Recombinant Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-Alpha (PPARGC1A)

Name: Recombinant Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-Alpha (PPARGC1A)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-06294P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-Alpha (PPARGC1A) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Activity	Not tested.
Uniprotkb	Q9UBK2
Target Symbol	PPARGC1A
Synonyms	(PGC-1-alpha)(PPAR-gamma coactivator 1-alpha)(PPARGC-1-alpha)(Ligand effect modulator 6)
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	Tag-Free
Target Protein Sequence	MAWDMCNQDSESVWSDIECAALVGEDQPLCPDLPELDLSELDVNDLDTDSFLGGLKWCSDQSEIISNQYNNEPSNIFEKIDEENEANLLAVLTETLDSLPVDEDGLPSFDALTDGDVTTDNEASPSSMPDGTPPPQEAEEPSLLKKLLLAPANTQLSYNECSGLSTQNHANHNHRIRTNPAIVKTENSWSNKAKSICQQQKPQRRPCSELLKYLTTNDDPPHTKPTENRNSSRDKCTSKKKSHTQSQSQHLQAKPTTLSLPLTPESPNDPKGSPFENKTIERTLSVELSGTAGLTPPTTPPHKANQDNPFRASPKLKSSCKTVVPPPSKKPRYSESSGTQGNNSTKKGPEQSELYAQLSKSSVLTGGHEERKTKRPSLRLFGDHDYCQSINSKTEILINISQELQDSRQLENKDVSSDWQGQICSSTDSDQCYLRETLEASKQVSPCSTRKQLQDQEIRAELNKHFGHPSQAVFDDEADKTGELRDSDFSNEQFSKLPMFINSGLAMDGLFDDSEDESDKLSYPWDGTQSYSLFNVSPSCSSFNSPCRDSVSPPKSLFSQRPQRMRSRSRSFSRHRSCSRSPYSRSRSRSPGSRSSSRSCYYYESSHYRHRTHRNSPLYVRSRSRSPYSRRPRYDSYEEYQHERLKREEYRREYEKRESERAKQRERQRQKAIEERRVIYVGKIRPDTTRTELRDRFEVFGEIEECTVNLRDDGDSYGFITYRYTCDAFAALENGYTLRRSNETDFELYFCGRKQFFKSNYADLDSNSDDFDPASTKSKYDSLDFDSLLKEAQRSLRR
Expression Range	1-798aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	91.2 kDa
Research Area	Cardiovascular
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Greatly increases the transcriptional activity of PPARG and thyroid hormone receptor on the uncoupling protein promoter. Can regulate key mitochondrial genes that contribute to the program of adaptive thermogenesis. Plays an essential role in metabolic reprogramming in response to dietary availability through coordination of the expression of a wide array of genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Induces the expression of PERM1 in the skeletal muscle in an ESRRA-dependent manner. Also involved in the integration of the circadian rhythms and energy metabolism. Required for oscillatory expression of clock genes, such as ARNTL/BMAL1 and NR1D1, through the coactivation of RORA and RORC, and metabolic genes, such as PDK4 and PEPCK.
Subcellular Location	[Isoform 1]: Nucleus. Nucleus, PML body.; [Isoform B4]: Nucleus.; [Isoform B4-8a]: Cytoplasm. Nucleus.; [Isoform B5]: Nucleus. Nucleus, PML body.; [Isoform 9]: Nucleus.
Database References	HGNC: 9237 OMIM: 604517 KEGG: hsa:10891 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000264867 UniGene: PMID: 30233161 PGC1A can improve mitochondrial biogenesis and negatively regulate senescence, although this function of PGC1A in age-related macular degeneration needs further studies. Post-translational modifications of PGC1A by AMPK (AMP kinase) and SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) are crucial for its activation and important in age-related macular degeneration pathogenesis. PMID: 30087287 study provides support for the involvement of both NFE2L2 and PPARGC1alpha in Parkinson's disease susceptibility and progression, marginally and through pathways involving maneb and paraquat exposure. PMID: 29630901 Increased nuclear p53 phosphorylation and PGC-1alpha protein content immediately following SIE but not CE suggests these may represent important early molecular events in the exercise-induced response to exercise PMID: 28281651 The transcriptional co-activator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC-1alpha) is proposed to coordinate skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis through the integrated induction of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded gene transcription--{REVIEW} PMID: 29126696 The changes of epigenetic modification of PGC-1alpha gene in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus may be a mechanism of abnormal glucose metabolism in offspring. PMID: 29730292 Our results showed that administration of Hcy reduced the SIRT1/AMPK/PGC-1alpha signaling in chondrocytes, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of increased oxidative stress and apoptosis PMID: 29413962 Study in melanoma cell and in vivo melanoma models provides evidence for a direct role of BRD4 binding at super-enhancers that drive the expression of PGC-1alphaalpha and SOX10, a transcription factor involved in melanocyte development. PMID: 28991225 the present study provided evidence that cisplatin stimulated the expression of PGC1A and the upregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC1A, promoting cell viability and inhibiting apoptosis in response to cisplatin treatment, thus triggering cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. PMID: 29749474 At least in the subcutaneous fat of humans and mice, the levels of PGC-1a decrease during obesity, while its physical association with A20 increases. PMID: 29678181 The non-responders for aerobic training are the carriers of PPARGC1A rs8192678 Ser/Ser. The best responders to aerobic training are PPARGC1A rs8192678 Gly/Gly carriers. PMID: 29762540 Pathological cardiac hypertrophy, decrease of PGC-1alpha activity, and reactivation of the fetal genetic program in chronic heart failure are demonstrated. PMID: 29658071 The findings suggest that activation of TGR5 promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in endothelial cells, which is mediated by the CREB/PGC-1a signaling pathway. PMID: 29709472 that PGC-1alpha may be useful for predicting nodal metastasis, and may represent a biomarker for poor prognosis in colorectal cancer PMID: 29566941 Koreans with the minor alleles of PGC-1alpha rs10517030, rs10517032 and rs10212638 are at greater risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. PMID: 28488691 It was found that down-regulated PGC-1alpha expression is independently associated with the development of CVD in HD patients. PMID: 28550474 Results provide evidence that PGC-1A regulates FASN expression level in colorectal cancer cells. PMID: 29130104 PPARGC1A expression is differentially regulated via canonical and alternative promoters in trained and untrained skeletal muscle. PMID: 29233908 the results reveal that PGC-1alpha stimulates bioenergetic potential, which promotes breast cancer metastasis and facilitates adaptation to metabolic drugs. PMID: 28988825 No associations were observed between SNPs in PPARGC1 and obesity. PMID: 28947843 Results show that PGC1 function is modulated by ERRa which physically interacts with PGC1a, promoting the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, but does not affect expression of the cellular antioxidant or invasive/metastatic programs. PMID: 28596418 PGC-1alpha induction during differentiation is required for both mitochondrial biogenesis and commitment to the hepatocytic lineage, and TCF7L2 repression is sufficient to increase PGC-1alpha expression, mitochondrial biogenesis and OXPHOS activity. PMID: 28795454 AMPK-PGC-1a control of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species regulates Warburg metabolism. PMID: 28978464 Our results suggest that maternal inflammation programmed proneness to NF-kappaB over-activation which impaired PGC-1a-mediated anti-oxidant capacity resulting in the increased sensitivity of offspring to hypertensive damage. PMID: 27616627 Postexercise cold water immersion of one limb also enhances PGC-1alpha expression. PMID: 28546467 Multiple regression analysis showed that age, male gender, body max index, presence of obesity, type-2-diabetes mellitus, hypertension and coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fraction were associated with the expression levels of UCP1, PGC1alpha and PRDM16 mRNA PMID: 28824327 This is the first study regarding the relationship of PPARGC1A and ADIPOQ polymorphisms, and the aggressiveness of prostate cancer in men with overweight or obesity. PMID: 28453464 The effects of PGC-1 gene Gly482Ser polymorphisms on alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism induced by exercise training. PMID: 27699582 acute upregulation of PGC-1alpha mRNA relates to the magnitude of subsequent training-induced increases in oxidative capacity, but not other molecular and morphological chronic skeletal muscle adaptations PMID: 28177701 Data show a significant differential pattern of genetic association of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1alpha) among ethnic groups emphasizing the role of ethnicity towards disease susceptibility [Meta-analysis]. PMID: 29063962 Findings suggest that despite their proposed involvement in the regulation of inflammatory processes in multiple sclerosis (MS), PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PGC-1alpha proteins are not potential biomarkers of neuroinflammation in MS, and indicate a preferential role of PPARgamma in the endogenous regulation of autoimmune response in the human central nervous system within its receptor family. PMID: 28483651 this study shows that PPARGC1A rs3736265 G>A polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and fasting plasma glucose PMID: 28418876 Suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet may have a differential effect on colorectal cancer risk based on PPARGC1A genetic variation. PMID: 28051997 that oxidatively-mediated reductions in parkin solubility and function in a mouse model of age-related sporadic PD coincides with increased PARIS levels and reduced PGC-1alpha signaling PMID: 27185595 Study found that the metabolic master regulator PGC-1alpha is differentially affected by ALS-associated mutations in brain vs. peripheral tissues. Increased PGC-1alpha activity in peripheral tissue contributes to the metabolic phenotype, while in the CNS blunting of the PGC-1alpha response renders motoneurons vulnerable. PMID: 27818323 A single nucleotide variant of the PPARGC1A gene (rs8192678) is associated with T2D susceptibility, relative risk of obesity and insulin resistance, and lower indices of beta cell function. This common polymorphism is within a highly conserved region of the bioactive protein and leads to a single amino acid substitution (glycine 482 to serine).[review] PMID: 29186342 We aimed to explore the potential therapeutic effect of PGC-1alpha by generating a lentiviral vector to express human PGC-1alpha and target it by stereotaxic delivery to hippocampus and cortex of APP23 transgenic mice . Four months after hPGC-1alpha injection, mice showed improved spatial and recognition memory concomitant with a significant reduction in Abeta deposition, associated with a decrease in BACE1 expression PMID: 27791018 In this review, we discuss the interplay between PGC-1 coactivators and cancer pathogenesis, including tumor initiation, metastatic spread, and response to treatment. Given their involvement in the functional biology of cancers, identification of regulatory targets that influence PGC-1 expression and activity may reveal novel strategies suitable for mono- or combinatorial cancer therapies. [Review] PMID: 28607951 Physiologic plasma FFA elevation in NGT individuals has opposing effects on PGC-1alpha non-CpG residue methylation (CpT demethylation and increased DNMT-3B expression), which is correlated with changes in PGC-1alpha expression and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function PMID: 29261667 IFNgamma induced PPAR gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1alpha) positively regulated RIG-I; with PRMT-1 and G9a affecting PGC-1alpha in a counter-regulatory manner. PMID: 26725954 These results show the importance of the activation of the MC1R-PGC-1alpha pathway for mitochondrial biogenesis and function in melanoma development, as well as BRAF for the antioxidant response regulated by PGC-1alpha. PMID: 28452072 Postexercise expression of PGC-1alpha gene via the alternative promoter was not affected. PMID: 28074493 The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects and signal transduction mechanisms of the overexpression of PGC-1alpha on N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced mitochondrial damage in SH-SY5Y cell. PMID: 26141122 These data indicate that acute exercise in a hot environment blunts expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related mRNA, due to decreased binding of CREB, MEF2, and FoxO1 to the PGC-1alpha promoter. PMID: 27445305 skeletal muscle PGC-1alpha is required for fasting-induced upregulation of skeletal muscle SIRT3 and maintaining high fat oxidation in the fasted state, but is dispensable for preserving the capability to switch substrate during the transition from the fed to the fasted state and for fasting-induced PDH regulation in skeletal muscle. PMID: 28400503 Conversely, nitric oxide (NO) triggered post translation modifications of PGC-1alpha and induced FAO, recovering the bioenergetics impairment of muscles but shunting the defective mitochondrial biogenesis. PMID: 27974213 The results revealed that the distribution of genotypes and allele frequency of the PGC-1alpha Gly482Ser polymorphism in polycystic ovary syndrome patients was statistically significant from those of the control group respectively indicating that the presence of 'A' allele might confer risk to polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID: 29030253 mitochondrial biogenesis using mdivi1 or by silencing PGC1alpha abrogates differentiation of Glioblastoma multiforme differentiation into astroglia; conversely, overexpression of PGC1alpha elicits differentiation. PMID: 28076790 PGC-1alpha protein was higher after HIHVT than after SIT (p < 0.05). Moreover, the AMPKpTHR172/AMPK ratio increased at post after SIT (p < 0.05), whereas this effect was delayed after HIHVT as it increased after 3 h PMID: 28973039 study demonstrated that PGC1alpha serves as a unique adaptor molecule for the recruitment of additional coactivator proteins, which can finely regulate HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) transcription PMID: 28768874

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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