Recombinant Human Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 2 (SMAD2) Protein (His-SUMO)

Name: Recombinant Human Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 2 (SMAD2) Protein (His-SUMO)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-02186P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Homolog 2 (SMAD2) Protein (His-SUMO) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q15796
Target Symbol	SMAD2
Synonyms	Drosophila, homolog of, MADR2; hMAD-2; HsMAD2; JV18; JV18-1; JV181; MAD; MAD homolog 2; MAD Related Protein 2; Mad-related protein 2; MADH2; MADR2; MGC22139; MGC34440; Mother against DPP homolog 2; Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; Mothers against decapentaplegic, Drosophila, homolog of, 2; Mothers against DPP homolog 2; OTTHUMP00000163489; Sma and Mad related protein 2; Sma- and Mad-related protein 2 MAD; SMAD 2; SMAD family member 2; SMAD, mothers against DPP homolog 2; SMAD2; SMAD2_HUMAN
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-SUMO
Target Protein Sequence	SSILPFTPPVVKRLLGWKKSAGGSGGAGGGEQNGQEEKWCEKAVKSLVKKLKKTGRLDELEKAITTQNCNTKCVTIPSTCSEIWGLSTPNTIDQWDTTGLYSFSEQTRSLDGRLQVSHRKGLPHVIYCRLWRWPDLHSHHELKAIENCEYAFNLKKDEVCVNPYHYQRVETPVLPPVLVPRHTEILTELPPLDDYTHSIPENTNFPAGIEPQSNYIPETPPPGYISEDGETSDQQLNQSMDTGSPAELSPTTLSPVNHSLDLQPVTYSEPAFWCSIAYYELNQRVGETFHASQPSLTVDGFTDPSNSERFCLGLLSNVNRNATVEMTRRHIGRGVRLYYIGGEVFAECLSDSAIFVQSPNCNQRYGWHPATVCKIPPGCNLKIFNNQEFAALLAQSVNQGFEAVYQLTRMCTIRMSFVKGWGAEYRRQTVTSTPCWIELHLNGPLQWLDKVLTQMGSPSVRCSSMS
Expression Range	2-467aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	68.2kDa
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm. Nucleus.
Protein Families	Dwarfin/SMAD family
Database References	HGNC: 6768 OMIM: 601366 KEGG: hsa:4087 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000262160 UniGene: PMID: 28240243 the results of the present study indicated that miR4865p was upregulated in Osteoarthritis and may inhibit chondrocyte proliferation and migration by suppressing SMAD2. PMID: 29749497 relevance of the discovered Sirt1-Smad2 interaction for the regulation of TGFbeta-dependent gene transcription PMID: 29187201 Our present study indicated that S100A11 promotes EMT through accumulation of TGF-beta1 expression, and TGF-beta1-induced upregulation of p-SMAD2 and 3. PMID: 29569474 the results of the present study indicated that miR2145p may promote the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs through regulation of the TGFbeta/Smad2/COL4A1 signaling pathway, and potentially may be used to develop a novel drug for postmenopausal osteoporosis. PMID: 29532880 High SMAD2 expression is associated with fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. PMID: 29328490 The results suggest that co-expression of active SMAD2/3 could enhance multiple types of transcription factors (TF)-based cell identity conversion and therefore be a powerful tool for cellular engineering. PMID: 29174331 We found that ITZ treatment was efficient in suppressing EMT and that the effect of ITZ was partially mediated by impaired TGF-b/SMAD2/3 signaling. The role of TGF-b/SMAD2/3 signaling in mediating the effect of ITZ was confirmed based on the results that recombinant TGF-b induced, but the TGF-b neutralizing antibody inhibited EMT as well as the invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells PMID: 29484419 SMAD2/3 interactome reveals that TGFbeta controls m(6)A mRNA methylation in pluripotency PMID: 29489750 This study's findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of how oscillatory shear stress regulates Smad2 signaling and pro-inflammatory genes through the complex signaling networks of integrins, transforming growth factor-beta receptors, and extracellular matrices, thus illustrating the molecular basis of regional pro-inflammatory activation within disturbed flow regions in the arterial tree. PMID: 29295709 our findings demonstrated that thymoquinone suppressed the metastatic phenotype and reversed EMT of prostate cancer cells by negatively regulating the TGF-beta/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that thymoquinone is a potential therapeutic agent against prostate cancer which functions by targeting TGF-beta PMID: 29039572 MicroRNA-486-5p suppresses TGFB2-induced proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells by targeting Smad2. PMID: 29229876 was found that treatment with iPSC-CM markedly reduced the proliferation of TGF-beta1-exposed cells, and the activities of TGF-beta1, Smad-2 and Smad-3. Accompanied by alterations in the expression of the indicated molecules, the lung structure of mice with PF was also markedly ameliorated. PMID: 29115383 We found expression of pSmad2/3 and Smad4 in different liver tissues, with up-regulated expression of both antibodies in chronic hepatitis C with higher stage of fibrosis and higher grade of activity. PMID: 29924446 TGFbeta and IL1beta signaling interact at the SMAD2/3 level in human primary MSC. Down-stream TGFbeta target genes were repressed by IL1beta independent of C-terminal SMAD2 phosphorylation. We demonstrate that SMAD2/3 linker modifications are required for this interplay and identified TAK1 as a crucial mediator of IL1beta-induced TGFbeta signal modulation. PMID: 28943409 Our studies provide a molecular mechanism by which UCHL5 mitigates TGFbeta-1 signaling by stabilizing Smad2/Smad3. These data indicate that UCHL5 may contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and may be a potential therapeutic target. PMID: 27604640 we demonstrated that the downregulation of CLDN6 is regulated through promoter methylation by DNMT1, which depends on the SMAD2 pathway, and that CLDN6 is a key regulator in the SMAD2/DNMT1/CLDN6 pathway to inhibit EMT, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells PMID: 28867761 High Expression of Smad2 is associated with liver cancer. PMID: 28415588 Whereas autocrine signalling activates Smad2/3 in differentiating extravillous trophoblasts, paracrine factors contribute to Smad phosphorylation in these cells. PMID: 28864007 Kidney samples from patients with advanced stages of diabetic nephropathy showed elevated pSmad2 staining. PMID: 28805484 Smad2 (and myostatin) were significantly up-regulated in the failing heart of female patients, but not male patients. PMID: 28465115 Nodal signaling through the Smad2/3 pathway up-regulated Slug, Snail and c-Myc to induce EMT, thereby promotingVasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation. PMID: 27659524 this study shows that EGF induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition through phospho-Smad2/3-Snail signaling pathway in breast cancer cells PMID: 27829223 Multiple myeloma cells adapted to long-term exposure to hypoxia exhibit stem cell characteristics with TGF-beta/Smad pathway activation. PMID: 29309790 a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.833C>T, p.A278V) in the SMAD2 gene in a family with early onset aortic aneurysms PMID: 28283438 Data suggest that oncogenic Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) indirectly enhances transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling cascades via Sma/Mad related protein 2 (Smad2)phospho-activation and may represent a promising factor for future diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer. PMID: 29187452 Asiaticoside hindered the invasive growth of KFs by inhibiting the GDF-9/MAPK/Smad pathway. PMID: 28346732 High Smad2 expression is associated with invasion and metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PMID: 26908446 Data indicate that miR-206 inhibits neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and SMAD2 gene expression by directly binding to their 3'-UTRs. PMID: 27014911 Results show that members of the Activin branch of the TGFbeta signaling pathway, namely Put and Smad2, are autonomously required for cell and tissue growth in the Drosophila larval salivary gland. PMID: 28123053 CytoD modified MKL1, a coactivator of serum response factor (SRF) regulating CTGF induction, and promoted its nuclear localization. PMID: 27721022 cells expressing mutant huntingtin have a dysregulated transcriptional response to epidermal growth factor stimulation PMID: 27988204 CRT regulates TGF-beta1-induced-EMT through modulating Smad signaling PMID: 28778674 P311 is a novel TGFbeta1/Smad signaling-mediated regulator of transdifferentiation in epidermal stem cells during cutaneous wound healing. PMID: 27906099 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) levels, were correlated well with TSP50/p-Samd2/3 and TSP50/p27 expression status. Thus, our studies revealed a novel regulatory mechanism underlying TSP50-induced cell proliferation and provided a new favorable intervention target for the treatment of breast cancer PMID: 28650473 IL-17 can induce A549 alveolar epithelial cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the TGF-beta1 mediated Smad2/3 and ERK1/2 activation PMID: 28873461 a critical role for miR-503-3p in induction of breast cancer EMT PMID: 28161325 Nuclear localization of Smad2 was reduced in TGFbeta-1-stimulated primary tubular epithelial cells. Changes in nuclear Smad2 correlated with a reduced expression of the pro-fibrotic factor CTGF. Transient downregulation of Smad2 interfered with TGFbeta-1-induced CTGF synthesis. PMID: 27155083 Low SMAD2 expression is associated with progression of hepatic fibrosis. PMID: 28423499 In order to study the translation between mouse model and patients, we evaluated the signature of phosphorylated Sma- and Mad-related protein 2 (pSmad2), as molecular marker of TGF-beta/activin activity, in the kidneys of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice compared to that of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. PMID: 28064277 SMAD2/SMAD3 signaling by bone morphogenetic proteins causes disproportionate induction of HAS2 expression and hyaluronan production in immortalized human granulosa cells. PMID: 26992562 miR-27a contributed to cell proliferation and invasion by inhibiting TGF-beta-induced cell cycle arrest. These results suggest that miR-27a may function as an oncogene by regulating SMAD2 and SMAD4 in lung cancer. PMID: 28370334 cPLA2alpha activates PI3K/AKT and inhibits Smad2/3 during epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PMID: 28649002 selective inhibition of SMAD3 or CCT6A efficiently suppresses TGF-beta-mediated metastasis. Findings provide a mechanism that directs TGF-beta signaling toward its prometastatic arm and may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies targeting TGF-beta for non-small-cell lung carcinoma. PMID: 28375158 In response to TGF-beta, RASSF1A is recruited to TGF-beta receptor I and targeted for degradation by the co-recruited E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH. RASSF1A degradation is necessary to permit Hippo pathway effector YAP1 association with SMADs and subsequent nuclear translocation of receptor-activated SMAD2. PMID: 27292796 Smad2 is a key scaffold, allowing RIN1 to act as a GTP exchange factor for MFN2-GTPase activation to promote mitochondrial ATP synthesis and suppress superoxide production during mitochondrial fusion. PMID: 27184078 Ang down-regulate the expression of Col-I, alpha-SMA and TGF-beta1/Smad2/3 and subsequently inhibits fibroblast-myofibroblast transition. PMID: 27543459 Our findings suggest a stronger chondrogenic potential of CD105(+) SMSCs in comparison to that of CD105(-) SMSCs and that CD105 enhances chondrogenesis of SMSCs by regulating TGF-beta/Smad2 signaling pathway, but not Smad1/5. Our study provides a better understanding of CD105 with respect to chondrogenic differentiation. PMID: 27107692 the findings show that TIEG1 is highly expressed in human keloids and that it directly binds and represses Smad7 promoter-mediated activation of TGF-beta/Smad2 signaling PMID: 28108300 High expression of SMAD2 is associated with colorectal carcinoma. PMID: 27959430

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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