Recombinant Human GADD45 alpha / GADD45A Protein (His Tag)

Name: Recombinant Human GADD45 alpha / GADD45A Protein (His Tag)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-121PC
Availability: InStock

Collections: High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	His
Accession	NM_001924.
Synonym	Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha, DNA damage-inducible transcript 1 protein, DDIT-1, GADD45A, DDIT1, GADD45.
Background	Growth arrest and DNA Damage-Inducible Protein (GADD45A) binds both Cdks and PCNA. GADD45A is involved in DNA replication and repair. GADD45A stimulates DNA excision repair in vitro and inhibits entry of cells into S phase. GADD45A may serve as a link between p53-dependent cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair. The GADD45A gene belongs to a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. GADD45A responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via MTK1/MEKK4 kinase. - GADD45A binds to proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Gadd45a binds RNA but not single- or double stranded DNA or methylated DNA in vitro. Gadd45a interacts with elongation factor 1alpha (EF-1alpha), a microtubule-severing protein that plays an important role in maintaining cytoskeletal stability.
Description	Recombinant Human GADD45 alpha / GADD45A Protein was expressed in E.coli. This protein is fused with a His tag and purified using our unique purification methods.
Source	E.coli
AA Sequence	MTLEEFSAGE QKTERMDKVG DALEEVLSKA LSQRTITVGV YEAAKLLNVD PDNVVLCLLA ADEDDDRDVA LQIHFTLIQA FCCENDINIL RVSNPGRLAE LLLLETDAGP AASEGAEQPP DLHCVLVTNP HSSQWKDPAL SQLICFCRES RYMDQWVPVI NLPER
Molecular Weight	19.4 kDa.
Purity	>95% purity by SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin	<0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Formulation	Recombinant Human GADD45 alpha / GADD45A Protein is supplied in 20mM Tris-HCl pH7.9,100mM NaCl, 0.2mM EDTA, 1mM DTT and 20% glycerol.
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Stored the protein at -70°C before use. Avoid repeated freeze thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	In T-cells, functions as a regulator of p38 MAPKs by inhibiting p88 phosphorylation and activity. Might affect PCNA interaction with some CDK (cell division protein kinase) complexes; stimulates DNA excision repair in vitro and inhibits entry of cells into S phase.
Subcellular Location	Nucleus.
Protein Families	GADD45 family
Database References	HGNC: 4095 OMIM: 126335 KEGG: hsa:1647 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000360025 UniGene: PMID: 28679648 Findings demonstrated that miR-148a promotes glioma cell invasion and tumorigenesis by downregulating GADD45A. Findings provide novel insights into how GADD45A is downregulated by miR-148a in IDH1R132H glioma PMID: 28445981 A mechanism in which GADD45a is required for demethylation of the MMP-9 promoter and the induction of diabetic wound healing. The inhibition of GADD45a might be a therapeutic strategy for diabetic foot ulcers. PMID: 29244109 Our findings indicate that GADD45 essentially suppresses the MKK7-JNK pathway and suggest that differentially expressed GADD45 family members fine-tune stress-inducible JNK activity. PMID: 29037961 Stimulation of ribosomal RNA gene promoter by transcription factor Sp1 involves active DNA demethylation by Gadd45-NER pathway. PMID: 27156884 the enhancement of GADD45A-mediated base excision repair modulated by ATF2 might be a potential protective mechanism of visible red light. PMID: 27729279 Data show that growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 alpha protein (Gadd45a) expression is up-regulated in chronic phase myelocytic leukemia, chronic (CML) patient samples but down-regulated in accelerated and blast crisis phase samples. PMID: 28086219 These data revealed that Riboflavin plus ultraviolet (UV) pathogen reduction technology effectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of lymphocytes by promoting GADD45alpha expression, which subsequently activates p38 and JNK signaling pathways. PMID: 27905125 data suggest GADD45 proteins play a role in controlling HIV-1 transcription and in regulating HIV-1 latency PMID: 26994425 Taken together, our results suggest that ROS generation might be a predisposing event in berberine-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in EBV-transformed B cells through the upregulation of XAF1 and GADD45alpha expression by MAPK and functional p53. PMID: 27121748 Collective results lead us to conclude that GADD45alpha modulates curcumin sensitivity through activation of c-Abl > JNK signaling in a mismatch repair-dependent manner PMID: 26833194 BRCA1 may act as an important negative regulator in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis through regulating the stability of Smad4; this defines a novel link that connects BRCA1 to TGF-beta1/Smad pathway. PMID: 26022109 MiR-362-5p promotes the malignancy of chronic myelocytic leukaemia via down-regulation of GADD45alpha PMID: 26545365 these data suggest a dual function of GADD45a in oxidative DNA demethylation, to promote directly or indirectly TET1 activity and to enhance subsequent 5-formylcytosine/5-carboxylcytosine removal. PMID: 26546041 These data suggest that GADD45A (1506T>C) is a new tumor susceptibility gene and could be a useful molecular marker for assessing ovarian cancer risk and for predicting ovarian cancer patient prognosis. PMID: 26422378 Data show that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A0 (hnRNPA0) drives chemo-resistance of p53-mutant tumor cells via p27Kip1/Gadd45alpha mRNAs. PMID: 26602816 GADD45A mRNA expression was significantly greater in patients with SLE compared to controls. PMID: 25899090 Report GADD45alpha luciferase reporter assays in human cells for assessing the genotoxicity of environmental pollutants. PMID: 25560476 Data showed that upregulation of cytoplasmic AFP is associated with down-regulation of GADD45a in hepatocellular neoplastic tissues and that AFP mediated downregulation of GADD45a to accelerate aberrant growth of HBV infected cells. PMID: 25846475 Serum GADD45a methylation in combination with PSA and fcDNA level was useful in distinguishing benign from prostate cancer patients. PMID: 26171936 GADD45a promoter regulation by a functional genetic variant is associated with acute mechanical lung injury. PMID: 24940746 Induction of GADD45alpha protects M17 neuroblastoma cells against MPP+. PMID: 25469469 Knockdown of Gadd45a gene abolished the G2/M arrest. PMID: 25450267 High GADD45A expression is associated with response to low intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with Kawasaki disease. PMID: 25449331 results for the first time demonstrate that nucleolin-SUMO at K294R plays a critical role in its nucleus sequestration and gadd45alpha mRNA binding activity. PMID: 25561743 Individuals carrying the GADD45Ars532446 genotype were at higher risk for chromosomal damage compared with the wild type genotype. PMID: 24464562 DNA damage-inducible transcript 1 protein(Gadd45alpha) may be involved in human trophoblast migration and invasion and may function as an important negative regulator at the foetal-maternal interface during early pregnancy PMID: 24755561 Results show TARID binds to the TCF21 promoter and recruits GADD45A and TDG to direct base excision repair for demethylation. PMID: 25087872 the present results revealed, for the first time, that Hes-1 could be SUMO-modified by PIAS1 and GADD45alpha is a novel target of Hes-1 PMID: 24894488 Expression of cell cycle regulatory factors hus1, gadd45a, rb1, cdkn2a and mre11a correlates with expression of clock gene per2 in human colorectal carcinoma tissue. PMID: 24062075 we conclude that repair, together with Gadd45 and MDM2 genes, were involved in light and dark reaction mechanisms. PMID: 24177565 the promotion of base excision repair activity by a p53-dependent pathway is mediated by an interaction between Gadd45a, PCNA and APE1 in the presence of organic selenium that results in increased APE1 activity PMID: 23846616 Gadd45a, encodes a ubiquitously expressed protein that is often induced by DNA damage and other stress signals associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. (Review) PMID: 24104470 The gadd45a gene has both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter functions, dependent on the tissue/cell type and transforming event. (Review) PMID: 24104471 The Gadd45A protein is a stress sensor in preeclampsia. PMID: 24104476 Gadd45a levels are significantly associated with hormone receptor status in human breast cancer PMID: 23706118 The absolute mRNA content of paraffin embedded samples of salivary gland cancer was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR using specific primers for NFkB1, GADD45A and JNK1. PMID: 23603344 Methylation-mediated repression of GADD45A expression is associated with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. PMID: 23616123 Data indicate that salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) demethylation in Sjogren's syndrome (SS)patients was associated with a 7-fold decrease in DNA methyl transferase DNMT1 and a 2-fold increase in Gadd45-alpha expression. PMID: 23478041 GADD45A hyper-methylation may be detecting a broader epigenetic phenotype in acute myeloid leukemia. PMID: 23187294 The expressions of p21(Cip1/WAF1), Gadd45alpha and p53 are associated with the clinicopathologic features and prognosis in breast cancer. PMID: 23158659 Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) binding site on Gadd45alpha plays a critical role in modulating the interaction with PCNA and APE1, affecting base excision repair. PMID: 23485469 reduced Gadd45alpha protein expression by forced miR-499 expression indicated it's a diabetes-associated gene which might potentially be involved in both DCM and DM-induced baroreflex dysfunction PMID: 23227140 The expression of Gadd45a in normal, developing brain is tightly regulated. PMID: 22970179 To examine the functions of Gadd45a in cell invasion and metastasis, we performed the adhesion, wound-healing and transwell assays in Gadd45a (+/+) and Gadd45a (-/-) MEF cell lines. PMID: 22825327 Hepatitis C virus NS5A repressed p53 expression, which was followed by a subsequent decrease in GADD45alpha expression, which triggered cellular proliferation. PMID: 23114628 The induction of Gadd45a in response to preeclampsia stresses was associated with the activation of its downstream effectors phospho-p38 and phospho-JNK. Soluble Flt-1 levels were subsequently regulated through one of these effectors, but not both. PMID: 22718299 the effect of APRIL is mediated via BCMA, which does not activate the classical NF-kappaB pathway, whereas it induces a novel signaling pathway, which involves JNK2 phosphorylation, FOXO3A activation, and GADD45 transcription PMID: 23071284 Estrogen receptor beta causes a G2 cell cycle arrest by inactivating CDK1 through the repression of cyclin B1 and stimulation of GADD45A and BTG2 expression. PMID: 21120602 [review] Decreased inducibility of Gadd45 members has far-reaching consequences including genome instability, DNA damage, and disorders in cellular homeostasis, which contribute to the aging process and age-related disorders. PMID: 21986581

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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