Recombinant Human SAPK4 Protein (GST Tag)

Name: Recombinant Human SAPK4 Protein (GST Tag)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLPSN-4151
Availability: InStock

Collections: Other recombinant proteins, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	GST
Host Species	Human
Accession	O15264
Synonym	MAPK-13, MAPK13, p38delta, PRKM13, SAPK4
Background	The p38 family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) includes p38 alpha (SAPK2a, CSBP), p38 beta (SAPK2b), p38 delta (SAPK4), and p38 gamma (SAPK3/ERK6). p38 alpha and p38 beta are widely expressed p38 isoforms that are involved in regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, development, and response to stress. p38 delta, also known as MAPK13, is a regulator of differentiation-dependent gene expression in keratinocytes, and been as a regulator of surface epithelia differentiation and apoptosis. p38 delta protein is upregulated in Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) relative to hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) and to normal biliary tract tissues. p38 delta is important for motility and invasion of CC cells, suggesting that p38 delta may play an important role in CC metastasis. p38 delta is expressed in the epidermis, suggesting a role for p38 delta in regulating differentiation. p38 delta is the major p38 isoform driving suprabasal involucrin gene expression and that p38 delta directly regulates ERK1/2 activity via formation of a p38 delta-ERK1/2 complex. Recent emerging evidence suggests that the p38 stress MAPK pathway may function as a tumor suppressor through regulating Ras-dependent and -independent proliferation, transformation, invasion and cell death by isoform-specific mechanisms. p38 delta has important role in promoting cell proliferation and tumor development in epidermis and may have therapeutic implication for skin cancer.
Description	A DNA sequence encoding the full length of human MAPK13 (O15264) (Met 1-Leu 365) was fused with the GST tag at the N-terminus.
Source	Baculovirus-Insect Cells
Predicted N Terminal	Met
AA Sequence	Met 1-Leu 365
Molecular Weight	The recombinant human MAPK13/GST chimera consists of 589 a.a. and predicts a molecular mass of 68.4 kDa. It migrates as an approximately 60 kDa band in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.
Purity	>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Formulation	Lyophilized from sterile 20mM Tris, 500mM NaCl, 2mM GSH, 10% gly, pH 7.4.
Stability	The recombinant proteins are stable for up to 1 year from date of receipt at -70°C.
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Store the protein under sterile conditions at -20°C to -80°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK13 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors such as ELK1 and ATF2. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. MAPK13 is one of the less studied p38 MAPK isoforms. Some of the targets are downstream kinases such as MAPKAPK2, which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. Plays a role in the regulation of protein translation by phosphorylating and inactivating EEF2K. Involved in cytoskeletal remodeling through phosphorylation of MAPT and STMN1. Mediates UV irradiation induced up-regulation of the gene expression of CXCL14. Plays an important role in the regulation of epidermal keratinocyte differentiation, apoptosis and skin tumor development. Phosphorylates the transcriptional activator MYB in response to stress which leads to rapid MYB degradation via a proteasome-dependent pathway. MAPK13 also phosphorylates and down-regulates PRKD1 during regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells.
Protein Families	Protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, MAP kinase subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 6875 OMIM: 602899 KEGG: hsa:5603 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000211287 UniGene: Hs.178695
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in testes, pancreas, small intestine, lung and kidney. Abundant in macrophages, also present in neutrophils, CD4+ T-cells, and endothelial cells.

Gene Functions References

The knockdown of MAPK13 also blocked the effect of miR23a5p in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. PMID: 29344643
expression of claudin-11 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells depended on the activity of p38delta MAPK PMID: 27992079
Study proposes MAPK p38delta protein as a key factor in breast cancer. PMID: 28783172
The p38delta mitogen-activated protein kinase was identified as a novel regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in primary human macrophages, and thus, represents a potential target for modulation of atherosclerotic inflammation. PMID: 27417584
p38delta expression was significantly higher in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with paired normal controls. No significant association was found for p38delta between its expression and other clinicopathological parameters. In Eca109 cells, p38delta can promote the cell growth and motility. p38delta overexpression promotes tumorigenesis in nude mice when p38delta was stably over-expressed and p38ga... PMID: 26666822
MAPK13 gene knockdown using siRNA reduced the aldehyde dehydrogenase high cell population and abrogated the tumor-initiating ability. PMID: 26969274
p38gamma and p38delta reprogram liver metabolism by modulating neutrophil infiltration and provide a potential target for NAFLD therapy PMID: 26843485
MAPK13 undergoes a larger interlobe configurational rearrangement upon activation compared with MAPK14. PMID: 25849390
PKCdelta activates a MEKK1/MEK3/p38delta MAPK cascade to increase p53 levels and p53 drives p21(Cip1) gene expression. PMID: 24599959
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines which are p38delta-negative grew more quickly than cell lines which express endogenous p38delta. PMID: 23722928
DNA methylation alterations are widespread in melanoma; epigenetic silencing of MAPK13 contributes to melanoma progression PMID: 23590314
Data indicate that p38delta mediates oncogene-induced senescence through a p53- and p16(INK4A)-independent mechanism. PMID: 23878395
GSK3alpha, GSK3beta, and MAPK13 were found to be the most active tau kinases, phosphorylating tau at all four epitopes. PMID: 23798682
MAPK13 is responsible for IL-13-driven mucus production in human airway epithelial cells. PMID: 23187130
Isoforms of p38MAPK gamma and delta contribute to differentiation of human AML cells induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. PMID: 20804750
Taken together, the data indicate that the respective stress-dependent action of p38 isoforms is responsible for the up-regulation of the gene expression of the chemokine BRAK/CXCL14. PMID: 20478268
Function of p38delta in regulating of epidermal keratinocyte differentiation, apoptosis and skin tumor development, is discussed. PMID: 20090411
results indicate that p38delta is important for motility and invasion of CC cells, suggesting that p38delta may play an important role in CC metastasis. PMID: 19816939
Novel protein kinase C isoforms regulate human keratinocyte differentiation by activating a p38 delta mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade that targets CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha PMID: 12080077
p38 has a role in mediating induction of VEGF mRNA expression by sodium arsenite PMID: 12482858
observations suggest that p38 delta is the major p38 isoform driving suprabasal hINV gene expression and that p38 delta directly regulates ERK1/2 activity via formation of a p38 delta-ERK1/2 complex PMID: 12810719
sapk4 activation mediates apoptosis and neurodegeneration in infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis PMID: 16644870
activation of p38 isoforms by hypertonicity does not contribute to activation of TonEBP/OREBP because of opposing effects of p38alpha and p38delta. PMID: 18367666
These results suggest that, in SupT1-based cell lines, p38alpha, p38gamma and p38delta, but not p38beta, are implicated in both HIV-1 induced replication and apoptosis in infected and uninfected bystander cells. PMID: 18559936

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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