Recombinant Human Tyrosinase (TYR) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Tyrosinase (TYR) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-04230P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Tyrosinase (TYR) Protein (His) is produced by our Yeast expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P14679
Target Symbol	TYR
Synonyms	ATN; CMM8; LB24 AB; LB24-AB; Monophenol monooxygenase; OCA1; OCA1A; OCAIA; Oculocutaneous albinism IA; SHEP3; SK29 AB; SK29-AB; Tumor rejection antigen AB; TYR; TYRO_HUMAN; tyrosinase (oculocutaneous albinism IA); Tyrosinase
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	Yeast
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	HFPRACVSSKNLMEKECCPPWSGDRSPCGQLSGRGSCQNILLSNAPLGPQFPFTGVDDRESWPSVFYNRTCQCSGNFMGFNCGNCKFGFWGPNCTERRLLVRRNIFDLSAPEKDKFFAYLTLAKHTISSDYVIPIGTYGQMKNGSTPMFNDINIYDLFVWMHYYVSMDALLGGSEIWRDIDFAHEAPAFLPWHRLFLLRWEQEIQKLTGDENFTIPYWDWRDAEKCDICTDEYMGGQHPTNPNLLSPASFFSSWQIVCSRLEEYNSHQSLCNGTPEGPLRRNPGNHDKSRTPRLPSSADVEFCLSLTQYESGSMDKAANFSFRNTLEGFASPLTGIADASQSSMHNALHIYMNGTMSQV
Expression Range	19-377aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	42.7kDa
Research Area	Metabolism
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the initial and rate limiting step in the cascade of reactions leading to melanin production from tyrosine. In addition to hydroxylating tyrosine to DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), also catalyzes the oxidation of DOPA to DOPA-quinone, and possibly the oxidation of DHI (5,6-dihydroxyindole) to indole-5,6 quinone.
Subcellular Location	Melanosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Melanosome.
Protein Families	Tyrosinase family
Database References	HGNC: 12442 OMIM: 103470 KEGG: hsa:7299 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000263321 UniGene: PMID: 29870551 The effect of histidine mutations on the structural stability of human tyrosinase leading to albinism has been reported. PMID: 28640309 Compound heterozygous mutations (c.832C>T and c.929_930insC) in the TYR gene may be responsible for partial clinical manifestations of oculocutaneous albinism PMID: 27829221 Mutations in tyrosinase gene is associated with Oculocutaneous albinism type 1. PMID: 27775880 tyrosinase as a potential GPR143 binding protein opens new avenues for investigating the mechanisms that regulate pigmentation and neurogenesis. PMID: 27720922 Aberrant tyrosinase expression in an atypical fibroxanthoma PMID: 28097678 Findings suggested that miR-330-5p represents a potential tumor-suppressive miRNA and plays an important role in cutaneous malignant melanoma progression by suppressing TYR and PDIA3 expression. PMID: 27363653 Four missense substitutions (p.Arg239Trp, p.Ser192Tyr, p.Ser44Arg and p.Arg77Gln) were identified in tyrosinase in the families with oculocutaneous albinism linkage, and another missense substitution (p.Gln272Lys) was identified in the family with OCA4 linkage PMID: 25703744 LEF-1 and MITF regulate tyrosinase gene transcription in vitro via binding to its promoter. PMID: 26580798 Data show that mutant microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) with loss of localization signals (NLS) has failed to transactivate the transcriptional activities of target gene tyrosinase (TYR), which can cause Waardenburg syndrome. PMID: 26663053 The tyrosinase gene was examined in 23 unrelated patients with autosomal recessive ocular albinism or nonsyndromic oculocutaneous albinism. TYR gene mutations were identi fi ed in 14 (app. 60%) albinism patients. PMID: 26167114 The two mutations (c.1114delG in the TYR gene and c.1426A>G in the OCA2 gene) may be responsible for partial clinical manifestations of Oculocutaneous albinism. PMID: 25919014 Molecular analysis identified two compound heterozygous TYR mutations known to cause OCAIA and cosegregate with oculocutaneous albinism. In addition, we identified a novel heterozygous PAX6 mutation confirming the atypical aniridia phenotype. PMID: 25687215 Overall, our data strongly suggest that IRF4, MC1R and TYR genes likely have pleiotropic effects, a combination of pigmentation and oncogenic functions, resulting in an increased risk of actinic keratosis. PMID: 25724930 Data indicate that tyrosinase is used as a reporter gene owing to its strong optical absorption and enzymatic amplification mechanism and melamin production. PMID: 24936769 Identification of four novel TYR mutations in a Chinese Han population with Oculocutaneous albinism 1. PMID: 25577957 11/11 individuals with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in TYR, have no discernible pigmentation in hair, skin and eyes PMID: 25455140 human tyrosinase, which can oxidize l-tyrosine but not d-tyrosine, was found to oxidize both R(-)- and S(+)-rhododendrol. PMID: 25130058 Among the 24 (58.5%) patients with OCA1, 21 different TYR mutations were identified, including three previously unidentified alleles PMID: 24721949 Two new pathogenic p.C89S and p.H180R mutations in TYR were detected in two OCA1 patients. PMID: 25216246 A meaningful met form of TYR was built by homology modeling. PMID: 24612747 miR-330-5p is a potent negative regulator of TYR, but not of MITF, in pigmented melanoma cells and normal melanocytes PMID: 24862846 Molecular analysis of common polymorphisms within the human Tyrosinase locus and genetic association with pigmentation traits. PMID: 24739399 We report a novel missense substitution in the TYR gene(p.Ile198Thr) in a Pakistani family with oculocutaneous albinism. PMID: 24934919 cAMP-PKA-CREB-activated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase expression is inhibited by the novel novel adamantyl benzylbenzamide derivative, AP736 PMID: 24107097 High-resolution array-CGH in patients with oculocutaneous albinism identifies new deletions of the TYR, OCA2, and SLC45A2 genes and a complex rearrangement of the OCA2 gene. PMID: 24118800 Treatment with an inhibitor of miR-203 downregulated the expression level of TYR in melanoma cells. PMID: 23884313 We examined the association between 12 variants of four pigmentation-related genes (TYR, OCA2, SLC45A2, MC1R) and variations in the melanin index of 456 Japanese females using a multiple regression analysis. PMID: 23165166 A G47D & 1379delTT mutation was seen in 4 members of an oculocutaneous albinism family. An unrelated patient was a compound heterozygote for the G47D & D42N mutations. PMID: 23242301 The results suggested that the miRNAs may be involved in MITF regulation of TYR, TYRP1 and TYRP2, which provides a new clue for understanding the role of miRNAs in melanocyte dysfunctional disease. PMID: 22898827 W400L is the most frequent mutation in oculocutaneous albinism type 1, which accounted for about 30.0% of Chinese mainland patients. PMID: 22097729 Analysis showed that certain mutations can affect the dynamic properties of tyrosinase and can lead to disease conditions, providing a significant insight into the molecular mechanism of oculocutaneous albinism type 1A. PMID: 23085273 DGK regulates melanogenesis via modulation of the posttranslational processing of tyrosinase, which may be related with the protein degradation machinery. PMID: 22895365 Report association between TYR genetic variants and melanoma susceptibilty in southern European patients. PMID: 22464347 By using a population-based material of high-risk melanoma cases, we demonstrate a significant effect of both MC1R red hair color (RHC) variants and an ASIP haplotype, but could not replicate an association with postulated risk SNPs of TYR and TYRP1. PMID: 22447455 The HLA-A-TYR pathways is involved in antigen presentation and risk in generalized vitiligo. PMID: 22402439 study provided new information about a novel mutation, p.I151S, in the TYR gene in a Chinese family with oculocutaneous albinism type PMID: 22088535 Melanoma cells present high levels of HLA-A2-tyrosinase in association with instability and aberrant intracellular processing of tyrosinase. PMID: 22531911 these findings emphasize the role of OTX2 in regulating the human TYR gene, with implications for inter-individual differences in melanin synthesis, retinal development, and function as well as susceptibility to retinal degeneration associated with aging. PMID: 22259223 TYR mutations identified included c.1037-7T>A/c.1037-10delTT, p.D383N, p.R77Q and p.R299H. PMID: 22294196 Three mutational alleles, R278X and R52I of the TYR gene and C229Y of the SLC45A2 gene, are added to the mutational spectra of Korean patients with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) PMID: 22042571 association of TYR p.R402Q with skin cancer risk in the French population. PMID: 21906913 TYR gene mutations have a more severe effect on pigmentation than mutations in OCA2 and the GPR143 gene. Nevertheless, mutations in these genes affect the development of visual function either directly or by interaction with other genes like MC1R. PMID: 21541274 Data show that Mc1R, HERC2, IRF4, TYR and EXOC2 are ranked highest in hair color prediction analysis. PMID: 21197618 TYR gene mutations represent a relevant cause of oculocutaneous albinism in Italy, whereas mutations in P present a lower frequency. Clinical analysis revealed that the severity of the ocular manifestations depends on the degree of retinal pigmentation. PMID: 20861488 results suggest that an OCA2 gene defect is the second most prevalent type of oculocutaneous albinism in India after TYR & the presence of homozygous mutations in affected pedigrees underscores the lack of intermixing between the affected ethnicities PMID: 20426782 in India, the frequency of OCA1 subtypes is about 61% PMID: 20861851 We have identified five different TYR mutations, including one novel mutation, which caused oculocutaneous albinism type 1 in Chinese. PMID: 20447099 observed associations between generalized vitiligo and markers implicating multiple genes, one (TYR) that may mediate cell specificity and indicate a mutually exclusive relationship between susceptibility to vitiligo and susceptibility to melanoma PMID: 20410501 T cell receptor transgenic mice are created that recognize an epitope of the melanocyte protein, tyrosinase. These animals develop vitiligo with strikingly similar characteristics to the human disease. PMID: 20083666

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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Recombinant Human Tyrosinase (TYR) Protein (His)

Recombinant Human Tyrosinase (TYR) Protein (His)

Product Overview

Target Details

FAQs