Recombinant Human Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain-Containing Protein 2 (PNPLA2) Protein (His-SUMO)

Name: Recombinant Human Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain-Containing Protein 2 (PNPLA2) Protein (His-SUMO)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-02966P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain-Containing Protein 2 (PNPLA2) Protein (His-SUMO) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q96AD5
Target Symbol	PNPLA2
Synonyms	1110001C14Rik ; Adipose triglyceride lipase; ATGL; ATGL DESNUTRIN; Calcium independent phospholipase A2; Calcium-independent phospholipase A2; Desnutrin; EC 3.1.1.3; FP17548; IPLA2 zeta; IPLA2-zeta; Mutant patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2; Patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2; PATATIN LIKE PHOSPHOLIPASE DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 2; Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2; PEDF R; PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 CALCIUM INDEPENDENT ZETA; Pigment epithelium derived factor; Pigment epithelium-derived factor; plpl; plpl2; PLPL2_HUMAN; Pnpla2; Transport secretion protein 2; Transport secretion protein 2.2; Transport-secretion protein 2; Triglyceride hydrolase ; TTS 2.2; TTS2; TTS2.2; ZETA
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-SUMO
Target Protein Sequence	MFPREKTWNISFAGCGFLGVYYVGVASCLREHAPFLVANATHIYGASAGALTATALVTGVCLGEAGAKFIEVSKEARKRFLGPLHPSFNLVKIIRSFLLKVLPADSHEHASGRLGISLTRVSDGENVIISHFNSKDELIQANVCSGFIPVYCGLIPPSLQGVRYVDGGISDNLPLYELKNTITVSPFSGESDICPQDSSTNIHELRVTNTSIQFNLRNLYRLSKALFPPEPLVLREMCKQGYRDGLRFLQRNGLLNRPNPLLALPPARPHGPEDKDQAVESAQAEDYSQLPGEDHILEHLPARLNEALLEACVEPTDLLTTLSNMLPVRLATAMMVPYTLPLESALSFTIRLLEWLPDVPEDIRWMKEQTGSICQYLVMRAKRKLGRHLPSRLPEQVELRRVQSLPSVPLSCAAYREALPGWMRNNLSLGDALAKWEECQRQLLLGLFCTNVAFPPEALRMRAPADPAPAPADPASPQHQLAGPAPLLSTPAPEARPVIGALGL
Expression Range	1-504aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	71.3kDa
Research Area	Cardiovascular
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis in adipocyte and non-adipocyte lipid droplets. Exhibits a strong preference for the hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acid esters at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Also has acylglycerol transacylase activity. Acts coordinately with LIPE/HLS and DGAT2 within the lipolytic cascade. Transfers fatty acid from triglyceride to retinol, hydrolyzes retinylesters, and generates 1,3-diacylglycerol from triglycerides. Regulates adiposome size and may be involved in the degradation of adiposomes. May play an important role in energy homeostasis. May play a role in the response of the organism to starvation, enhancing hydrolysis of triglycerides and providing free fatty acids to other tissues to be oxidized in situations of energy depletion.
Subcellular Location	Lipid droplet. Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.
Database References	HGNC: 30802 OMIM: 609059 KEGG: hsa:57104 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000337701 UniGene: PMID: 29072982 Non-cardiac ATGL-mediated modulation of the cardiac lipidome may play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure. PMID: 29320510 Although we found evidence for moderate association between PNPLA2 tagSNPs and anthropometric and metabolic parameters in our cohort, no evidence for association between polymorphisms in the PNPLA2 gene and the presence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was identified. PMID: 26500201 Study reports the derivation of iPSCs from fibroblasts of two Neutral Lipid Storage Disease with Myopathy (NLSDM)patients carrying different ATGL mutations. These iPSCs exhibited defects in neutral lipid metabolism similar to those of NLSDM fibroblasts. NLSDM-iPSCs were able to undergo directed differentiation into cardiomyocytes. PMID: 28391974 Thus, ATGL in leucocytes may be an important biomarker for the diagnosis of TGCV and our assay may provide insights into pathophysiology and elucidate the underlying mechanism of TGCV and related disorders. PMID: 29146190 The ATGL gene was frequently deleted in various forms of human cancers and was associated with poor prognosis. PMID: 27213586 a Snail1-ATGL axis that regulates adipose lipolysis and fatty acid release, is reported. PMID: 27851965 ABHD5 possesses a PNPLA2-independent function in regulating autophagy and tumorigenesis. PMID: 27559856 Oxidative stress decreased the levels of PNPLA2 transcripts with no effect on ALOX5 expression. Exogenous additions of P1 peptide or overexpression of the PNPLA2 gene decreased both LTB4 levels and death of RPE cells undergoing oxidative stress. PMID: 27635633 Results suggest that increased adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) expression is associated with increased adiposity and stromal proliferation in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PMID: 28179319 A missense mutation in PNPLA2 is the rare cause of severe dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to neutral lipid storage disease. PMID: 26922712 A novel deletion was identified in PNPLA2 protein from a patient with complete deficiency of adipose triglyceride lipase. PMID: 26803235 Rab32 controls intracellular lipid accumulation through inducing lipolysis via enhancing ATGL expression indirectly. PMID: 26882978 Data indicate that a tumor suppressor mechanism by which G0/G1 switch gene 2 product (G0S2) directly inhibits activity of a key intracellular adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). PMID: 26318046 Authors show that rat ATGL, coactivated by rat CGI-58, efficiently hydrolyzes triglycerides and retinyl ester. PMID: 26330055 PNPLA2 mutations were associated with an extended phenotype, including brain involvement in cases of neutral lipid-storage disease with myopathy. PMID: 26600210 Distinct cardiac phenotype between two homozygotes born in a village with accumulation of a genetic deficiency of adipose triglyceride lipase. PMID: 25985012 Study reports the clinical and genetic findings of a neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy family of Italian origin with 3 affected siblings. to highlight the effect that different gene mutations may have on ATGL lipase activity, authors performed a functional characterization of the novel PNPLA2 missense mutations identified in their patients PMID: 25956450 PLIN5 was significantly colocated with ATGL, mitochondria and CGI-58, indicating a close association between the key lipolytic effectors in resting skeletal muscle. PMID: 25054327 PEDF receptor is a transmembrane phospholipase that is required for the survival and antiapoptotic effects of PEDF on retina cells. It has determinants for PEDF binding within its L4 ectodomain that are critical for enzymatic stimulation. PMID: 23818523 Data suggest that PNPLA2 hydrolyzes arachidonic acid from triglycerides in mast cell (MC) lipid droplets; PNPLA2 appears to regulate substrate availability of AA for eicosanoid (PGD2/LTC4) generation/secretion upon MC activation with IgE. PMID: 25114172 Data suggest that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) may serve as therapeutic targets for managing vascular hyperpermeability in sepsis. PMID: 25700221 Results indicate that the serum adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) level may be closely related to obesity. PMID: 25177954 Data indicate that the peptide corresponding to residues Lys-20 to Ala-52 from G0S2 Inhibits ATGL in the nanomolar range. PMID: 25258314 Data indicate that fat-specific protein 27 (FSP27) increases the inhibitory effect of transcription factor Egr1 on the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) promoter. PMID: 24742676 The pathophysiological impact due to defective lipolysis by ATGL deficiency on mitochondrial dysfunction. [Review] PMID: 23827855 our results suggest that inhibition of the major lipolytic enzymes ATGL and HSL by long-chain acyl-CoAs could represent an effective feedback mechanism controlling lipolysis PMID: 24440819 In patients with TGCV, even when hydrolysis of intracellular TG is defective, the marked up-regulation of PPARgamma and related genes may lead to increased uptake of LCFAs, the substrates for TG synthesis. PMID: 24332944 In humans, ATGL has a remarkable effect on cellular lipid droplet handling, and its lack causes both perivisceral, skeletal muscle, and pancreas fat accumulation; in contrast, the impact on whole-body insulin sensitivity and fatty acid metabolism is minor PMID: 23824421 Data indicate that PNPLA2 mutations in neutral lipid storage sisease with myopathy (NLSD with myopathy). PMID: 23232698 Contribution of novel ATGL missense mutations to the clinical phenotype of NLSD-M: a strikingly low amount of lipase activity may preserve cardiac function. PMID: 22990388 PNPLA2 gene mutations are responsible for neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy in Chinese Han patients. PMID: 22832386 UBXD8-mediated recruitment of p97/VCP to LDs increases lipid droplet (LD) size by inhibiting the activity of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate-limiting enzyme in triacylglycerol hydrolysis. PMID: 23297223 These data suggest that elevated levels of ATGL are involved in the exercise-induced enhancement of lipolysis in primary adipocytes. PMID: 22815850 The results demonstrated that adipose triglyceride lipase Ser(404) phosphorylation is not increased in mixed skeletal muscle during moderate-intensity exercise and that AMPK does not appear to be an activating kinase for ATGL Ser(404) in skeletal muscle. PMID: 22713505 Reduced mRNA and protein content of Plin and G0S2 and borderline increased ATGL protein in sc adipose tissue from poorly controlled type 2 diabetic subjects. PMID: 22535977 Resveratrol increased adipose triglyceride lipase gene and protein expressions, an effect that was not observed for hormone-sensitive lipase in human SGBS adipocytes. PMID: 21543206 We have mapped the epitope of the antibody that detects PEDF-R to the coding region of exon 4. PMID: 22183409 Four novel and two previously reported mutations were detected, affecting different parts of the PNPLA2 gene in 6 patients with neutral lipid storage disease PMID: 21544567 the C terminus sequesters ABHD5 and thus inhibits basal ATGL activity PMID: 21757733 GBF1 and ATGL interact directly and in cells, through multiple contact sites on each protein. PMID: 21789191 ATGL knockdown increased monocyte adhesion to the endothelium through enhanced TNFalpha-induced ICAM-1 expression via activation of NFkappaB and PKC. PMID: 21828047 findings are compatible with the notion that the ATGL-G0S2 complex is an important long-term regulator of lipolysis under physiological conditions such as fasting in humans PMID: 21613358 The results suggest a molecular pathway by which PEDF ligand/receptor interactions on the cell surface could generate a cellular signal. PMID: 20237999 Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) levels were inversely correlated with body mass index and positively correlated with insulin sensitivity index. In muscle, ATGL mRNA had a strong positive relationship with carnitine palmitoyltransferase I mRNA. PMID: 21129760 total lipase, ATGL and HSL activities were higher in visceral white adipose tissue of cancer patients compared with individuals without cancer and higher in cancer patients with cachexia compared with cancer patients without cachexia PMID: 21680814 Data indicate that altered ATGL and HSL expression in skeletal muscle could promote DAG accumulation and disrupt insulin signaling and action. PMID: 21498783 interaction of ATGL with CGI-58 increased lipolysis, whereas interaction of ATGL with perilipin 5 decreased lipolysis. PMID: 21393244 1 out of 13 healthy individuals carried at least one rare mutation of PNPLA2. PMID: 21170305 variants within PNPLA2 may modulate the TG component of the familial combined hyperlipidemia trait, thus implicating PNPLA2 as modifier gene in this lipid disorder PMID: 20832801

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Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

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