Recombinant Human Peptide Yy Protein (PYY) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Peptide Yy Protein (PYY) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-08312P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Peptide Yy Protein (PYY) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P10082
Target Symbol	PYY
Synonyms	GHYY; MGC19143; Peptide tyrosine tyrosine; peptide YY; Peptide YY like; Peptide YY precursor; Peptide YY(3-36); Prepro PYY; PYY 1; PYY; PYY II; PYY-I; PYY-II; PYY_HUMAN; PYY1; RATGHYY; Yy
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	IKPEAPREDASPEELNRYYASLRHYLNLVTRQRY
Expression Range	31-64aa
Protein Length	partial
Mol. Weight	8.1kDa
Research Area	Metabolism
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	This gut peptide inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion, has a vasoconstrictory action and inhibitis jejunal and colonic mobility.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	NPY family
Database References	HGNC: 9748 OMIM: 600781 KEGG: hsa:5697 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000353198 UniGene: PMID: 29412828 Data show that peptide YY (PYY) mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. PMID: 29455414 Data suggest that dose/intensity-response relationships exist between exercise intensity and total plasma PYY levels, though the effects on total plasma GLP1 levels and hunger perceptions seem unclear. (PYY = peptide YY ; GLP1 = glucagon-like peptide 1) PMID: 27721013 Data suggest that hunger, pleasantness of eating, and prospective food intake are down-regulated in older women and this is accompanied by up-regulation of blood levels of peptide YY; both age and sex of subject appear to have independent effects on energy intake. This study was conducted in London and is reported as preliminary evidence. PMID: 27264721 In extremely obese patients, fasting PYY3-36 concentrations were linked to systolic blood pressure, but not to other components of metabolic syndrome, suggesting divergence between pathways of blood pressure and glucose/body weight regulation. PMID: 27513679 expression of PYY and its NPY receptors on mouse islets and immortalised rodent and human beta-cells was examined. PMID: 27465830 Altogether, these results demonstrated a role of toll-like receptors in the modulation of Pyy expression and the importance of butyrate, a product of bacterial fermentation in regulation of microbial toll-like receptor-dependent sensing. PMID: 27405092 Data suggest that laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) for morbid obesity improves insulin resistance after either fast or slow feeding/eating; these findings suggest a negligible contribution of anorexigenic gut peptides GLP1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and PYY (peptide YY) from intestinal L cells in response to LSG-induced weight loss. PMID: 27022941 Angiotensin II stimulates PYY secretion, in turn inhibiting epithelial anion fluxes, thereby reducing net fluid secretion into the colonic lumen. PMID: 27447725 These findings indicate that the mechanism underlying type 2 diabetes remission may be mediated by PYY. PMID: 27117413 In male GERD patients, EE was associated with significantly higher PYY levels [107.0 (55.0-120.8) vs. 32.8 (28.7-84.5) pg/ml, p = 0.026] but lower adiponectin levels [6.7 (5.6-9.3) vs. 9.9 (9.6-10.6) mug/ml, p = 0.034] than NE PMID: 26506614 Data suggest that endocrine responses differ between jejunal and gastric enteral feeding, with higher peak plasma CCK (cholecystokinin), PYY (peptide YY), and GLP-1/2 (glucagon-like peptides 1/2) concentrations being attained after jejunal feeding. PMID: 26762368 Data suggest that capsaicin, an appetite suppressant dietary supplement (here, administered via intraduodenal infusion), does not act via alteration of secretion of satiety hormones PYY (peptide YY) and GLP-1 (GLP-1). PMID: 26718419 Data suggest that, despite effects of acute sprint interval exercise (SIE) on oxygen consumption, appetite regulation, and brief up-regulation of plasma PYY, acute SIE does not affect energy intake of young men. PMID: 25494974 Plasma PYY and PP levels were significantly higher in HG [Hyperemesis gravidarum ] group. PMID: 25990478 Data suggest plasma PYY (peptide YY) and GLP1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) can be regulated by digestion-resistant diet factors; intake of soluble dietary fiber (prebiotic Fibersol-2) in a tea with meal up-regulated plasma PYY/GLP1 and decreased hunger. PMID: 25823991 Eating speed at breakfast did not affect postprandial ghrelin, GLP-1, PYY, hunger, and fullness values or daily energy and macronutrient intake. PMID: 25361054 These results indicate that circulating PYY may have buffering effects during the early stages of smoking cessation while ghrelin may confer increased risk of smoking relapse. PMID: 25127083 Data suggest secretion of PYY and GLP1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) can be altered by diet; plasma levels of PYY/GLP1 are increased during postprandial period after meal using Paleolithic diet principles (high in protein/plant matter; no cereals/dairy). PMID: 25661189 Intraduodenal lipid more potently stimulated PYY release when compared to intraduodenal protein. PMID: 25568079 data suggested that peptide YY expression is down-regulated by differentiation of monocytes to macrophages and proinflammatory stimuli. PMID: 24969624 Although the effect size of the positive association of PYY with obesity in women is small, and potentially negligible, it may in fact represent a protective response against significant weight gain PMID: 24743402 We critically discuss recent findings relating to the role of PYY in mediating the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery, the role of PYY in glucose homeostasis, the role of hepatoportal PYY in mediating its central physiological effects--{REVIEW} PMID: 24188711 PYY and ghrelin are reciprocally associated during a period of weight stability, but not following weight loss PMID: 24012997 PYY3-36 concentrations were suppressed in the women with High cognitive restraint PMID: 23831742 We aimed to determine whether fasting or meal-stimulated ghrelin, PYY, CCK, and satiety responses are different between lean PCOS patients and healthy women. PMID: 24001751 glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY colocalize in primary cultured human L cells PMID: 23519462 Report high densities of serotonin and peptide YY cells in the colon of patients with lymphocytic colitis. PMID: 23155335 Peptide YY (PYY) is affected in several gastrointestinal diseases and disorders. Changes in PYY appear to be an adaptive response to alterations in pathophysiological conditions caused by the disease. [review] PMID: 23292145 Data suggest that plasma PYY increases more after high-fat meal rather than after high-carbohydrate meal; plasma PYY is not associated with hunger or fullness; plasma PYY is not associated with energy intake. PMID: 23509106 These findings underscore the important role of the NPY-Y receptor system at several levels of the gut-brain axis in which opeptide Y, peptide yy and pancreatic polypeptide operate both as neural and endocrine messengers--{REVIEW} PMID: 22979996 In obese woman during caloric restriction, PPY concentrations (and pancreatic polypeptide) were greatest following liquid high-protein meals compared to high carbohydrate liquid meals. PMID: 23371976 Circulating concentrations of PYY were inversely associated with circulating concentrations of ghrelin over 24 h in normal weight, premenopausal women. PYY may contribute to the modulation of the secretion of GHR in normal weight, premenopausal women. PMID: 22954902 Plasma PYY levels increase both in obese adolescents and in obese adults, irrespective of eating rate; slow feeding behavior is more effective in stimulating PYY release/secretion in obese adolescents than in obese adults. PMID: 23239758 review of evidence linking biosynthesis of peptide YY in strumal carcinoid of the ovary and severe constipation [CASE REPORT; REVIEW] PMID: 22563842 a lineage of mature enteroendocrine cells have the ability to coexpress members of a group of functionally related peptides: CCK, secretin, GIP, GLP-1, PYY, and neurotensin PMID: 23064014 Data suggest that patients who report recent weight loss at diagnosis of major depression exhibit high levels of plasma PYY (but not plasma ghrelin or serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor); elevated PYY could contribute to reduced appetite. PMID: 22183081 PYY is capable of influencing cholesterol homeostasis in intestinal Caco-2/15 cells depending on the site delivery. PMID: 22844422 Examine changes in fasting total peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin in nonobese premenopausal women after an exercise and diet program with and without weight loss. Neither fasting ghrelin nor PYY changed in response to exercise in the absence of weight loss. PMID: 21502892 The R72T variant in PYY gene was not associated with obesity and most of its related anthropometric measurements. This suggests that other genes and/or environmental factors like dietary habits and lifestyle factors may be the contributors of obesity. PMID: 22303574 PYY(3-36) is also present in murine as well as in human saliva PMID: 22028819 The sweet taste receptors (alpha-gustducin and T1R3) are involved in glucose-stimulated secretion of GLP-1 and PYY. PMID: 21324568 These data suggest that ghrelin is a physiological regulator of growth hormone (GH) in the post-oral glucose state, and the decreased ghrelin secretion could be one of the mechanisms responsible for the altered GH secretion in obesity. PMID: 21667426 Data suggest that hyperphagia in Prader-Willi syndrome is not related to a lower postprandial GLP-1 or PYY response, and that elevated ghrelin levels are consistent with increased hunger and are unrelated to insulin levels. PMID: 21722955 PYY varies in accordance with energy content and resting metabolism, supporting a role for PYY in energy balance modulation PMID: 21610227 conclude that the C-terminal helix is crucial for the structural integrity of PYY PMID: 21360523 higher levels of PYY are associated with disordered eating psychopathology independent of BMI in women across the weight spectrum PMID: 21098684 postprandial PYY secretion is not affected by glycemic load but is blunted in obese black women compared with normal weight black women and with white women PMID: 19875990 Several LEP, and NPY2R and PYY SNPs were associated with obesity-related phenotypes in young adults, particularly among African-Americans. PMID: 20642810 During mid-puberty, at a time when growth hormone levels are the highest, PYY is at a nadir, and these low PYY levels may facilitate pubertal progression and growth PMID: 20375207

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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