Recombinant Human IL-21 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human IL-21 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-2028NP
Availability: InStock

BL-2028NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Interleukin-21 is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Gln30-Ser162 is expressed.
Accession	Q9HBE4
Synonym	Interleukin-21; IL-21; Za11; IL21
Gene Background	IL-21 induces the production of IgG1 and IgG3 in B-cells. IL-21 may promote the transition between innate and adaptive immunity. IL-21 may have a role in proliferation and maturation of natural killer cells in synergy with IL15. IL-21 stimulates interferon gamma production in T-cells and natural killer cells by synergy with IL15 and IL18. Dysregulation of IL-21 has a role in multiple immune-mediated diseases including lupus, psoriasis and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Molecular Mass	15.6 KDa
Apmol Mass	16 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM PB, 150mM NaCl, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.001 ng/µg (0.01 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting.It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml.Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water.Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt.Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days.Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature.Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Cytokine with immunoregulatory activity. May promote the transition between innate and adaptive immunity. Induces the production of IgG(1) and IgG(3) in B-cells. Implicated in the generation and maintenance of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and the formation of germinal-centers. Together with IL6, control the early generation of Tfh cells and are critical for an effective antibody response to acute viral infection. May play a role in proliferation and maturation of natural killer (NK) cells in synergy with IL15. May regulate proliferation of mature B- and T-cells in response to activating stimuli. In synergy with IL15 and IL18 stimulates interferon gamma production in T-cells and NK cells. During T-cell mediated immune response may inhibit dendritic cells (DC) activation and maturation.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	IL-15/IL-21 family
Database References	HGNC: 6005 OMIM: 605384 KEGG: hsa:59067 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000264497 UniGene: PMID: 30106099 IL-21 can potently induce CD11c(hi)T-bet(+) B cells and promote the differentiation of these cells into Ig-secreting autoreactive plasma cells PMID: 29717110 IL-21 enhances cartilage inflammation to promote cartilage degradation through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in the cartilage of Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head patients. PMID: 29247327 SHP-2 may augment the ERK1/2 activity and cell proliferation activity in IL-21 signaling. PMID: 29503347 this study shows that Th9 cells promote antitumor immunity via IL-21 PMID: 28918288 AD patients, especially those with acute lesions, exhibited elevated serum IL-21 levels. Therefore, IL-21 might be associated with the acute aggravation of AD. PMID: 27884624 Study shows that IL-21 levels were non-specifically elevated across all febrile children, irrespective of Kawasaki disease diagnosis. PMID: 28427414 These results suggest that cetuximab treatment in combination with IL-21 adjuvant therapy in patients with EGFR-positive pancreatic cancer results in significant NK cell activation, irrespective of KRAS mutation status, and may be a potential therapeutic strategy PMID: 27435400 serum IL-21 levels at 12 weeks treatment was significantly elevated, which can predict the EVR, and contributes to individualization of antiviral therapy in HBeAg-positive CHB+NAFLD patients. PMID: 26840345 IL-23 activates gammadelta T cells in early stage PNS, which amplifies the Th17 cell population and leads to kidney injury through the secretion of IL-21. PMID: 29119640 IL-21 promotes the survival and CTLA-4 expression of Tregs and enhanced the suppressive capacity of Tregs during HIV infection. These results broaden the understanding of HIV pathogenesis and provide critical information for HIV interventions. PMID: 28043029 IL-21 are important in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis PMID: 29131072 Data show that interleukin-21-primed cytotoxic T-cell lymphocytes (CTL) with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) blockade is safe and produces durable clinical responses. PMID: 27269940 These results indicate that significant increased IL-21 expression present within the adenoma/CRC microenvironment might have a potential predicating significance for survival time in patients with CRC. PMID: 28887120 IL-21 modulates the effector functions of T, B and NK cells, which not only have key roles in antitumoral and antiviral immunity but also in exerting major effects on inflammatory responses promoting the development of autoimmune diseases. PMID: 26748727 CCL21/IL21-armed oncolytic adenovirus enhances antitumor activity against TERT-positive tumor cells. PMID: 27157859 Report efficient retroviral vector transduction of primary human natural killer cells that were stimulated by a combination of IL-2 and engineered K562 cells expressing membrane-bound IL-21 for cancer immunotherapy. PMID: 28802832 IL21 reduction in osteosarcoma patients due to PD-1 and pd-L1 mediated follicular helper T cells suppression. PMID: 28650673 this study shows that induction of IL-21 in T follicular helper cells is an indicator of influenza vaccine response in a HIV-infected pediatric cohort PMID: 28130496 IL-21 levels in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid were associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3. PMID: 27733582 the elevated level of IL-2+ and IL-21+ T cells and a positive correlation between IL-21+ cells with clinical activity index in ulcerative colitis patients may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. PMID: 28685527 these results demonstrate a novel function for IL-21 in tuning NK and CD4+ T cell interactions promoting a specific expansion of central memory lymphocytes PMID: 27233967 Combined IL-21-primed polyclonal CTL plus CTLA4 blockade controls refractory metastatic melanoma in a patient PMID: 27242164 Our work suggests that IL-21 regulates megakaryocyte development and platelet homeostasis. Thus, IL-21 may link immune responses to physiological or pathological platelet-dependent processes. PMID: 28057742 expression significantly downregulated in skin and blood of patients with tumor mycosis fungoides PMID: 26825047 this study shows that Th17/Treg imbalance and increased IL-21 are associated with liver injury in patients with chronic HBV infection PMID: 28259000 The findings of the current study indicate an association between IL-21+TFH cells and disease activity. IL-21+TFH levels may prove to be a useful marker of disease activity in OA patients. PMID: 28112376 IL-21 is involved in the pathological development of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and IL-21 could aggravate IVD degeneration by stimulating TNF-alpha through the STAT signaling pathway PMID: 28233079 Our findings suggest that the rs12508721T/C and rs2221903A/G polymorphisms of IL-21 gene are associated with the susceptibility of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic HBV infection. The genetic variant may in fact cause protection against the HBV-related HCC. PMID: 27122304 Hepatitis C virus specific IL-21 producing T cells but not IL-17A producing T Cells are associated with hepatitis C viral control in HIV/ hepatitis C virus coinfection. PMID: 27124305 this study shows that the serum levels of IL-21 are higher in Iranian diabetes type I patients compared to the healthy individuals PMID: 27611173 We characterized the expressed IL-21 gene from immune tissues of two macropod species, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), a model macropod, and the closely related endangered bridled nailtail wallaby (Onychogalea fraenata). The open reading frame of macropod IL-21 is 462 nucleotides in length and encodes a 153-mer putative protein that has 46% identity with human IL-21. PMID: 27306193 The rs2055979 C>A polymorphism of the IL-21 gene is associated with cryptorchidism susceptibility, and the C allele increases the risk of cryptorchidism in a Chinese Han population. PMID: 26990619 Polymorphisms in IL21 may be associated with sepsis risk PMID: 27295539 review on IL-21 as is a crucial cytokine associated with pemphigus PMID: 26945832 There is a strong association between IL2/IL21 rs6822844 variant and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Algerian population; this association is independent from the autoantibodies status of RA patients. PMID: 26917059 HCV infection increased the frequency of CD4+CXCR5+ T cells and decreased the frequency of CD27+IgG+ B cells. CD4+CXCR5+ T cells activated CD27+IgG+ B cells via the secretion of IL-21. PMID: 26818544 IL-21 exerts major effects on B-cell activation and differentiation or apoptosis during humoral immune responses, and also affects different subtypes of T cells. (Review) PMID: 26466984 The results suggest that IL-21 promotes migration and invasion of Rheumatoid arthritis-Fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting IL-21 might be effective for the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 26646950 IL-12 induced the generation of IL-21- and IFN-gamma-co-expressing poly-functional CD4+ T cells from human naive CD4+ T cells. PMID: 26566861 IL-21 expression is promoted by MEKK4 in malignant T cells and is associated with progression risk in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma PMID: 26802931 Human IL-21+IFN-gamma+CD4+ T cells in nasal polyps are regulated by IL-12. PMID: 26239551 CD3(+)TCRvbeta11(+) NKT cells from a local site of M. tuberculosis infection produce IL-21, express CXCR5 and CD40L, help B cells to secrete IgG and IgA, and may participate in local immune responses against M. tuberculosis infection. PMID: 26416419 IL-21 protein was higher in serum and mRNA and protein were higher in disc tissue of patients with lumbar disc herniation compared to controls. PMID: 26742440 both IL-21 rs907715 and rs2221903 polymorphisms may be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility (meta-analysis) PMID: 26345892 all Ifng+ T cells produced IL-21, but only a small percentage of highly proliferative Ifng+ T cells maintained a T-bethi phenotype PMID: 26646149 increased production in patients with more severe systemic lupus erythematosus PMID: 26358223 the minor allele T of both rs6822844 (T vs G, OR = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.67-0.78, P < 0.001) and rs6840978 (T vs C, OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.71-0.83, P < 0.001) in IL21 significantly decreased the risk of celiac disease (Meta-Analysis) PMID: 26535636 the ability of IL21 to modulate gene and miRNA expressions in CD40-activated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemiacells, was studied. PMID: 26305332 Loss of IL-21 is considered to lead to atrophied germinal centers in multicentric Castleman's disease. PMID: 26377996

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.

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Recombinant Human IL-21 Protein

Recombinant Human IL-21 Protein

Product Overview

Target Details

FAQs