Recombinant Human D (DRD2) Protein (His&Myc)

Name: Recombinant Human D (DRD2) Protein (His&Myc)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-01731P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human D (DRD2) Protein (His&Myc) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P14416
Target Symbol	DRD2
Synonyms	DRD2; D(2 dopamine receptor; Dopamine D2 receptor
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-10His&C-Myc
Target Protein Sequence	IVLRRRRKRVNTKRSSRAFRAHLRAPLKGNCTHPEDMKLCTVIMKSNGSFPVNRRRVEAARRAQELEMEMLSSTSPPERTRYSPIPPSHHQLTLPDPSHHGLHSTPDSPAKPEKNGHAKDHPKIAKIFEIQTMPNGKTRTSLKTMSRRKLSQQKEKKATQ
Expression Range	214-373aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	25.8 kDa
Research Area	G-Protein Coupled Receptor, Receptor, Transducer
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Positively regulates postnatal regression of retinal hyaloid vessels via suppression of VEGFR2/KDR activity, downstream of OPN5.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Protein Families	G-protein coupled receptor 1 family
Database References	HGNC: 3023 OMIM: 103780 KEGG: hsa:1813 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000354859 UniGene: PMID: 30205328 this study demonstrated a protective role of D2R in neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion induced by bradykinin, especially in cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells. PMID: 30148510 DRD2 Ins/Ins (prevalence ratio (PR)=2.374, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.105-5.100; P=0.027) and DRD3 Ser/Ser genotypes (PR=1.677, 95% CI 1.077-2.611; P=0.022) were independent and predictors of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with levodopa therapy. PMID: 27779245 genetically determined differences in DAT1 and DRD2 expression modulate functional consequences of sleep deprivation. PMID: 28393838 Study represents the first comprehensive investigation of the association between both striatal and extrastriatal D2/D3 receptor binding potential with executive function and verbal learning in medication-naive (5 drug-free) patients with schizophrenia; demonstrates that lower fallypride binding potential in patients with schizophrenia may be associated with better performance. PMID: 28576546 these results suggest that among schizophrenia patients at the chronic stage, there is a relationship between Del carriers and high-dose pharmacotherapy. PMID: 28285026 DRD2 C957T significantly affects performance on executive function related tasks in healthy individuals and shows for the first time that some of these effects may be mediated through the impact of childhood traumatic events. PMID: 28523234 DRD2 gene moderates the relation between maternal history of maltreatment and infant emotion regulation. PMID: 28803562 The TAQ1A1 allele of the DRD2 gene region contributes to shortened years of survival in alcohol dependent individuals, along with age and gender. PMID: 29236941 Disruption of DRD2 promoted the proliferation of NSCLC cell lines by inhibiting the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and overexpression not only blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced cell proliferation and growth, but also inhibited the tumorigenesis in murine xenograft models. PMID: 30114693 our results indicate a reduced natural-reward brain reactivity in smokers with the B1 allele of the DRD2 Taq1B polymorphism as evidenced with the approach-avoidance task. PMID: 28364268 The G allele of DRD2 rs1800497 SNP was associated with a significant risk reduction of awake-sleep bruxism (p = 0.041). PMID: 28451935 association to the purified GHSR:D2R heteromer triggers a different active conformation of Galphai that is linked to a higher rate of GTP binding and a faster dissociation from the heteromeric receptor. PMID: 29632174 crystal structure of DRD2 in complex with the widely prescribed atypical antipsychotic drug risperidone PMID: 29466326 analysis of molecular dynamics simulations with a cumulative length of ~77 mus of D2R and D3R wild-type and their E2.65A mutants bound to SB269652 PMID: 29337986 In schizophrenia patients, presence of DRD2 Taq 1 D2D2 and 5-HT2A C516T CT genotypes in patients were more likely to be associated with non-response to risperidone. PMID: 28692863 These results led us to hypothesize the existence of functional D2-sigma1R complexes on the rat striatal DA and glutamate nerve terminals and functional D2-sigma1R-DA transporter complexes on the striatal DA terminals. PMID: 28923416 Current smokers showed lower ventral striatum levels of dopamine D2 receptors compared to non-smokers. PMID: 28643800 The glioma-initiating cells self-renewal function regulated by PRRX1 is mediated by dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2). PRRX1 directly binds to the DRD2 promoter and transactivates its expression in glioma-initiating cells. PMID: 28486630 ONC201 is a selective DRD2 antagonist that is well tolerated, achieves micromolar plasma concentrations, and is biologically active in advanced cancer patients when orally administered at 625 mg every 3 weeks PMID: 28331050 DRD2 variation is associated with fiber tract integrity between basal ganglia and frontal cortices. PMID: 28392487 The G allele of rs4654327 (OPRD1), DRD2 haplotype block CCGCCGTT (rs6277-rs1076560-rs2283265-rs2734833-rs2075652-rs1079596-rs4436578-rs11214607), and OPRD1 haplotypes TACG (rs6669447-rs2236857-rs508448-rs4654327), CG (rs508448-rs4654327), and TG (rs6669447-rs4654327) were significantly associated with heroin dependence phenotype. PMID: 28692418 The constructed models using 38 D2R ligands (in the training set) were validated with 15 additional test set compounds. The resulting model correctly predicted the pIC50 values of an additional test set compounds as true unknowns PMID: 27367058 case-control study by genotyping 7 SNPs of SLC6A2, SLC6A3 and DRD2 in 1034 schizophrenia patients and 1034 controls. No significant difference in the allelic or genotypic frequency was detected between cases and controls PMID: 28454051 Multimodal imaging results suggest that the distribution of D2/3 receptors in the posterior portion of the brain corresponds to the posterior default mode network, as well as to other functional networks to varying degrees. PMID: 28700819 typical age-related dopamine D2 receptor loss, assessed with PET [18F]fallypride, was significantly reduced in physically active adults compared to less active adults PMID: 28089678 No correlation was found between DRD2 polymorphisms and CAB responsiveness in patients with prolactinoma. More data are necessary in order to assess the influence of DRD2 genotyping on DA treatment response. PMID: 27848079 DRD2 C947T (rs6277) may be associated with better performance on select cognitive domains independent of ANKK1 following Traumatic brain injury. PMID: 27826691 The major allele A of rs2511521 located in DRD2 and the minor allele T of rs625413 located in TIRAP are significantly associated with increased risk of food addiction in overweight/obese subjects with low/zero food addiction symptoms. PMID: 28115213 finding substantiates the conclusion that the detected community represents a more connected and informative cluster of genes for the DRD2 community, and therefore better elucidates the behavior of this module of strongly related DRD2 genes PMID: 29304112 The neurotransmitter dopamine is linked to brain areas associated with reward, motivation, and attention, and common dopaminergic variants, DRD$ and DRD2 have been associated with attention difficulties. PMID: 26990357 [(123)I]IBZM SPECT results show that striatal D2/3R availability increases after long-term bariatric-surgery induced weight loss, suggesting that reduced D2/3R availability in obesity is a reversible phenomenon. PMID: 27184782 3-chlorotyramine possesses a significant affinity by the D2 -DR. PMID: 27490860 DRD2 C957T SNP influences flow proneness. PMID: 26954487 Neurotransmission through D2-type receptors in the anterior cingulate and anterior insular cortices influences capacity of emotion processing in healthy people but that this association is absent in individuals with methamphetamine dependence. PMID: 26657175 Suggest an effect of smoking on ventral striatal D2/3 dopamine receptors that may contribute to nicotine dependence. PMID: 27634830 An association has been found between the DRD2/ANKK1 gene and alcohol use, and cognition. PMID: 27399274 Data support the hypothesis of a negative influence of D2/3 receptor blockade on specific cognitive functions in schizophrenia. PMID: 26819282 the D2 receptor system is associated with electrophysiological correlates of outcome evaluation processes PMID: 27021648 DRD2/ANKK1-Taq1A gene is not a significant risk factor in the evolution of writer's cramp. PMID: 27696930 DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA allele status predicts striatal D2R specific binding as measured by D2R-selective [11C]NMB. PMID: 27241797 DRD2 Taq1A may affect antipsychotic-related PRL levels in schizophrenic patients. PMID: 27333159 Involvement of DRD2 not only in schizophrenia but also in elevated levels of blood glucose. PMID: 27254804 The most characteristic signaling pathways for B2R and D2R, dependent on intracellular Ca(2+) and cAMP concentration, respectively, were analyzed in cells presenting similar endogenous expression of B2R and D2R.The evidence of B2R-D2R dimerization may open new perspectives in the modulation of diverse cellular functions which depend on their activation. PMID: 28757212 In acute schizophrenia patients, the mRNA expression levels of DRD2 and PI3KCB were significantly lower than those in the healthy controls, while the AKT1 mRNA levels were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls. PMID: 27449010 Our data support the critical role of C957T in striatal D2/3 receptor availability. This work has implications for a number of psychiatric conditions in which dopamine signaling and variation in C957T status have been implicated, including schizophrenia and substance use disorders. PMID: 28398340 Further analysis revealed that the adenosine agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, a previously identified promoter of b cell proliferation, acted with DPD to increase the number of b cells. In humans, dopamine also modulates b cell mass through DRD2 and exerts an inhibitory effect on adenosine signaling. PMID: 27373926 Greater predicted DRD2 pathway prefrontal co-expression was associated with greater prefrontal activity and longer working memory reaction times in schizophrenic patients. PMID: 28094815 Lowering the level of cellular FLNA caused an elevation in RalA activity and resulted in selective interference with the normal intracellular trafficking and signaling of D2R through GRK2. Knockdown of FLNA or coexpression of active RalA interfered with the recycling of the internalized D2R and resulted in the development of receptor tolerance. Active RalA was found to interact with GRK2 to sequester it from D2R. PMID: 27188791 Using the human glycosylated native conformational D2R, study shows the importance of D2R extracellular N-terminus in regulating receptor availability at the cell surface, human anti-D2R antibody binding, and potential pathogenic mechanisms of these antibodies. PMID: 27908295

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.