Recombinant Human Tryptophan--Trna Ligase, Cytoplasmic (WARS1) Protein (His)

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLC-00972P
Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Recombinant Human Tryptophan--Trna Ligase, Cytoplasmic (WARS1) Protein (His)

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLC-00972P
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Product Overview

Description Recombinant Human Tryptophan--Trna Ligase, Cytoplasmic (WARS1) Protein (His) is produced by our Mammalian cell expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb P23381
Target Symbol WARS1
Synonyms (Interferon-induced protein 53)(IFP53)(Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase)(TrpRS)(hWRS)
Species Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System Mammalian cell
Tag N-10His
Target Protein Sequence LVPRGSRTPNSEPASLLELFNSIATQGELVRSLKAGNASKDEIDSAVKMLVSLKMSYKAAAGEDYKADCPPGNPAPTSNHGPDATEAEEDFVDPWTVQTSSAKGIDYDKLIVRFGSSKIDKELINRIERATGQRPHHFLRRGIFFSHRDMNQVLDAYENKKPFYLYTGRGPSSEAMHVGHLIPFIFTKWLQDVFNVPLVIQMTDDEKYLWKDLTLDQAYSYAVENAKDIIACGFDINKTFIFSDLDYMGMSSGFYKNVVKIQKHVTFNQVKGIFGFTDSDCIGKISFPAIQAAPSFSNSFPQIFRDRTDIQCLIPCAIDQDPYFRMTRDVAPRIGYPKPALLHSTFFPALQGAQTKMSASDPNSSIFLTDTAKQIKTKVNKHAFSGGRDTIEEHRQFGGNCDVDVSFMYLTFFLEDDDKLEQIRKDYTSGAMLTGELKKALIEVLQPLIAEHQARRKEVTDEIVKEFMTPRKLSFDFQ
Expression Range 2-471aa
Protein Length Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight 56.7 kDa
Research Area Epigenetics And Nuclear Signaling
Form Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage 1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function Isoform 1, isoform 2 and T1-TrpRS have aminoacylation activity while T2-TrpRS lacks it. Isoform 2, T1-TrpRS and T2-TrpRS possess angiostatic activity whereas isoform 1 lacks it. T2-TrpRS inhibits fluid shear stress-activated responses of endothelial cells. Regulates ERK, Akt, and eNOS activation pathways that are associated with angiogenesis, cytoskeletal reorganization and shear stress-responsive gene expression.
Subcellular Location Cytoplasm.
Protein Families Class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family
Database References

HGNC: 12729

OMIM: 191050

KEGG: hsa:7453

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000347495

UniGene: PMID: 27748732

  • findings establish WARS as a gene whose mutations may cause distal hereditary motor neuropathy and alter canonical and non-canonical functions of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. PMID: 28369220
  • Overexpression of WARS predicts no recurrence and good survival for triple-negative breast cancer patients. PMID: 26209610
  • Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase expression is up-regulated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 24515434
  • Genes within recently identified loci associated with waist-hip ratio (WHR) exhibit fat depot-specific mRNA expression, which correlates with obesity-related traits. Adipose tissue (AT) mRNA expression of 6 genes (TBX15/WARS2, STAB1, PIGC, ZNRF3, GRB14) PMID: 23670221
  • Indoleamine2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase may play critical roles in the immune pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. PMID: 23651343
  • Naturally occurring fragments of the two proteins involved in translation, TyrRS and TrpRS, have opposing activities on angiogenesis. PMID: 21442253
  • Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase down-regulation by hypoxia may be a factor responsible for low TrpRS in pancreatic tumors with high metastatic ability. PMID: 21926542
  • Mini-tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase inhibited ischemic angiogenesis in rats. PMID: 20963594
  • Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is a multidomain protein exhibiting excellent allosteric communication, and this research has provided valuable structural as well as functional insights into the protein. PMID: 19768679
  • Low tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is associated with recurrence in colorectal cancer. PMID: 19900940
  • In this study, we show that a recombinant form of a COOH-terminal fragment of TrpRS is a potent antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in a mouse model and of naturally occurring retinal angiogenesis in the neonatal mouse PMID: 11773625
  • Thus, protein synthesis may be linked to the regulation of angiogenesis by a natural fragment of TrpRS PMID: 11773626
  • Recognition by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases of discriminator base on tRNATrp from three biological domains PMID: 11834741
  • The recently discovered antiangiogenic and cell-signaling activities of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase bioactive fragments are discussed in this review. PMID: 12416978
  • TrpRS may have a role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis PMID: 14630953
  • results suggest that mammalian and bacterial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase might use different mechanisms to recognize the substrate and modeling studies indicate that transfer RNA binds with the dimeric enzyme PMID: 14660560
  • A crystal structure of human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase was solved at 2.1 A with a tryptophanyl-adenylate bound at the active site PMID: 14671330
  • May play an important role in the intracellular regulation of protein synthesis under conditions of oxidative stress. PMID: 15628863
  • These crystals captured two conformations of the human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNATrp complex, which are nearly identical with respect to the protein and a bound tryptophan. PMID: 16724112
  • The first crystal structure of human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (hTrpRS) in complex with tRNA(Trp) and Trp which, together with biochemical data, reveals the molecular basis of a novel tRNA binding and recognition mechanism. PMID: 16798914
  • Results provide the first evidence of the involvement of heme in regulation of TrpRS aminoacylation activity. PMID: 17877375
  • the annexin II-S100A10 complex, which regulates exocytosis, forms a ternary complex with TrpRS. PMID: 17999956
  • Analysis of the molecular basis of the mechanisms of the substrate recognition and the activation reaction by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. PMID: 18180246
  • Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-expression in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) may control autoimmune responses by depleting the available tryptophan, whereas tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TTS) may counteract this effect PMID: 19363598

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    Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

    Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

    Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

    Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

    To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.

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