Recombinant Human PTGDS Protein (C-6His)

Name: Recombinant Human PTGDS Protein (C-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1417NP
Availability: InStock

BL-1417NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Prostaglandin-D2 Synthase is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Ala23-Gln190 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus.
Accession	P41222
Synonym	Prostaglandin-H2 D-Isomerase; Beta-Trace Protein; Cerebrin-28; Glutathione-Independent PGD Synthase; Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin-D Synthase; Prostaglandin-D2 Synthase; PGD2 Synthase;PGDS; PGDS2; PTGDS; PDS
Gene Background	Prostaglandin-H2 D-Isomerase (PTGDS) belongs to the Lipocalin family of calycin superfamily. PTGDS is preferentially expressed in the brain. PTGDS catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. PTGDS is involved in a variety of CNS functions, such as sedation, REM sleep and PGE2-induced allodynia, and may have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. PTGDS binds small non-substrate lipophilic molecules and may act as a scavenger for harmful hydrophopic molecules and a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. It possibly participates in development and maintenance of the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-aqueous humor, blood-testis barrier, the central nervous system and male reproductive system.
Molecular Mass	19.7 KDa
Apmol Mass	20-27 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM Tris-HCl, 150mM NaCl, 10% Glycerol, pH 7.5.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution
Storage	Store at ≤-70°C, stable for 6 months after receipt. Store at ≤-70°C, stable for 3 months under sterile conditions after opening. Please minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Shipping	The product is shipped on dry ice/polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Involved in a variety of CNS functions, such as sedation, NREM sleep and PGE2-induced allodynia, and may have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. Binds small non-substrate lipophilic molecules, including biliverdin, bilirubin, retinal, retinoic acid and thyroid hormone, and may act as a scavenger for harmful hydrophobic molecules and as a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. Possibly involved in development and maintenance of the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-aqueous humor and blood-testis barrier. It is likely to play important roles in both maturation and maintenance of the central nervous system and male reproductive system. Involved in PLA2G3-dependent maturation of mast cells. PLA2G3 is secreted by immature mast cells and acts on nearby fibroblasts upstream to PTDGS to synthesize PGD2, which in turn promotes mast cell maturation and degranulation via PTGDR.
Subcellular Location	Rough endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleus membrane. Golgi apparatus. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Secreted. Note=Detected on rough endoplasmic reticulum of arachnoid and menigioma cells. Localized to the nuclear envelope, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles and spherical cytoplasmic structures in arachnoid trabecular cells, and to circular cytoplasmic structures in meningeal macrophages and perivascular microglial cells. In oligodendrocytes, localized to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. In retinal pigment epithelial cells, localized to distinct cytoplasmic domains including the perinuclear region. Also secreted.
Protein Families	Calycin superfamily, Lipocalin family
Database References	HGNC: 9592 OMIM: 176803 KEGG: hsa:5730 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000360687 UniGene: PMID: 29621631 Measurement of serum BTP can be a reliable tool for detecting kidney function in neonates. PMID: 29421771 Thus, our results suggest decreased NK cell-mediated eosinophil regulation, possibly through an increased level of PGD2, as a previously unrecognized link between PG dysregulation and eosinophilic inflammation in CRS. PMID: 27271931 These observations suggest that tumor cell-derived inflammatory cytokines increase L-PGDS expression and subsequent PGD2 production in the tumor endothelial cells (ECs). This PGD2 acts as a negative regulator of the tumorigenic changes in tumor ECs. PMID: 29124765 The cut off value for betaTP in the diagnosis and follow-up of cerebrospinal fluid leaks should be modified depending on the type of secretion (sample type), for a better diagnostic accuracy PMID: 27614217 Serum levels of beta trace protein and beta 2 microglobulin can be used to predict residual kidney function in hemodialysis patients. PMID: 26924065 BTP and B2M levels are less affected than serum by amputation, and should be considered for future study of GFR estimation PMID: 26800100 Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase defines a proeosinophilic pathogenic effector human T(H)2 cell subpopulation with enhanced function PMID: 26431580 levels of L-PGDS in cervicovaginal secretions of pregnant women at different stages of parturition correlate with preterm birth. PMID: 25964109 Given that uPGDS levels fall after treatment of LN, uPGDS may be used to monitor the efficacy of therapy. It can also differentiate patients with active nephritis and active non renal lupus. PMID: 26211517 PTGDS mRNA expression was down-regulated in rapid-cycling bipolar disorder patients in a euthymic, depressive, and manic/hypomanic state compared with healthy control subjects. PMID: 25522430 Expression of MR and prostaglandin D2 synthase is strongly correlated in adipose tissues from obese patients. PMID: 25966493 involved in pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia [review] PMID: 24521203 These data indicate that scalp is spatially programmed via mast cell prostaglandin D-synthase distribution in a manner reminiscent of the pattern seen in androgenetic alopecia. PMID: 24438498 These results suggest that L-PGDS acted as a scavenger of biliverdin, which is a molecule not found in normal CSF. PMID: 25005874 Among NSTE-ACS patients, BTP and CysC were superior to conventional renal parameters for predicting MB, and improved clinical stratification for hemorrhagic risk. PMID: 23698027 Structural and dynamic insights into substrate binding and catalysis of human lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase. PMID: 23526831 betaTP, beta2M, CysC, and creatinine differ in their associations with demographic and clinical factors, suggesting variation in their non-glomerular filtration rate determinants. PMID: 23335043 All-cause and cardiovascular mortality are strongly associated with beta-trace protein marker levels and beta-microglobulin in a representative sample of US adults. PMID: 23518194 The results we obtained from mice led to our investigation of PTGDS in 29 human cryptorchid patients but we failed to find any mutation that supported an involvement of this gene in human testicular descent. PMID: 23076868 no overall evidence of an association between wireless phone use and serum concentrations of beta-trace protein PMID: 22989106 Elevated plasma level of beta-trace protein associated with all cause of death in patients with acute coronary syndrome. PMID: 22818840 The serum level of beta-trace protein is an independent predictor of death and cardiovascular disease mortality in incident hemodialysis patients. PMID: 22745274 Low PTGDS expression is associated with testis cancer. PMID: 22960220 L-PGDS expression may contribute to the restricted proliferation of epidermal melanocytes, but conversely its overexpression may reflect the dysregulated proliferation of melanoma cells. PMID: 22299829 The gene coding for PTGDS was found to be more expressed in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)relative to patients with bipolar disorder indicating a possible link with the differential etiology of ADHD. PMID: 22370065 Data suggest that L-PGDS binds small lipophilic ligands with both high-affinity and low-affinity interactions; molecular models are proposed from studies that include binding of hemin, biliverdin, and bilirubin. PMID: 22677050 Ascites and pleural effusion contain high concentrations of beta-TP that exceed the levels in corresponding plasma PMID: 21501068 Urinary PGDS, not ZA2G, may serve as a biomarker for active LN and upon validation in larger studies, may become the non-invasive test to evaluate the disease activity in future management of LN. PMID: 22498882 NM 000954 NM 000954 PMID: 22342541 these results demonstrate that L-PGDS protected against neuronal cell death by scavenging reactive oxygen species without losing its ligand-binding function PMID: 22248185 Beta-trace protein can be used as an alternative diagnostic tool to detect moderate or severe glomerular filtrate rate reduction in patients after liver transplantation. PMID: 21745310 two genes involved in cardiovascular diseases, ADORA1 and PTGDS, were differentially up-regulated in epicardial adipose tissue compared to mediastinal and subcutaneous adipose tissue PMID: 21603615 Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase is associated with coronary vasospasm and vasomotor reactivity in response to acetylcholine PMID: 21325722 Proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid identifies prostaglandin D2 synthase as a putative biomarker for pediatric medulloblastoma. PMID: 21271676 RBP-4, lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS do not regulate insulin sensitivity in healthy men. Rather their expression seemed to reflect inflammatory activity and were inversely correlated with alcohol intake and serum HDL levels. PMID: 21104585 Report the presence of L-PGDS in the COX-2-expressing cells in the mucosa of active ulcerative colitis patients in parallel with disease activity. PMID: 21163901 It may be feasible to test for perilymphatic fluid fistula using PTGDS in samples from the tympanic cavity. PMID: 21192373 Met64 seems to function as a kinetic clamp, pushing the thiol group of Cys65 close to the site of nucleophilic attack during catalysis. PMID: 20667974 Using RT-PCR we demonstrated that L-PGDS gene expression decreased proportionately with tumor progression in lung cancer. PMID: 20144489 L-PGDS may fine-tune the retinoic acid signalling in melanocytes. PMID: 20403807 This study included 62 persons aged 18-30 years and cell phone exposure. EMF emissions may down-regulate the synthesis of beta-trace protein. PMID: 20596612 protein levels in nasal fluids can serve for diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid leak PMID: 19958607 This beta-trace protein based formula was found to estimate GFR with reasonable precision PMID: 19949816 The expression of H-PGDS in human dendritic cells (DCs) and the regulatory mechanisms by which DCs produce prostaglandin D2, is demonstrated. PMID: 20008150 As the CSF is in contact with axons and mitochondria of the optic nerve, we postulate that a change in the concentration of CSF protein such as L-PGDS could exercise a harmful effect on these structures. PMID: 19598000 Pronounced eosinophilia and Th2 cytokine release in human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase transgenic mice PMID: 11751991 Study performed in patients with kidney function ranging from normal to advanced renal failure suggests that serum beta-trace protein is an indicator of impaired glomerular filtration rate. PMID: 12900000 The circadian lipocalin-type PGDS pattern and its suppression by total sleep deprivation indicate an interaction of the prostaglandin D system and human sleep regulation. PMID: 15453544 Shear stress induces l-PGDS expression by transcriptional activation through the AP-1 binding site. PMID: 15718494

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