Recombinant Human Secretory Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R1) Protein (His&Myc)

Name: Recombinant Human Secretory Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R1) Protein (His&Myc)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-01405P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Secretory Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R1) Protein (His&Myc) is produced by our Baculovirus expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q13018
Target Symbol	PLA2R1
Synonyms	180 kDa secretory phospholipase A2 receptor C-type lectin domain family 13 member C M-type receptor
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	Baculovirus
Tag	N-10His&C-Myc
Target Protein Sequence	EEKTWHEALRSCQADNSALIDITSLAEVEFLVTLLGDENASETWIGLSSNKIPVSFEWSNDSSVIFTNWHTLEPHIFPNRSQLCVSAEQSEGHWKVKNCEERLFYICKKAGHVLSDAESGCQEGWERHGGFCYKID
Expression Range	395-530aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	19.3 kDa
Research Area	Cardiovascular
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Receptor for secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). Acts as a receptor for phospholipase sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B but not sPLA2-IIA/PLA2G2A. Also able to bind to snake PA2-like toxins. Although its precise function remains unclear, binding of sPLA2 to its receptor participates in both positive and negative regulation of sPLA2 functions as well as clearance of sPLA2. Binding of sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B induces various effects depending on the cell type, such as activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade to induce cell proliferation, the production of lipid mediators, selective release of arachidonic acid in bone marrow-derived mast cells. In neutrophils, binding of sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B can activate p38 MAPK to stimulate elastase release and cell adhesion. May be involved in responses in proinflammatory cytokine productions during endotoxic shock. Also has endocytic properties and rapidly internalizes sPLA2 ligands, which is particularly important for the clearance of extracellular sPLA2s to protect their potent enzymatic activities. The soluble secretory phospholipase A2 receptor form is circulating and acts as a negative regulator of sPLA2 functions by blocking the biological functions of sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B. In podocytes, binding of sPLA2-IB/PLA2G1B can regulate podocyte survival and glomerular homeostasis.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Soluble secretory phospholipase A2 receptor]: Secreted.; [Isoform 2]: Secreted.
Database References	HGNC: 9042 OMIM: 604939 KEGG: hsa:22925 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000283243 UniGene: PMID: 30032157 Suggest strong genetic association between nonsynonymous SNP rs35771982 (p.His300Asp) within PLA2R1 and idiopathic membranous nephropathy. PMID: 28849274 We propose a revised clinical workup flow for patients with MN that recommends assessment of kidney biopsy for PLA2R1 and THSD7A antigen expression, screening for circulating anti-podocytes antibodies, and assessment for secondary causes, especially cancer, in patients with THSD7A antibodies PMID: 29511687 Five SNPs around the PLA2R1 gene were significantly associated with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. PMID: 27934873 Several risk alleles related to the PLA2R1 gene and within the HLA loci have been identified, whereas epitope spreading of PLA2R may predict treatment response. More recently, thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) antibodies have been discovered in primary membranous nephropathy . PMID: 28904948 PLA2R may play a role in some adolescent and preteen idiopathic membranous nephropathy patients but may be less frequently associated with idiopathic membranous nephropathy during childhood PMID: 27921164 Anti-M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2R) and anti-THSD7A (thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A) were detected only in membranous neurophathy (MN) patient sera and not in controls. PMID: 27634909 The frameshift mutation detected in the current study would result in premature stops of amino acid synthesis in PLA2R1 and SRPK1 proteins and hence resembles a typical inactivating mutation. PMID: 28212809 Single-nucleotide polymorphism in PLA2R1 gene is associated with primary membranous nephropathy. PMID: 26673907 blocking the ERRalpha-controlled mitochondrial program largely inhibits the PLA2R1-induced tumor-suppressive response. Together, our data document ERRalpha and its mitochondrial program as downstream effectors of the PLA2R1-JAK2 pathway leading to oncosuppression. PMID: 27041564 Assessment of PLA2R autoimmunity is essential for patient management. Combination of PLA2R-Ab and PLA2R-Ag increases diagnosis sensitivity. PLA2R-Ab titer is a biomarker of disease severity at initial assessment, and the kinetics of the antibody are significantly correlated to disease evolution. PMID: 28257452 analysis of Japanese patients reveals that anti-PLA2R antibodies are present in idiopathic membranous nephropathy but not in secondary membranous nephropathy PMID: 27355365 Retrospective study to compare the value of serum anti-PLA2R antibody and glomerular PLA2R deposition in reflecting disease activity and renal function in Chinese patients with membranous nephropathy; serum anti-PLA2R antibody is more closely correlated with disease activity and renal function than glomerular PLA2R deposition. PMID: 28614271 PLA2R1 is increased in the airway epithelium in asthma, and serves as a regulator of airway hyperresponsiveness, airway permeability, antigen sensitization, and airway inflammation. PMID: 27448109 circulating anti-PLA2R antibodies are specific for primary membranous nephropathy. PMID: 26830547 PLA2R gene polymorphism is Associated with Increased Intima-Media Thickness of the Carotid Artery. PMID: 27025682 Report both serum and kidney levels of PLA2R1 autoantibody in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. PMID: 26369693 Pre-transplant phospholipase A2 receptor autoantibody concentration is associated with clinically significant recurrence of membranous nephropathy post-kidney transplantation. PMID: 26854647 genetic polymorphism is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis in a Chinese patients PMID: 26645973 Accordingly, PLA2R ABs assay seems to be promising tool not only to diagnose MN but also to predict the course of the disease and could open the way to personalize therapy. [review] PMID: 26576418 PLA2R1 expression in breast cancer cells is controlled by DNA methylation and histone modifications PMID: 26672991 Assessments of both serum PLA2R antibodies and PLA2R antigen in glomeruli were more sensitive for the diagnosis of PLA2R-related membranous nephropathy PMID: 25492250 Data indicate that enhanced granular expression of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) was detected in 9.1% and 52.7%, respectively, of the patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN). PMID: 26393352 Anti-PLA2R antibodies were found in Japanese patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy; however, the prevalence was lower than that of any other Asian country. PMID: 25412738 Suggest that PLA2R has a contributory role in the pathogenesis of paediatric idiopathic membranous nephropathy. PMID: 26194981 Renal biopsy PLA2R positivity was common in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) and HBV-MN but rare in lupus-associated MN, and it was closely associated with serum PLA2R-Ab production. PMID: 26087695 Case Report: PLA2R positive membranous nephropathy in kidney transplant recipient with both IgA nephropathy and HCV infection long after kidney transplant from identical twin. PMID: 26031599 The detection and measurement of PLA2R-AB in idiopathic membranous nephropathy patients may be important tool in monitoring of the disease and efficacy of the treatment. PMID: 25953939 serological anti-PLA2R testing has diagnostic value for differentiating iMN from sMN, but it must be interpreted in context with patient clinical characteristics (degree of proteinuria, immunosuppressive treatment, time of detection). PMID: 25740009 Demonstrate pretransplantation circulating anti-PLA2R antibodies in a cohort of renal transplant recipients who prospectively developed recurrent disease. PMID: 25675198 The sPLA2 IB-PLA2R interaction stimulated podocyte apoptosis through activating ERK1/2 and cPLA2alpha and through increasing the podocyte AA content PMID: 25335547 Studies indicate that phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) may act as a clearance or signaling receptor for secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2s). PMID: 25230085 An important role of PLA2R1 in controlling cancer cell death by influencing mitochondrial biology. PMID: 23994771 Data show there was strong epistasis between HLA-DQA1 single nucleotide polymorphism rs2187668 and the phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) variant rs35771982. PMID: 25187357 Study showed that CTLD1-2 as well as the FNII domain of PLA2R were responsible for binding to collagen I and collagen-dependent migration in both mouse and human PLA2R. PMID: 25724334 Data show loss of VHL, stabilization of HIF-2alpha and increased c-MYC activity, binding and transcriptional repression, through induction of PLA2R1 DNA methylation closed to PLA2R1 transcriptional start site, results in decreased PLA2R1 transcription. PMID: 24657971 15 of 154 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy had circulating autoantibodies to THSD7A but not to PLA2R1, a finding that suggests a distinct subgroup of patients with this condition. PMID: 25394321 This review compiles recent data demonstrating an unexpected tumor suppressive role of PLA2R1 and outlines the future work needed to improve our knowledge of the functions of this gene in cancer.[review] PMID: 24667060 Suggest HLA-DQA1 and PLA2R1 polymorphisms can predict idiopathic membranous nephropathy response to immunosuppressors and disease progression. PMID: 24262501 PLA2R1 plays a role in cancer as a tumor gene suppressor and is the major target antigen of auto-immune antibodies involved in idiopathic membranous nephropathy, a severe human kidney disease.[review] PMID: 24939538 We conclude that a decrease in PLA2R antibody level is associated with a decrease of proteinuria in patients with primary membranous nephropathy. PMID: 24610926 PLA2R staining sensitivity is much lower in the pediatric than the adult primary membranous glomerulopathy population, suggesting a more diverse and currently incompletely described set of etiologies for this disease in this group. PMID: 23903693 anti-PLA2R in serum of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy was confirmed as a reliable diagnostic marker. PMID: 24779214 The CC genotype and C allele at rs35771982 in PLA2R gene are associated with susceptibility to IMN in Chinese Hans. PMID: 24327152 We present the largest case series to date examining PLA2R1 involvement in membranous glomerulopathy PMID: 23196797 High levels of PLA2R antibodies are linked with active disease and a higher risk of declining renal function during follow-up in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. PMID: 23364522 the interaction between PLA2R1 and HLA-DQA1 risk alleles associates with the development of idiopathic membranous nephropathy in the Chinese population. PMID: 23813219 rare variants in the coding sequence of PLA2R1, including splice sites, are unlikely to explain the pathogenesis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. PMID: 23431073 Data show that the genotyping technique of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2187668 and rs4664308 within HLA-DQA1 and PLA2R1 is valuable for assessing susceptibility to idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). PMID: 23194743 Increased staining for PLA2R in glomeruli of renal biopsies tightly correlates with the presence of PLA2R autoantibodies in the serum and this may help discriminate between primary and secondary membranous nephropathy. PMID: 22673885

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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