolytic, and lipogenic gene targets were attenuated in FGF21 knockout mice fed high-fructose diets. PMID: 28123933 Data, including data from studies using knockout mice, suggest that control of whole-body energy expenditure by Gcgr agonism requires intact Fxr signaling and Fgf21 secretion in liver. (Gcgr = glucagon receptor glucagon; Fxr = farnesoid X receptor; Fgf21 = fibroblast growth factor-21) PMID: 29925501 FGF-21 has anti-inflammatory effects in Type 2 diabetes mellitus PMID: 29414665 These data suggest that Fgf21 acts as one of intrathymic cytokines in the neonatal and juvenile thymus, involving thymocyte development in a beta-Klotho-independent manner. PMID: 28336912 During pregnancy, both systemic and cardiac-produced Fgf21 act on the heart, leading to the normal physiological cardiac changes that are associated with pregnancy. PMID: 28472473 our results demonstrated that FGF21 promotes cell cycle exit and enhances myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. This study provided new evidence that FGF21 promotes myogenic differentiation, which could be useful for better understanding the roles of FGF21 in myogenesis. PMID: 29109955 We will clarify the positive and negative signaling mechanisms which control the stress-related expression of FGF21 through the ISR pathway. Moreover, we will examine the role of FGF21 as an interorgan coordinator of survival functions in metabolic and stress disorders. We conclude that FGF21 can be viewed as a cell non-autonomous enhancer of longevity in mammals. PMID: 28844867 under nutrient-limiting conditions that stimulate ATF4 activity, TRIB3 is implicated in the regulation of metabolic adaptation by restraining the transcription of Fgf21. PMID: 29378327 alcohol-induced FGF21 expression is a hepatic adaptive response to lipid dysregulation. PMID: 27498701 the adipose-derived FGF21-CCL11 axis triggers cold-induced beiging and thermogenesis by coupling sympathetic nervous system to activation of type 2 immunity in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. PMID: 28844880 These results uncover a negative feedback loop in which CREBH regulates nonesterified fatty acid flux from adipose tissue to the liver via FGF21. PMID: 27301791 Chronic high-sucrose diet does not lead to obesity in mice. Data suggest that high-sucrose diet leads to up-regulation of Fgf21 expression in liver and brown adipose tissue plus high levels of Fgf21 in plasma which eventually lead to increased energy expenditure and, thus, does not cause obesity in this species. PMID: 28886439 plasma levels of Fgf21 reflect liver fat accumulation and dysregulation of metabolic pathways in the liver. PMID: 27470139 atheroprotective effect of brown adipose transplantation is BAT-specific and independent of lipid-lowering effect, accompanied by adrenergic receptor-mediated activation of the FGF-21-adiponectin axis. PMID: 29496444 the suppression of Nrf2 attenuates adipogenesis and decreases FGF21 expression through PPARgamma in 3T3-L1 cells. PMID: 28131830 these findings elucidate the involvement of abnormal FGF21 expression in early APAP-induced liver impairment. Interestingly, FGF21 may be a promising biomarker of APAP-exposed livers. PMID: 28591702 Reduced DNA methylation is associated with enhanced induction of hepatic FGF21 expression after PPARalpha activation, which may partly explain the attenuation of diet-induced obesity in adulthood. PMID: 29434210 These results suggest that FGF21 deficiency slow gastric emptying rate and indirectly influence initial alcohol metabolism in mice exposed to acute alcohol. Our findings provide additional information for understanding the gastrointestinal mechanism of alcoholic liver disease and other alcohol use disorders. PMID: 29448103 Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels positively correlate with the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area in insulin-sensitive obese mice. PMID: 29348470 Data (including data from studies in knockout mice) suggest that dietary manipulations that induce ketosis also lead to increased HPA axis tone; FGF21 knockout mice exhibit blunted HPA response to ketogenic diet relative to wild-type mice; thus, the hepatokine FGF21 appears to play important role in response to ketogenic diet. (HPA axis = hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) PMID: 29077838 These results suggest that berberine-induced activation of AMPK may contribute to hepatic FGF21 expression via NUR77. PMID: 29247651 our results demonstrate that Sp1 positively regulates the basal transcription of FGF21 in the liver and adipose tissue and contributes to the obesity-induced FGF21 upregulation in mouse adipose tissue and hepatic FGF21 upregulation in hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID: 28466020 FGF21 deletion aggravates aortic remodeling and cell death probably via exacerbation of aortic inflammation and oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes. PMID: 27391008 This study demonstrates that FGF21 action is necessary to achieve the full metabolic benefits of exercise during chronic HF feeding. PMID: 27445299 cholestasis could induce FGF21 expression in FXR dependent manner PMID: 27003131 FGF21 appears to act in a paracrine manner to increase glucose uptake under low insulin conditions, but it does not contribute to the resistance to diet-induced obesity. PMID: 27184848 FGF21 has a role in promoting remyelination in the central nervous system PMID: 28825598 Data suggest that expression of Fgf21 in liver responds acutely to dietary protein intake; low-protein high-carbohydrate diet induces Fgf21 expression; high-protein low-carbohydrate diet reduces Fgf21 expression; Fgf21 expression/secretion in cultured hepatocytes appears to be controlled by glucose but not amino acids. PMID: 27574977 These findings reveal a previously unappreciated anti-inflammatory role for FGF21 in adipose tissue, but do not support that FGF21 is necessary for exercise-mediated anti-inflammatory effects. PMID: 28765264 OPA1 mutant mice are resistant to age- and diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance, by mechanisms that involve activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and secretion of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) from skeletal muscle, resulting in increased metabolic rates and improved whole-body insulin sensitivity. PMID: 28607005 FGF21 is not critical for bone homeostasis or actions of PPARalpha and PPARgamma. PMID: 27505721 inhibitor of mTORC1 to control hepatic insulin action and maintain glucose homeostasis PMID: 26926384 the acute and chronic effects of FGF21 can be dissociated through adipose-dependent and -independent mechanisms. PMID: 28380381 pancreatic FGF21 is a digestive enzyme secretagogue. PMID: 28089565 These findings reveal an iNKT cell-FGF21 axis that defines a new immune-mediated pathway that could be targeted for glycemic control and weight regulation. PMID: 27593966 the metabolic outcomes associated with elevated FGF21 depend on the nutritional context, differing according to whether the animal is in a state of under- or overfeeding. PMID: 27693377 These findings indicate that FGF21 is crucial for the fenofibrate-mediated improvement of whole body glucose metabolism in obese mice via the amelioration of WAT dysfunctions. PMID: 28404815 These new findings reveal that the FGF21-betaKlotho-FGFR1 signaling axis plays roles in maintaining phospholipid homeostasis and the dynamic functions of the lipid droplet, whereas protecting against ER stress, and suggest a potential link of phospholipid biosynthesis, lipid droplet dynamics, ER stress, and energy homeostasis in adipose tissue coordinated by this signaling axis. PMID: 27690692 CYP2A5 protects against the development of alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the PPARalpha-FGF21 axis contributes to the protective effects of CYP2A5 on alcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 28131861 Heme-Regulated eIF2alpha Kinase Modulates Hepatic FGF21 and Is Activated by PPARbeta/delta Deficiency. Findings suggest that HRI is a potential target for regulating hepatic FGF21 levels. PMID: 27486236 FGF21 promotes myoblast differentiation and serves as a switch of molecular transformation from anaerobic myofibers to aerobic myofibers via the FGF21-SIRT1-AMPK-PGC1alpha axis. PMID: 27966786 FGF21-PXR signaling pathway may be involved in decreased hepatic CYP3A4 metabolic activity in Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PMID: 27482056 data show that AHR contributes to hepatic energy homeostasis, partly through the regulation of FGF21 expression and signaling. PMID: 27226639 this study shows that FGF21 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect mainly via enhancing Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant capacity and suppressing NF-kappaB signaling pathway PMID: 27276443 FGF21 corrects multiple metabolic parameters on NAFLD in vitro and in vivo by inducing autophagy. PMID: 27435856 these data reveal a previously unidentified role for FGF21 on bile acid metabolism and may be relevant to understand the effects of FGF21 analogs in clinical studies. PMID: 28041926 These results suggest for the first time that FF prevents the development of diabetic nephropathy via up-regulating FGF21 and stimulating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3b/Fyn-mediated activation of the Nrf2 pathway. PMID: 26849944

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Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

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