Recombinant Human Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Human Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-11221P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q99988
Target Symbol	GDF15
Synonyms	GDF 15; GDF-15; Gdf15; GDF15_HUMAN; Growth differentiation factor 15; Growth/differentiation factor 15; Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1; MIC 1; Mic-1; MIC1; NAG 1; NAG-1; NAG1; NRG 1; NRG-1; NRG1; NSAID (nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug) activated protein 1; NSAID; NSAID regulated protein 1; NSAID-activated gene 1 protein; NSAID-regulated gene 1 protein; PDF; PLAB; Placental bone morphogenetic protein; Placental bone morphogenic protein; Placental TGF beta; Placental TGF-beta; Prostate differentiation factor; PTGF beta; PTGFB
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	ARNGDHCPLGPGRCCRLHTVRASLEDLGWADWVLSPREVQVTMCIGACPSQFRAANMHAQIKTSLHRLKPDTVPAPCCVPASYNPMVLIQKTDTGVSLQTYDDLLAKDCHCI
Expression Range	197-308aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	16.4 kDa
Research Area	Cardiovascular
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Regulates food intake, energy expenditure and body weight in response to metabolic and toxin-induced stresses. Binds to its receptor, GFRAL, and activates GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem. It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which constitutes part of the 'emergency circuit' that shapes feeding responses to stressful conditions. On hepatocytes, inhibits growth hormone signaling.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	TGF-beta family
Database References	HGNC: 30142 OMIM: 605312 KEGG: hsa:9518 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000252809 UniGene: PMID: 30332510 Our results provide valuable evidence that GDF15 is related with first-line chemo-resistance, with highly expressed GDF15 being a strong and an independent indicator of shorter PFS in EOC patients. PMID: 29580231 Placenta and appetite genes GDF15 and IGFBP7 are associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. PMID: 29563502 These results suggest that upregulation of NAG-1 contributes to trichostatin A-induced apoptosis in human endometriotic stromal cells. PMID: 29157123 GDF-15 is a promising biomarker for prediction of HF and death due to CHD in the general population, which may provide prognostic information to already established clinical biomarkers. PMID: 29771963 the association between GDF-15 and contrast-induced nephropathy in acute myocardial infarction patients after percutaneous coronary intervention PMID: 29791474 Age-dependent GDF-15 centile values developed from a population of apparently healthy older adults are independently predictive of all-cause mortality PMID: 29714603 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of cytokine GDF-15 presence in follicular fluid. Its concentration was not associated with donor/patient fertility status. Our data also show that GDF-15 is expressed and inducible in both normal healthy and cancerous granulosa cells, as well as in oocytes PMID: 29948426 Findings indicate that global platelet function was positively correlated with serum GDF-15 concentration. PMID: 28597461 GDF-15 in blood is more accurate in differentiating pancreatic mass due to chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic adenocarcinoma than Ca19-9. the combination of GDF-15 with Ca125 is remarkably useful in differentiating pancreatic mass. PMID: 29171983 Our results show GDF-15 as an effective biomarker in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer PMID: 29400662 This study found that the mean serum GDF15 levels in the Parkinson Disease patients were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group. Secondly, in the Parkinson Disease patients, the GDF15 levels were significantly higher in the men than in the women. PMID: 28787735 Elevated GDF-15 correlates with lack of reverse remodeling and increased mortality after TAVR and improves risk prediction of mortality. PMID: 29222133 Initial serum GDF15 level showed an inverse correlation with serum glomerular filtration rate and was associated with worse renal outcome in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. PMID: 28869715 data reveal that YAP promotes metastasis of breast cancer cells by repressing GDF15 transcription and present a novel molecular mechanism underlying the pro-metastasis function of YAP oncoprotein, with the implication of a therapeutic avenue for breast cancer treatment. PMID: 29499325 GDF15 was significantly correlated with mitochondrial disease severity and the proportion of ragged-red fibers identified in skeletal muscle. PMID: 27889897 GDF-15 serum levels were elevated in patients with Systemic sclerosis and correlated with the extent of skin fibrosis, and it was found to be higher in Systemic sclerosis patients with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis PMID: 28872977 Enhanced radiosensitivity and decreased migration in cells caused by CDP138 knockdown are partially dependent on GDF15 inhibition. PMID: 28880265 these results suggest that increased GDF-15-as observed in lungs of smokers and patients with COPD-contributes to cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation. PMID: 28145442 High GDF15 levels are associated with increased risk of major amputation and/or death in peripheral arterial disease patients. PMID: 28855167 we found that GDF-15 -3148C/G polymorphism (CC genotype) might have a correlation with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction occurrence and the formation of collateral circulation. PMID: 29489980 Data show that serum growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)levels were significantly higher in subjects with thyroid nodules compared with nodule negative subjects, and this was influenced by age. PMID: 28489602 Findings suggest that GDF15 induces tumor sphere formation through GDF15-ERK1/2-GDF15 circuits, leading to maintenance of GDF15high cancer stem-like cells. PMID: 28206960 These authors demonstrate that blocking cardiomyocyte production of GDF15 normalizes circulating GDF15 level and restores liver growth hormone signaling, establishing GDF15 as a bona fide heart-derived hormone that regulates pediatric body growth. PMID: 28572090 Authors demonstrated that GDF15 contributed to radioresistance of HNC, as determined by both gain- and lost-of-functional experiments. Authors further showed that GDF15 facilitated the conversion of cancer stemness, as assessed by the promotion of CD44+ and ALDH1+ cell populations and spheroid cell formation. PMID: 27903972 this study, for the first time, demonstrates that GDF15 is a promising target for preventing cold I/R injury in heart transplantation. This study also shows that the resultant protective effects are mediated by the Foxo3 and NFkappaB signaling pathways PMID: 28388574 High circulating GDF-15 levels are predictive of secondary cardiovascular events in women but not in men with carotid atherosclerosis. PMID: 28389123 In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high levels of GDF15 were independently associated with a higher yearly rate of exacerbations, higher mortality and increased decline in both FEV1 and FVC. PMID: 28298399 Data suggested NAG-1 protein as a crucial mediator of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) progression and resistance to the standard first-line chemotherapy against EOC, particularly in MyD88-positive ovarian cancer stem-like cells. PMID: 27708225 The GDF-15 gene rs1804826G/T polymorphism and sGDF-15 levels are associated with ischemic stroke in the Chinese population. PMID: 28526273 NSAID-activated gene 1 (NAG-1) has been assessed for its involvement in cellular integrity and pathogenesis in mucosal inflammation and carcinogenesis. [review] PMID: 28455268 showed association between high level of GDF-15, determined at the first 24 hours after acute coronary syndrome, and chronic heart failure progression after 12 months. PMID: 29099703 Results provide evidence that GDF15 contributes to the cancer-associated fibroblasts-mediated chemoprotection of AML cells. PMID: 27643489 serum GDF15 was not altered in the first trimester in women destined to develop late-onset preeclampsia. PMID: 27173615 even very small amounts of contaminating TGF-b in purified protein batches may influence the experimental results given that receptors for TGF-b are present. When we attempted to characterize possible receptors for the TGF-b superfamily ligand GDF15, striking similarities between GDF15-induced activities and known TGF-b activities were found. PMID: 29161287 In ever-smokers with COPD free of clinical CVD, GDF-15 contributes independently to subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00608764 . Registered 28 January 2008. PMID: 28245821 This is the first study showing that adolescent male swimmers have higher PTX3 levels than sedentary controls and that there is a linear relationship between PTX3 and GDF-15. PMID: 28664745 GDF-15 at 1 month after an acute coronary syndrome is related to the risk of bleeding during dual antiplatelet therapy and provides additional information on the bleeding risk beyond baseline GDF-15 levels. PMID: 28411246 NF-kappaB/GDF-15 regulatory axis is important for tumor cells in evading macrophage immune surveillance during the early stages of tumorigenesis PMID: 28891811 Our data indicated that GDF-15 plays an important role in iron metabolism in SAA. GDF-15 might be a novel target for SAA therapy. PMID: 28385068 These results suggest that rs1054564 confers allele-specific translational repression of GDF15 via hsa-miR-1233-3p. PMID: 28806401 Serum MIC-1 levels in PUL were not able to categorically diagnose EP, however, MIC-1 could distinguish women with an EP that required medical intervention and those women whose PULs spontaneously resolved PMID: 23824055 HIF-1alpha and GDF15 expression are inversely related under normoxia and hyperoxia. PMID: 28734801 PPIX concentrations correlated with both growth differentiation factor (GDF) 15 (p = 0.012) and male gender (p = 0.015). PMID: 28185024 Data show that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) knockdown significantly inhibited the growth and metastasis of cancer stem-like sphere cells (SCs) through AKT/GSK-3beta/beta-catenin pathway suppression. PMID: 28199981 epithelial restitution was promoted by enhanced NAG-1 expression and subsequent enterocyte locomotion during the early wound-healing process PMID: 27421482 serum GDF15 may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer. PMID: 26990020 These findings highlight an important contribution of GDF15 in promoting airway epithelial senescence upon cigarette smoke exposure. PMID: 27093475 The results of this study, including a robust induction of GDF-15 expression by several external factors known to elevate IOP, and rGDF-15-induced increase in contractility, cell adhesion, and the levels of ECM proteins and alphaSMA in TM cells PMID: 27918822 GDF-15 captures distinct aspects of cardiovascular disease development, progression, and prognosis, which are not represented by clinical risk predictors and other biomarkers. The usefulness of GDF-15 to guide management decisions and discover new treatment targets should be further explored. PMID: 28062617

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.

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Recombinant Human Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) Protein (His)

Recombinant Human Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) Protein (His)

Product Overview

Target Details

FAQs