Recombinant Human Prolactin (PRL) Protein

Name: Recombinant Human Prolactin (PRL) Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1622SG
Availability: InStock

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Product Overview

Tag	N/A
Host Species	Human
Accession	P01236
Background	Synthesized primarily by the pituitary gland, prolactin is a neuroendocrine hormone that functions to promote and maintain lactation and has also been shown to play a role in breast cancer development, regulation of reproductive function and immune-regulation. While Human prolactin shares only 60% and 63% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat prolactin, respectively, the human prolactin receptor can be activated by Rat PRL. abm's Recombinant Human PRL is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of 23 kDa.
Description	Recombinant Human Prolactin (PRL) was produced in E. coli. This protein is purified with our unique purification methods.
Source	E.coli
Molecular Weight	23.0 kDa
Purity	For specific purity information on a given lot, see related COA.
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Formulation	Recombinant protein is supplied in 50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50mM NaCl, 10mM Glutathione, 0.25mM DTT, 0.1mM EDTA, 0.1mM PMSF and 25% glycerol.
Stability	The recombinant protein is stable for up to 12 months at -70°C
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Recombinant Human Prolactin (PRL) Protein should be stored should be stored at < -70°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	Prolactin acts primarily on the mammary gland by promoting lactation.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Somatotropin/prolactin family
Database References	HGNC: 9445 OMIM: 176760 KEGG: hsa:5617 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000302150 UniGene: PMID: 29412808 Cin85-deficient mother mice had reduced pituitary hormone prolactin secretion as a result of excessive dopamine signaling in the brain. Their offspring matured normally and produced their own pups; however, nurturing behaviors such as pup retrieval and nursing were strongly inhibited. PMID: 29158391 PRL levels were lower in psychogenic non-epileptic seizure patients with a history of sexual abuse compared to healthy controls and healthy controls with a history of sexual abuse. PMID: 28927333 In newborns, serum PRL and hGH levels show a positive correlation that can be explained by common regulatory factors or a drift phenomenon. A higher gestational week is associated with a higher PRL/hGH ratio. PMID: 28700563 High normal circulating prolactin levels predict changes in haemodynamic indices and worsening endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. Particularly in young postmenopausal women, prolactin predicts accelerated arterial stiffening. PMID: 28332508 In conclusion, the present study provides evidence supporting a significantly positive association between plasma prolactin levels and the risk of breast cancer. PMID: 27184120 Our studies have demonstrated the essential role of endogenous PRL and CDK7 in the upregulation of PRLR by E2 and provide insights for therapeutic approaches that will mitigate the transcription/expression of PRLR and its participation in breast cancer progression fueled by E2 and PRL via their cognate receptors. PMID: 28423697 GABA alpha2 and/or alpha3 receptor subtypes are involved in GABAergic modulation of prolactin secretion. PMID: 27128218 This study revealed a significant association between the prolactin polymorphic variant rs1341239 and the development of hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia. PMID: 27776952 High serum prolactin and vasoinhibin levels predict and may impact retinopathy of prematurity progression PMID: 27842054 The production of PRL by Mvarphis was increased by unknown components of rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid, where it could contribute to disease progression. PMID: 28642278 findings show that cysteine in the PRL catalytic site is endogenously phosphorylated as part of the catalytic cycle and that phosphocysteine levels change in response to Mg(2+) levels. PMID: 27856537 Depression and anxiety in subfertile males are associated with higher secretion of PRL. PMID: 28456148 Prolactin rs1341239 T allele decreases the risk of brick tea fluorosis in the Inner Mongolia in China population. PMID: 28152004 In breast cancer, PRL hormone and its signaling pathway may play an important role in maintaining tumor differentiation state and in turn better patient outcome. PMID: 26980025 Data indicate 12 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) associated with increased prolactin levels in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). PMID: 27357110 these data strongly support a critical interplay between prolactin and estrogen via PAK1 and suggest that ligand-independent activation of ERalpha through prolactin/PAK1 may impart resistance to anti-estrogen therapies. PMID: 26944939 These data provide insight into the mechanisms guiding PRL-mediated breast cancer cell motility and invasion and highlight a significant role for phosphoTyr-PAK1 in breast cancer metastasis. PMID: 27542844 changes in mRNA expression of selected toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4, TLR7), stress cytokine prolactin (PRL), and proand anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10) in peripheral blood monocytes of celiac disease patients, were investiagted. PMID: 28028951 The review focuses on the role of prolactin in breast development, bone homeostasis and in breast cancer to bone metastases. (Review) PMID: 27782069 Study demonstrate that PRL is necessary for the survival of (retinal pigment epithelium) RPE under normal and advancing age conditions and, identified SIRT2 and TRPM2 as molecular targets for the antioxidant and antiapoptotic actions of PRL in the RPE. PMID: 27322457 This review addresses risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) linked to prolactin (PRL), the effects of PRL and vasoinhibins on joint tissues, blood vessels, and immune cells, and the clinical and experimental data associating PRL with RA. [review] PMID: 27026299 Data suggest that the serum level of PRL was closely related to the antibody production and disease activity of systemic lupus eruthematosus patients. PRL concentration was dramatically reduced upon the remission of disease activity. PMID: 26678441 prolactin levels and pituitary adenoma diameters may be associated with increased risk of cancer in patients with prolactinoma PMID: 26720589 reduction in prolactin level is frequent after SRS and FSRT for prolactinomas; however, true biochemical remission is uncommon. PMID: 25410143 the -1189 estrogen response element is the dominant response element involved in the human PRL transcriptional response. PMID: 26691151 Data suggest that plasma kisspeptin and serum prolactin levels may be involved in the physiopathology of breast enlargement in newborns. PMID: 26831552 Serum PRL was significantly higher in chronic hepatitis C patients compared to controls. PMID: 25912488 PAK1 nuclear translocation is ligand-dependent: only PRL but not E2 stimulated PAK1 nuclear translocation PMID: 27003261 Mean serum prolactin level was higher in the patients with recurrent miscarriage than in healthy women. PMID: 26370377 findings revealed that the -1149TT genotype was correlated with higher levels of prolactin in serum and prolactin gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in women with systemic lupus erythematosus; study suggests that the -1149TT genotype may be a risk factor for lupus PMID: 26583155 The results of our study suggest the association between vitamin D status and elevated macroprolactin levels in premenopausal women. PMID: 26179930 Despite the fact that serum prolactin levels were found to be high during pregnancy, the contribution of macroprolactin was found to be insignificant. No relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and PRL, macroPRL or monoPRL % was found. PMID: 26091810 PRL is ectopically activated in a subset of very aggressive lung tumors, associated with a rapid fatal outcome, in a cohort of 293 lung tumor patients and in an external independent series of patients; analysis of the PRL transcripts in lung tumors and cell lines revealed systematic truncations of their 5' regions, including the signal peptide-encoding portions. PMID: 24512221 PRL-PRLR can escalate the impact of breast cancer on bone metastasis and the presence of PRLR in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer bone metastasis has the potential to modulate the microenvironment to induce lytic osteoclast formation. PMID: 26586670 Women with higher prolactin levels did not report significantly increased hostility. PMID: 25226401 results suggest that up-regulation of IL-10 by prolactin might be modulating the pro-inflammatory response against mycobacterial antigens through the MAPK pathway PMID: 25218920 there is a link between prolactin and mean platelet volume levels; in women with PCOS, elevated PRL levels may increase the risk of developing atherothrombotic events via the activation of platelets PMID: 25359296 Our data extends prior research linking prolactin and invasive breast cancer to the outcome of in situ breast tumours and shows that higher circulating prolactin is associated with increased risk of in situ breast cancer. PMID: 25887963 Cord blood prolactin level showed weak correlation with duration of full obstetric delivery, and duration of the second stage. PMID: 26160091 the prolactin -1149 G/T polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to RA, but not SLE, in Caucasians [meta-analysis] PMID: 25724680 Patients with diabetes mellitus and impaired renal function demonstrate a high urinary PRL excretion. PMID: 26299069 serum levels were found to be higher in the infertile women than in controls PMID: 25345488 The prevalence and predictors of hyperprolactinemia in 178 patients with liver cirrhosis of different etio-logies, were investigated. PMID: 24816831 Studied the serum prolactin, cortisol, and ACTH stress response of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe sepsis/septic shock (SS) or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) compared to healthy subjects. PMID: 25243181 Report positive association between prolactin levels and the damage index (overall and its renal and cardiac/peripheral vascular domains), independently of other well-known risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID: 24718588 Hypertensive postmenopausal women with low risk for cardiovascular diseases have increased levels of prolactin, suggesting a possible role in the pathogenesis of hypertension PMID: 24861467 a gene signature based on PRL-upregulated genes was associated with prolonged relapse-free and metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients. PMID: 23758962 REVIEW: Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and prolactin abnormalities in suicidal behavior PMID: 24040800 PRL constrains tumor-promoting liver inflammation. PMID: 25049387

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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