Recombinant Human Cystatin A Protein (His Tag)

Name: Recombinant Human Cystatin A Protein (His Tag)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLPSN-1527
Availability: InStock

Collections: Other recombinant proteins, Recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Tag	His
Host Species	Human
Accession	P01040
Synonym	AREI, STF1, STFA
Background	Cystatin-A, also known as Cystatin-AS, Stefin-A and CSTA, is a cytoplasm protein which belongs to thecystatin family. Cystatin-A / CSTA is a cysteine proteinase inhibitor with a molecular mass of 11 kDa, and is located mainly in the keratohyaline granules of the stratum granulosum and the cornified envelope of the stratum corneum in the epidermis. The cystatins are a family of cysteine protease inhibitors with homology to chicken cystatin. Cystatins are physiological inhibitors of cysteine proteinases which are widely distributed in human tissues and fluids. Cystatins typically comprise about 115 amino acids, are largely acidic, contain four conserved cysteine residues known to form two disulfide bonds. Cystatins may be glycosylated and / or phosphorylated, with similarity to fetuins, kininogens, stefins, histidine-rich glycoproteins and cystatin-related proteins. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired inhibitory activity. Cystatins mainly inhibit peptidases belonging to peptidase families C1 (papain family) and C13 (legumain family).
Description	A DNA sequence encoding the human CSTA (P01040) (Ile 2-Phe 98) was expressed with a His tag at the N-terminus.
Source	E.coli
Predicted N Terminal	Met
AA Sequence	Ile 2-Phe 98
Molecular Weight	The recombinant human CSTA consisting of 108 a.a. and has a calculated molecular mass of 12.4 KDa. It migrates as an approximately 14 kDa band in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.
Purity	>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin	Please contact us for more information.
Bioactivity	Please contact us for detailed information
Formulation	Lyophilized from sterile 50mM Tris, 1mM EDTA, pH 7.5.
Stability	The recombinant proteins are stable for up to 1 year from date of receipt at -70°C.
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Store the protein under sterile conditions at -20°C to -80°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	This is an intracellular thiol proteinase inhibitor. Has an important role in desmosome-mediated cell-cell adhesion in the lower levels of the epidermis.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm.
Protein Families	Cystatin family
Database References	HGNC: 2481 OMIM: 184600 KEGG: hsa:1475 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000264474 UniGene: Hs.518198
Associated Diseases	Peeling skin syndrome 4 (PSS4)
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in the skin throughout the epidermis.

Gene Functions References

High levels of CSTA expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma were correlated with tumor progression and advanced cancer stage, including lymph node metastasis. PMID: 29642180
UV phototoxicity-induced pre-elafin inside keratinocytes prior to cornified envelope formation could be involved in UV-induced keratinocyte apoptosis via cystatin-A downregulation resulting in pro-caspase-3 activation. PMID: 28119996
Identify myoepithelial cell stefin A as a suppressor of early tumor invasion and a candidate marker to distinguish patients who are at low risk of developing invasive breast cancer. PMID: 29086922
Expression of CSTA was detected in some tumor tissues and many tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Cathepsin B expression was also observed in most tumor tissues and tumor-infiltrating immune cells PMID: 28898495
The results suggest that C12orf39, CSTA, and CALCB are novel ATF4 target genes, and that C12orf39 promoter activity is activated by ATF4 through amino acid response element. PMID: 26967115
CSTA/TYROBP gene interaction might play pivotal roles in the occurrence and development of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis . PMID: 26676054
High expression of stefin A may be an important factor contributing to the development and metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PMID: 26753874
Both MIP-3alpha and cystatin A overexpressions in NPC tumor tissues were strong independent factors of poor prognosis in NPC patients. PMID: 26634210
a novel pathway of CSTA regulation involving Dsg2 PMID: 25785582
We identified a homozygous nonsense mutation (p.Lys22X) in the CSTA gene in acral peeling skin syndrome. PMID: 23534700
High levels of bioactive recombinant stefins A and B can be produced by fermentation in P. pastoris. PMID: 23656633
Data indicate that desmoplakin (DSP) and cystatin A (CSTA) interaction and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and syndecan 1 (SDC1) interaction were observed in protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. PMID: 23546957
Imiquimod suppresses propagation of herpes simplex virus 1 by upregulation of cystatin A via the adenosine receptor A1 pathway PMID: 22787201
findings provide a new molecular understanding of the mechanisms of MYOC-causative glaucoma and reveal CSTA, a serum biomarker for cancer, as a potential biomarker and drug for the treatment of MYOC-induced glaucoma PMID: 22615763
study identified loss-of-function mutations in the gene for protease inhibitor cystatin A as the underlying genetic cause of exfoliative ichthyosis PMID: 21944047
CSTA significantly increases the risk of developing psoriasis in HLA-Cw6 individuals PMID: 21412248
Findings establish that genetic variability, smoking, and COPD all influence CSTA expression, as does SCC, supporting the concept that CSTA may make pivotal contributions to NSCLC pathogenesis in early and late stages of disease development. PMID: 21325429
A higher pretreated serum level of cystatin A was found to be associated with a higher nodal stage and poorer prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. PMID: 20461718
Up-regulation of stefin A, an endogenous inhibitor of cathepsin S, was found in inverted papilloma tissues as compared with its expression level in normal sinus mucosa tissues. PMID: 21038029
Cystatin A binds reduced forms of mite group 1 allergens Der f 1 and Der p 1, in which the cysteine residue at the catalytic center of the protease activity is reduced by treatment with L-cysteine but does not bind oxidized forms. PMID: 19933866
crystal structure in complex with cathepsin H PMID: 12581647
The 1,25(OH)(2)D3-responsive element in cystatin A gene is identical to TRE, T2 (-272 to -278). Suppression of Raf-1/MEK1/ERK1,2 signaling pathway increases cystatin A expression of normal human keratinocytes. PMID: 12682854
backbone dynamics of the monomeric and domain-swapped dimeric forms of stefin A by (15)N relaxation using a model-free approach PMID: 14747998
By using ThT fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy (AFM), it has been shown that human stefins A and B (subfamily A of cystatins) form amyloid fibrils PMID: 15048832
No association with psoriasis susceptibility PMID: 15175029
Chimeras of stefinA and B have been prepared and guanidine denaturation curves and folding rates have been examined. PMID: 16342276
only stefins A and B, i.e. type I cystatins, are up-regulated in lung tumours and thus able to counteract harmful tumour-associated proteolytic activity PMID: 16969475
Cystatin A suppresses UVB-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes by the inhibition of caspase 3 activation. PMID: 17412564
+344C allele associated with unstable mRNA could result in failing to protect the skin barrier in atopic dermatitis patients from both exogenous and endogenous proteases. PMID: 17441792
We conclude that Stefin A expression reduces distant metastasis in breast cancer and propose that this may be due to the inhibition of cysteine cathepsins, such as cathepsin B. PMID: 17985332
CSTA TCC haplotype is only associated with psoriasis in those individuals carrying the risk allele at the HLA-Cw6 locus PMID: 18364739
expression of cystatin A is regulated via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways positively by Ras/MEKK1/MKK7/JNK and negatively by Ras/Raf/MEK1/ERK. PMID: 11451947

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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