Recombinant Human SAP Protein (C-6His)

Name: Recombinant Human SAP Protein (C-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-0512NP
Availability: InStock

BL-0512NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Serum Amyloid P Component is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding His20-Val223 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus.
Accession	P02743
Synonym	Serum Amyloid P-Component; SAP; 9.5S Alpha-1-Glycoprotein; APCS; PTX2
Gene Background	Serum Amyoid P Component (SAP) is a monomeric 25 kDa secreted serum glycoprotein that belongs to the pentraxins family. The members of pentaxin superfamily be characterised by calcium dependent ligand binding and distinctive flattened β-jellyroll structure similar to that of the legume lectins. SAP is a non-fibrillar component, it can interact with DNA and histones. It regulates the solubility of amyloid fibrils and protects them from degradation by proteolytic enzymes and phagocytic cells. SAP scavenge nuclear material released from damaged circulating cells. It has been proposed that SAP may function as an opsonin for a variety of ligands including autoantigens, apoptotic cells, chromatin and micro-organisms.
Molecular Mass	24.2 KDa
Apmol Mass	30 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM PB, 150mM NaCl, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Can interact with DNA and histones and may scavenge nuclear material released from damaged circulating cells. May also function as a calcium-dependent lectin.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Pentraxin family
Database References	HGNC: 584 OMIM: 104770 KEGG: hsa:325 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000255040 UniGene: PMID: 27428539 Data suggest that SAP (serum amyloid P-component) interacts with at least 33 proteins/ligands in plasma containing physiological calcium levels; these ligands can be categorized to include apolipoproteins, complement system proteins, coagulation proteins, and components that regulate proteolysis. PMID: 28098450 Data suggest that serum haptoglobin, fetuin-A, platelet factor-4, hs-CRP (high sensitive-C-reactive protein), SAP (serum amyloid P), AGP (alpha1-acid glycoprotein) levels of adolescents with metabolic syndrome are significantly higher than those of controls subjects. PMID: 27754964 SNPs in APCS were associated with late age at onset in familial amyloid polyneuropathy. PMID: 26286643 Data suggest that serum amyloid P (SAP) activates CD209 DC-SIGN to regulate the innate immune system differently from C-reactive protein (CRP), and that DC-SIGN is a target for antifibrotics. PMID: 26106150 Here, it is reported that X-ray analysis of the SAP complex with CPHPC and cadmium ions provides higher resolution detail of the interaction than is observed with calcium ions. PMID: 25084341 Compared to wildtype C57BL/6 mice, we find that in Apcs-/- "SAP knock-out" mice, bleomycin induces a more persistent inflammatory response and increased fibrosis. PMID: 24695531 The effects of SAP and Xiapex (Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum) on fibrocytes derived from Dupuytren's disease, was evaluated. PMID: 24933153 plasma protein serum amyloid P binds to FcgammaRI on monocytes to inhibit fibrocyte differentiation, and binds to FcgammaRIIa on neutrophils to reduce neutrophil adhesion. PMID: 25024390 In the late phase post-myocardial infarct there is a coordinated decrease in immune response-inflammation proteins, except for SAP which showed an increase related to the specific activation of the classical complement pathway. PMID: 23992930 9 different proteins (haptoglobin, transthyretin, apolipoprotein A-1, serum amyloid P component, apolipoprotein E, complement factor H, fibrinogen gamma, thrombin, complement C3) were identified as a potential diagnostic pattern of Parkinson's disease. PMID: 23385359 Human SAP binds phosphoethanolamine, while rabbits seem to have low levels of SAP that bind to a lesser extent. PMID: 23600950 These results indicate that SAP functions as a host defense factor, similar to other peptidoglycan recognition proteins and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors. PMID: 23966633 SAP may act as an effective receptor mimic to limit influenza A virus infection of airway epithelial cells. PMID: 23544079 Persons who develop non-affective psychoses have lower levels of certain acute phase proteins, including SAP, at the time of birth. PMID: 23423137 [review] On the basis of structure, serum amyloid P component is a prototype of the short pentraxin family. PMID: 23527487 SAP has a new role in reducing the toxicity of early amyloidogenic aggregates in transthyretin amiloidosis. PMID: 23390551 observations suggest that serum amyloid P, at least in part, uses FcgammaRI and FcRgamma to inhibit fibrocyte differentiation PMID: 22493081 Low levels of serum amyloid P mark the brains of individuals who escape dementia despite the presence of beta amyloid plaques and tangles in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. PMID: 22205573 Studies indicate that pharmaceutical grade serum amyloid P component and C-reactive protein were isolated and purified. PMID: 22867744 The START domain in GPBP is important for this interaction. SAP and GPBP form complexes in blood and partly colocalize in amyloid plaques from Alzheimer disease patients. PMID: 22396542 Serum amyloid P level increased by approximately 5-fold in Parkinson's disease samples;a potential feasibility of plasma amyloid P as a marker to approach Parkinson's disease PMID: 21223953 Under physiological conditions, phosphoethanolamine is bound with higher affinity by human SAP than by human CRP. PMID: 21360619 TGF-beta driven lung fibrosis is macrophage dependent and blocked by Serum amyloid P. PMID: 21044893 these data suggest that local production of serum amyloid P and c-reactive protein in the alzheimer disease brain does not substantially contribute to the CSF levels. PMID: 20930309 Human SAP inhibits DNA-mediated innate immune activation in vitro and may limit innate and adaptive immune responses after DNA vaccination of transgenic mice. PMID: 21278351 serum SAP levels may be an easy detected predictor for the healing of burn wounds PMID: 20932823 Interaction between MBL and PTX3 led to communication between the lectin and classical complement pathways via recruitment of C1q, whereas SAP-enhanced complement activation occurs via a hitherto unknown mechanism PMID: 21106539 SAP has an effect on macrophages in fibrotic lung disease PMID: 20300636 Functional analysis demonstrated that SAP associated with HDL promotes SR-BI-dependent cholesterol efflux and lipid-free SAP enhances ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux PMID: 20189569 A possible role of SAP in either host resistance or viral virulence was investigated during influenza infection in vivo. Influenza virus infection is not affected by serum amyloid P component.Human SAP binds much more avidly than mouse SAP to the virus. PMID: 11984001 Targeted pharmacological depletion of serum amyloid P component for treatment of human amyloidosis. PMID: 12015594 serum amyloid P component does not circulate in complex with C4-binding protein, fibronectin or any other major protein ligand PMID: 12100475 structures of crystalline complexes of human serum amyloid P component with its carbohydrate ligand, the cyclic pyruvate acetal of galactose PMID: 12126626 Serum amyloid p component binds to late apoptotic cells and is involved in the phagocytosis of these cells by human monocyte-derived macrophages. PMID: 12528126 Serum amyloid P component binding to Shiga toxin 2 requires both a subunit and B pentamer. PMID: 14500533 Purified SAP inhibits fibrocyte differentiation at levels similar to those found in plasma, while depleting SAP reduces the ability of plasma to inhibit fibrocyte differentiation. PMID: 14607961 This protein, a non-fibrillar component, causes soluble fibrils to condense into localized fibrillar aggregates with a greatly enhanced local density of fibril entanglements. PMID: 15031287 Genetic variation in APCS is associated with amyloid polyneuropathy PMID: 15649951 Amyloid-associated SAP significantly increases fibrillar prion protein-related peptide-induced release of interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha from human microglia. PMID: 15837583 Review discusses clinical significance of different levels of SAP, its role in induction or protection from autoimmunity, and the presence of specific SAP autoantibodies in different autoimmune diseases. PMID: 16380821 the shared specificity as well as their shared capability to activate complement, suggest that IgM and the pentraxins CRP and SAP exert similar functions in the removal of apoptotic cells PMID: 16643876 Monocytes bound biotinylated serum amyloid P component with avidity in a dose-dependent and saturable manner; speculated that binding of SAP by monocytes could be of physiological relevance at extravascular sites by influencing complement regulation PMID: 16784490 Serum amyloid P (SAP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) may represent different facets of inflammation. The association of SAP with cardiovascular disease in these older adults further supports the role of innate immunity in atherosclerosis. PMID: 17138933 No reduced circulating concentrations of serum amyloid P component (SAP) in patients with systemic sclerosis, nor any evidence of an association between SAP levels and the extent or severity of fibrosis were observed. PMID: 17530641 SAP may modulate the inflammatory response to amyloid fibrils in atherosclerosis PMID: 17630380 SAP was quantitated using PVDF affinity probes and MALDI-MS. PMID: 17676666 The complex structure between human SAP and FcgammaRIIa reveals a diagonally bound receptor on each SAP pentamer with both D1 and D2 domains of the receptor contacting the ridge helices from two SAP subunits. PMID: 19011614 Our data suggest that measurement of cerebrospinal fluid SAP levels can aid in the identification of incipient Alzheimer's disease among mild cognitive impairment patients PMID: 19052452 Serum amyloid P binds to cells in the early stage of apoptosis, presumably via phosphatidylethanolamine exposed in flip-flopped membranes, suggesting a role for serum amyloid P in the clearance of these cells in vivo. PMID: 11441067

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.