Recombinant Human Metallothionein-2 (MT2A) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Metallothionein-2 (MT2A) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-08237P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Metallothionein-2 (MT2A) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P02795
Target Symbol	MT2A
Synonyms	MT2A; CES1; MT2; Metallothionein-2; MT-2; Metallothionein-2A; Metallothionein-II; MT-II
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	MDPNCSCAAGDSCTCAGSCKCKECKCTSCKKSCCSCCPVGCAKCAQGCICKGASDKCSC
Expression Range	1-59aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	32.9kDa
Research Area	Epigenetics And Nuclear Signaling
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.
Protein Families	Metallothionein superfamily, Type 1 family
Database References	HGNC: 7406 OMIM: 156360 KEGG: hsa:4502 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000245185 UniGene: PMID: 28507149 There are evidence for implicating MT2A polymorphisms in the development of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma. The findings also illustrate the key role played by the MT2A gene in inducing an aggressive Schneiderian Papilloma phenotype. PMID: 28432463 MT2A A-5G polymorphism may be associated with risk of developing chronic kidney disease and diabetes. PMID: 27122239 Data suggest that genotype AA for SNP rs28366003 in MT2A is associated with higher blood zinc levels in subjects with diabetes type 2 (with chronic kidney disease) as compared to control subjects. This case-control, genetic association study was conducted in the Czech Republic. PMID: 28059470 We found a significant association of SNP rs28366003 at MT2A gene with susceptibility to the dry form of AMD in a Northern Spanish population. PMID: 28635422 Our results indicated that the rs10636 and rs28366003 polymorphisms in MT2A increased breast cancer risk in Northwest Chinese Han population. PMID: 28228606 the association of the blood lead level and HDL-C may be modified by the MT2A genetic combination PMID: 28391890 The facility of forming bead-like structures at physiological pH for Zn5-MT2a means that Zn7-MT2a can donate up to two Zn(II) to Zn-dependent enzymes. PMID: 28865957 MT2A may be a chemosensitivity indicator in gastric cancer patients receiving docetaxel-based treatment. PMID: 26801633 Underexpression of MT2A is associated with HPV-positive head and neck cancers. PMID: 26666815 HMBOX1 regulates intracellular free zinc level by interacting with MT2A to inhibit apoptosis and promote autophagy in vascular endothelial cells. PMID: 26456220 Polymorphism of Metallothionein 2A modifies Lead Body Burden in workers chronically exposed to the metal. PMID: 26594907 The findings suggest that MT2A gene variation rs28366003 may be implicated in the etiology of sinonasal inverted papilloma in a Polish population PMID: 26036762 Metallothionein 2A affects the cell respiration by suppressing the expression of mitochondrial protein cytochrome c oxidase subunit II. PMID: 25808318 Data suggest that blood metallothionein-2A (MT-2A) expression and serum MT-2A levels could be important prognostic indices of less differentiated, more aggressive breast cancer phenotype. PMID: 26093198 MT2A was down-regulated in renal cell carcinogenesis. PMID: 24662736 In the Han population of China, the gene polymorphism of MT2A-838G/C is correlated to coronary heart disease. PMID: 25555862 Electrospray ionization ion mobility mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations reveal new insights into metal-induced conformational changes and the mechanism for metalation of human metallothionein-2A. PMID: 24918957 MT2A mRNA expression has a significant inverse correlation with Cd and Cu levels in dry inverted papilloma tissue. Inverted papilloma cases with lower average cadmium and copper content were observed to be the most frequent positive MT2A mRNA expression. PMID: 25900616 A genetic variation of MT2A may be a risk factor in laryngeal cancer in a Polish population and the presence of -5 A/G (rs28366003) MT2A gene polymorphism could be considered as a new potential biomarker of the invasive phenotype of laryngeal cancer. PMID: 24952512 -5 A/G SNP in MT2A gene may have an effect on allele-specific gene expression and accumulation of metal levels in laryngeal cancer. PMID: 25157674 These data suggest that the rs28366003 single nucleotide polymorphism in MT2A is associated with risk of breast cancer in Polish population. PMID: 23053628 Low MT2A expression is associateed with lung carcinogenesis. PMID: 23947958 MT2A contributes to chemotherapy resistance in osteosarcoma, an effect partially mediated by zinc chelation. PMID: 24157868 Cotreatment with aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist and dexamethasone enhances human MT2A gene expression. PMID: 23994556 MT2A might play a tumor suppressive activity through inhibiting NF-kappaB signaling PMID: 23870553 Suggest a potential role of MT-I/II in the proliferation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells and disease progression. PMID: 23986211 MiR-23a in amplified 19p13.13 loci targets metallothionein 2A and promotes growth in gastric cancer cells. PMID: 23553990 Data suggest that up-regulation of MT2A expression in hepatic stellate cells down-regulates expression of specific biological markers (alpha-smooth muscle actin; collagen-I; collagenases) and up-regulates others (matrix metalloproteinases 1, 8, 13). PMID: 23620539 Metallothionein overexpression in cardiac myocytes is capable of abolishing an otherwise expected significant diabetic capillary basement membrane thickening. PMID: 23381845 suggest that Mt2a might be involved in insulin resistance through the up-regulation of Mt gene expression, which may lead to the modulation of insulin action in fat cells PMID: 23148893 A significant association between rs28366003 genotype and MT2A expression level is found in prostate cancer patients. PMID: 23466427 findings show 5 MT isoforms were overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer and overexpression of MT-1F and MT-2A predicted poor outcome; both isoforms may be involved in progression of this cancer type PMID: 23064051 MT-I/II expression was increased in hippocampi from temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID: 23028585 pregnant women with AG genotype for MT2A polymorphism might have high blood lead levels and their newborns may be at risk of low-level cord blood lead variation PMID: 22005883 Investigated whether MT2A gene polymorphisms are associated with a risk of prostate cancer. Three MT2A SNPs were genotyped in 358 prostate cancer cases and 406 population controls; one SNP showed a positive association with prostate cancer. PMID: 22824183 High MT2A is associated with prostate cancer. PMID: 22248277 MT2A -5A/G core promoter region single nucleotide polymorphism has an effect in accumulating placental Cd and transferring maternal to fetal essential micronutrients. PMID: 21328412 these data support that the IL-6 -174 C+ carriers and MT2A -5 G- carriers may be more advantageous for longevity. PMID: 21277639 Highly statistically significant associations are detected between the -5 adenine/guanine core promoter region single nucleotide polymorphism in the MT2A gene and cadmium, lead, and zinc (but not copper) blood levels. PMID: 21767559 Data suggest that increase in cell size, intracellular granulation and megakaryocytic specific antigen expression such as CD41 and CD42, and arresting cell proliferation validate the role of metallothioneins in cell differentiation. PMID: 20127519 MT-I/II may play a key role in IDC proliferation, but is not a useful prognostic factor of this disease PMID: 21868554 MT-2A promotes breast cancer cell invasion by upregulating MMP-9 via AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation. PMID: 21187089 metallothioneins represented by MT-2A capable of protecting against Abeta aggregation and toxicity PMID: 20711450 MT2 diminishes Transthyretin-Abeta binding, whereas MT3 has the opposite effect PMID: 20646067 The core promoter region polymorphism of metallothionein 2A increases the accumulation of Cd in human renal cortex. PMID: 20303360 A --> G single-nucleotide polymorphism was deteceted in metallothionein 2A core promoter region of Turkish population. PMID: 19572214 Transgenic mice overexpressing human metallothionein 2A from a cardiac-specific promoter were protected from doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. MT can protect the heart from oxidative injury only if it is present prior to induction of oxidative stress. PMID: 12192109 Data suggest that the physical interaction of esophageal cancer related gene 2 (ECRG2) and metallothionein 2A (MT2A) may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of esophageal cancer. PMID: 12646258 zinc ion bioavailability by zinc-bound MTs homeostasis is pivotal to reach health longevity and successful ageing. PMID: 12714254

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.