Recombinant Human S100A12 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human S100A12 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1829NP
Availability: InStock

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human S100 Calcium-binding Protein A12 is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Met1-Glu92 is expressed.
Accession	P80511
Synonym	Protein S100-A12;Calcium-binding protein in amniotic fluid 1;Calgranulin-C;Extracellular newly identified RAGE-binding protein;Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 6;S100 calcium-binding protein A12;Calcitermin;S100A12;CGRP;MRP-6;EN-RAGE
Gene Background	There are at least 21 different S100 proteins and the protein is 100% soluble in ammonium sulfate at neutral pH. S100 proteins play a role in regulation of protein phosphorylation, transcription factors, the dynamics of cytoskeleton constituents, enzyme activities, cell growth and differentiation, and the inflammatory response. S100A12 is characterized by two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs, zinc- and copper-binding protein.S100A12 is a disulfide-linked homodimer and the interface between the two subunits is composed mostly of hydrophobic residues.Its proinflammatory activity involves recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. EN-RAGE acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1. It also acts as a monocyte and mast cell chemoattractant. Moreover, it can stimulate mast cell degranulation and activation which generates chemokines, histamine and cytokines inducing further leukocyte recruitment to the sites of inflammation. It can inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases; MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 by chelating Zn2+ from their active sites.
Molecular Mass	10.6 KDa
Apmol Mass	11 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	S100A12 is a calcium-, zinc- and copper-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. Its proinflammatory activity involves recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1. Acts as a monocyte and mast cell chemoattractant. Can stimulate mast cell degranulation and activation which generates chemokines, histamine and cytokines inducing further leukocyte recruitment to the sites of inflammation. Can inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases; MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 by chelating Zn(2+) from their active sites. Possesses filariacidal and filariastatic activity. Calcitermin possesses antifungal activity against C.albicans and is also active against E.coli and P.aeruginosa but not L.monocytogenes and S.aureus.
Subcellular Location	Secreted. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Upon elevation of the intracellular calcium level, translocated from the cytoplasm to the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. Upon neutrophil activation is secreted via a microtubule-mediated, alternative pathway.
Protein Families	S-100 family
Database References	HGNC: 10489 OMIM: 603112 KEGG: hsa:6283 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000357726 UniGene: PMID: 29906464 The results suggest that S100A12 does not participate in the induction of inflammation in dental pulp. However, RAGE can participate in the inflammation in the pulp of males. PMID: 28834384 S100A12 was a significant predictor of lung alveolar infiltration (OR 2.60, 95%CI 1.35-5.00, p = 0.004). These results suggest that S100A12 has the potential to assess the extent of alveolar infiltration in Pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID: 27539060 Results indicated that S100A12 could increase the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in HASMCs via activation of ERK1/2 signal pathway, which leads to injury of HASMCs. PMID: 28816402 S100A12 binds to CD36 in the low nanomolar range at the CD36 thrombospondin-1 binding site. PMID: 27734162 data on the antimicrobial activity of S100A12 have been reported. Proinflammatory role of S100A12 is supported by another newly found receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). PMID: 28110121 Report role of fecal S100A12 assay in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID: 28735301 The aim of this mini-review was to outline the pleiotropic actions of S100A12 and to highlight the potential clinical importance of this protein in kidney and cardiovascular diseases. [review] PMID: 29080693 serum levels had significant, positive correlations with intensive care unit length of stay, 28-day mortality, and in-hospital mortality after major abdominal surgery PMID: 27689623 The binding interface between S100A12 and the V domain of RAGE has been identified and mapped. PMID: 27598566 S100A12 functions as a proinflammatory cytokine and activates dermal fibroblasts, causing dermal fibrosis PMID: 27840235 These data suggest that S100A12 is part of an innate and adaptive inducible antimicrobial network that contributes to host defense against mycobacteria in infected macrophages PMID: 27355424 Among the investigated S100-proteins, S100A12 showed the closest association with disease activity and therapeutic response and might therefore provide a valuable biomarker for psoriasis PMID: 26333514 the expression of S100A12 protein and mRNA was downregulated in a large number of clinical samples of GC. Low expression of S100A12 exhibited a marked propensity toward the clinicopathologic features such as tumor size, depth of invasion, TNM stage, Lauren classification, tumor cell differentiation, and poor survival in GC patients. PMID: 26638166 Serum S100A12 was significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis patients than controls, and was correlated with disease activity. PMID: 26767827 an elevated serum level of S100A12 was an independent determinant of the progression of abdominal aortic calcification determined by lateral lumbar X-ray in Hemodialysis patients. PMID: 26914918 Our findings indicate that chitotriosidase and S10012A are useful in diagnosis and detection of subclinical inflammation and/or assessment of disease activity in FMF patients. PMID: 26339162 This is the first kinetics study of levels of RAGE main isoforms and ligands during ARDS. Elevated sRAGE, HMGB1 and S100A12, with decreased esRAGE and AGEs, were found to distinguish patients with ARDS from those without. PMID: 26274928 serum level elevated in acute liver failure PMID: 25825217 S100A12 is a biomarker of chronic heart failure that may also predict major cardiovascular events in patients with chronic heart failure. PMID: 25438075 High mRNA expression of S100A12 is associated with bladder transitional cell carcinoma. PMID: 25854354 These findings suggested that S100A12 is an effective marker for inflammatory diseases. PMID: 25650963 High serum S100A12 expression is associated with poor response to therapy in Crohn's disease. PMID: 25625487 Suggest that an elevated S100A12 level could play a crucial role in systemic inflammation and may be a promising biomarker for predicting perioperative complications in patients with thoracic aortic dissection. PMID: 24691129 These assays showed that S100A12 is induced in response to Helicobacter pylori infection and inhibits bacterial growth and viability in vitro by binding nutrient zinc. PMID: 25964473 S100A12 might participate in the damage of biliary epithelial cells and hepatocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID: 25313445 Using a computational approach, the study investigated the modulation of protein structure by different ions in the solution, at different ionic strengths. PMID: 24944024 Data indicate that resistin, S100A12 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) are involved in the pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease (KD). PMID: 23171632 The S100A12 protein was significantly associated with synovitis score in rheumatoid arthritis patients. PMID: 25282581 highlight EN-RAGE as an inflammatory marker for future coronary heart disease (CHD) in a general population, beyond traditional CHD risk factors and inflammatory markers PMID: 25341801 S100A12 is associated with duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, pulmonary inflammation, hypoxia and prolonged mechanical ventilation and may contribute to acute lung injury in cardiac surgery patients. PMID: 24887223 The antimicrobial peptide calcitermin was isolated from human airway secretions and targets Gram-negative bacteria. PMID: 11522286 Serum S100A12 concentrations are correlated with angiographic coronary lesion complexity in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID: 24341566 Correlation of human S100A12 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as gingival crevicular fluid and serum markers of inflammation in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. PMID: 24378957 Excessive expression of the S100A12 gene in uremic leukocytes is relevant to its increased serum concentration, particularly in those affected with cardiovascular disease. PMID: 23921255 S100A12 and hBD2 correlate with the fecal microbiota thus linking the intestinal innate immune response to the bacterial colonization. PMID: 24307989 EN-RAGE inflammatory ligand has an increased expression in Takayasu's arteritis patients. PMID: 23398829 High S100A12 levels are associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PMID: 23609464 High S100A12 expression is associated with intestinal inflammation and relapse in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID: 23377171 The results indicate that plasma S100A12 level is an independent predictor for two-year all-cause mortality. A simple integer scoring system was therefore established for predicting mortality on the basis of plasma S100A12 levels. PMID: 23324110 S100A12 could be a novel biomarker for predicting cardiovascular events for predicting MACE in patients with stable CAD. PMID: 22786469 Fecal S100A12 levels were significantly higher in patients with severe necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) at onset of disease and also, in contrast to fecal calprotectin, at 4-10 days before onset of NEC compared with unaffected reference infants. PMID: 22796048 Significant relationship was found between MMP9 and HMGB1 and EN-RAGE in diabetic patients. PMID: 22549347 Data indicate that S100A12 is up-regulated in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Dissection (TAAD) and may contribute to the pathogenesis of TAAD by initiating apoptosis of SMC, at least in part via increased oxidative stress. PMID: 22818064 these data indicate the possible involvement of S100A12 in the development of osteoarthritis by up-regulating MMP-13 and VEGF via p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways. PMID: 22609404 Although S100A12 levels are not elevated in patients with decreased kidney function, a relation to markers of inflammatory disease is found. PMID: 21822023 Levels of serum RAGE are reduced in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and correlate negatively with disease activity and S100A12 levels. PMID: 21724696 Suggest that elevated plasma EN-RAGE and decreased sRAGE level could play a crucial role in systemic inflammation and carotid atherosclerosis in peritoneal dialysis patients. PMID: 21906738 Transgenic expression of S100A12 in the lung of mice does not exacerbate lung inflammation in a model of OVA-induced allergic inflammation. PMID: 21418345 plasma S100A12 protein level is strongly associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. PMID: 21258041

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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