Recombinant Human PD-L2 Protein (C-6His)

Name: Recombinant Human PD-L2 Protein (C-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-0669NP
Availability: InStock

BL-0669NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: All products, Co-inhibitory receptors, Featured immune checkpoint protein molecules, High-quality recombinant proteins, Immune checkpoint proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Leu20-Pro219 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus.
Accession	Q9BQ51
Synonym	Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2; PD-1 Ligand 2; PD-L2; PDCD1 Ligand 2; Programmed Death Ligand 2; Butyrophilin B7-DC; B7-DC; CD273; PDCD1LG2; B7DC; CD273; PDCD1L2; PDL2
Gene Background	Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 (PDCD1LG2) is a member of the BTN/MOG family. PDCD1LG2 contains one Ig-like C2-type domain and one Ig-like V-type domain. PDCD1LG2 is highly expressed in the heart, placenta, pancreas, lung and liver; it is weakly expressed in the spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus. PDCD1LG2 is involved in the costimulatory signal, essential for T-cell proliferation and IFNG production in a PDCD1-independent manner. PDCD1LG2 interaction with PDCD1 inhibits T-cell proliferation by blocking cell cycle progression and cytokine production.
Molecular Mass	23.59 KDa
Apmol Mass	34-50 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM PB, 150mM NaCl, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Biologically active. Please contact us to obtain bioactivity data.
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Involved in the costimulatory signal, essential for T-cell proliferation and IFNG production in a PDCD1-independent manner. Interaction with PDCD1 inhibits T-cell proliferation by blocking cell cycle progression and cytokine production.
Subcellular Location	[Isoform 3]: Secreted.; [Isoform 2]: Endomembrane system; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Isoform 1]: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Protein Families	Immunoglobulin superfamily, BTN/MOG family
Database References	HGNC: 18731 OMIM: 605723 KEGG: hsa:80380 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000380855 UniGene: PMID: 29122656 High PD-L2 expression may be a target of immunotherapy in patients with PD-L1-negative Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. PMID: 30275216 The high-affinity PD-1 mutant could compete with the binding of antibodies specific to PD-L1 or PD-L2 on cancer cells. PMID: 29890018 the binding affinities of the PD-1-PD-L1/PD-L2 co-inhibitory receptor system, was characterized. PMID: 27447090 Tumor PDCD1LG2 expression is inversely associated with Crohn-like lymphoid reaction to colorectal cancer, suggesting a possible role of PDCD1LG2-expressing tumor cells in inhibiting the development of tertiary lymphoid tissues during colorectal carcinogenesis. PMID: 29038297 The biopsy tumor key protein measurements demonstrate substantial between-tumor variation in expression ratios of these proteins and suggest that programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 PD-L2 is present in some tumors at levels sufficient to contribute to programmed cell death-1 PD-1-dependent T-cell regulation and possibly to affect responses to PD-1- and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 PD-L1-blocking drugs. PMID: 28546465 the positive rate of PD-L2 did not show any differences between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes. In multivariate analysis, PD-L1 expression, PD-L2 expression, a low density of CD8(+) T cells in primary tumors, and PD-1 expression on CD8(+) T cells in primary tumors were associated with poor prognosis. PMID: 28754154 in some tumor types, PD-L2 expression is more closely linked to Th1/IFNG expression and PD-1 and CD8 signaling than PD-L1 PMID: 27837027 Clinical response to pembrolizumab in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)may be related partly to blockade of PD-1/PD-L2 interactions. Therapy targeting both PD-1 ligands may provide clinical benefit in these patients. PMID: 28619999 PD-L2 is regulated by both interferon beta and gamma signaling. PMID: 28494868 Overexpression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma PMID: 27456947 Data suggest that hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is a direct transcriptional inducer of genes encoding PDL1 and PDL2 in myeloid cells/macrophages; this up-regulation of gene expression appears to be species- and cells-specific. PMID: 29061851 PD-L2 copy number gains were not related to PD-L2 augmentation in non-small cell lung cancer. PMID: 27050074 PD-L2 expression has been reported in 52% of esophageal adenocarcinomas but little is known about the expression of other immune checkpoints PMID: 28561677 Low PD-L2 expression is associated with pediatric solid tumors. PMID: 28488345 this study shows that higher PD-L2 expression on blood dendritic cells, from Plasmodium falciparum-infected individuals, correlates with lower parasitemia PMID: 27533014 PD-L1/PD-L2 copy number alterations are a defining feature of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. PMID: 27069084 PDL2 was overexpressed in Epstein Barr virus-associated gastric adenocarcinoma. PMID: 26980034 higher expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on CD1a(+) cells than that on CD83(+) cells in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma tumour tissues may contribute to negative regulation in anti-tumour immune responses PMID: 28052400 stable ectopic expression of wild-type PDCD1LG2 and the PDCD1LG2-IGHV7-81 fusion showed, in coculture, significantly reduced T-cell activation. PMID: 27268263 The expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 in CD3(+) T cells and CD19(+) B cells and serum IFN-gamma level in progressive hepatocellular carcinoma patients were significantly higher than controls. PMID: 27609582 Downregulation of the immunosuppressive molecules, PD-1 and PD-L1, may imply that over-activation of immune cells in multiple sclerosis occurs through signaling dysfunction of these molecules and PD-L2 plays no important role in this context PMID: 27921410 an IL-27/Stat3 axis induces expression of programmed cell death 1 ligands (PD-L1/2) on infiltrating macrophages in lymphoma PMID: 27564404 High PD-L2 expression is associated with Renal Cell Carcinoma. PMID: 26464193 knocking down in dendritic cells results in activation of inflammatory T cells PMID: 26599163 We observed cogain or coamplification of CD274 and PDCD1LG2 in 32 of 48 cervical and 10 of 23 vulvar squamous cell carcinomas PMID: 26913631 PD-L2 expression was neither associated with VEGF-TKI responsiveness nor patients' outcome PMID: 26424759 PD-L1 and PD-L2 are useful new markers for identifying select histiocyte and dendritic cell disorders and reveal novel patient populations as rational candidates for immunotherapy PMID: 26752545 Genomic amplification of 9p24.1 targeting JAK2, PD-L1, and PD-L2 is enriched in high-risk triple negative breast cancer. PMID: 26317899 the inflammatory environment in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma may contribute to the expression of PD-L2. PMID: 26081225 PDL2 could promote the ability of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to augment the secretion of IL-10. PMID: 26432559 We suggest that decreased expression of programmed death-ligand 1, 2 on psoriatic epidermis can contribute to its chronic unregulated inflammatory characteristics. PMID: 26133691 Suggest role for PD-L2 in recurrence of hepatitis C infection post orthotopic liver transplantation. PMID: 25675203 Report PD-L2 expression in breast neoplasms. PMID: 26541326 Data indicate that pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PC) very frequently express CD274 antigen (PD-L1) and CD273 antigen (PD-L2). PMID: 26329973 PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma is associated with an increased number of CD8(+) tumor infiltrating lymphocytess and increased MET expression. PMID: 25662388 Results show that human-derived chordoma cell lines demonstrate inducible expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2, and that primary chordoma tissue shows variable expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in infiltrating immune cells PMID: 25349132 conclude that PD-L2 protein is robustly expressed by the majority of primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphomas PMID: 25025450 PD-1/PD-Ls pathways on PMCs inhibited proliferation and adhesion activity of CD4+ T cells, suggesting that Mycobacterium tuberculosis might exploit PD-1/PD-Ls pathways to evade host cell immune response in human. PMID: 24406080 High Expression of PD-L2 is associated with myelodysplastic syndromes. PMID: 24270737 Data indicate that the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) signaling pathway regulates PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) during the maturation process. PMID: 24532425 Recurrent genomic rearrangement events in CD274 and PDCD1LG2 underlie an immune privilege phenotype in a subset of B-cell lymphomas. PMID: 24497532 PD-L1 and PD-L2 expressed on hPMSCs could inhibit the hPMSCs-mediated up-regulation on the expression of IL-17 secreted by peripheral blood T cells PMID: 23388330 Macrophages from infected animals show increased expression of PDL2 and CD80 that was dependent from the sex of the host. PMID: 23533995 expression of PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, in liver biopsies from HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were analyzed; results showed all 3 molecules were observed in the HBV-ACLF samples and levels were significantly higher than in CHB PMID: 22895698 Data show that PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CCL17, and CCL22 mRNA was identified in papillomas. PMID: 22322668 Data suggest that brain endothelial cells contribute to control T cell transmigration into the CNS and immune responses via PD-L2 but not PD-L1 expression. PMID: 22067141 increased expression of PD-L2, as a costimulatory molecule, may have an important modulatory function on the local immune responses of OLP in vivo. PMID: 21457347 Data suggest that PD-L1 may contribute to negative regulation of the immune response in chronic hepatitis B, and that PD-1 and PD-L1 and 2 may play a role in immune evasion of tumors. PMID: 21876620 Our results suggest that PD-1 G-536A, PD-L1 A8923C and PD-L2 C47103T polymorphisms are associated with the presence of ankylosing spondylitis. PMID: 21791547

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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