Recombinant Human CNTF Protein

Name: Recombinant Human CNTF Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1631SG
Availability: InStock

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Product Overview

Tag	N/A
Host Species	Human
Accession	P26441
Synonym	Ciliary neutrophic factor
Background	CNTF is found predominantly in peripheral nerve tissues. The main source appears to be myelin-associated Schwann cells in peripheral nerves and astrocytes in the central nervous system. CNTF is present at very high concentrations within intraocular tissues that contain the same muscle cells innervated by ciliary ganglionic neurons in vivo. CNTF receptors are expressed exclusively in the nervous system and skeletal muscle. The alpha subunit of the receptor is anchored to the cell membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol linkage. The other receptor subunit, known as gp130, is also a component of receptors for LIF, Oncostatin M, IL-6 and IL-11, and seems to be involved also in signaling for CT-1. CNTF induces the expression of genes encoding hepatic acute phase proteins such as Haptoglobin, Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, Alpha-2-Macroglobulin and Beta-fibrinogen in human hepatoma cells (HepG2) and in primary rat hepatocytes with a time course and dose-response comparable with that of IL-6.
Description	Recombinant Human CNTF was produced in E. coli. This protein is purified with our unique purification methods.
Source	E.coli
Molecular Weight	22.0 kDa
Purity	For specific purity information on a given lot, see related COA.
Endotoxin	< 1.0 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method
Formulation	Recombinant protein is supplied in 50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50mM NaCl, 10mM Glutathione, 0.25mM DTT, 0.1mM EDTA, 0.1mM PMSF and 25% glycerol.
Stability	The recombinant protein is stable for up to 12 months at -70°C
Usage	For Research Use Only
Storage	Recombinant Human CNTF Protein should be stored should be stored at < -70°C. It is recommended that the protein be aliquoted for optimal storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Target Details

Target Function	CNTF is a survival factor for various neuronal cell types. Seems to prevent the degeneration of motor axons after axotomy.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm.
Protein Families	CNTF family
Database References	HGNC: 2169 OMIM: 118945 KEGG: hsa:1270 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000355370 UniGene: PMID: 29564604 Cytokines of the LIF/CNTF family and metabolism PMID: 26817395 High hydrostatic pressure enables almost 100% refolding of recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor from inclusion bodies at high concentration. PMID: 28323167 CNTFR-specific mutants of CNTF have been developed that bind to the CNTFRalpha-LIFRbeta-gp130 receptor. PMID: 26187860 Human CNTF expression through lentiviral gene transfer in the rat striatum significantly decreased the levels of neuronal metabolites (N-acetyl-aspartate, N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate, and glutamate). PMID: 25833344 the biological effects of CNTF on retinoic acid (RA)-predifferentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and the underlying molecular mechanism of this effect were investigated for the first time PMID: 25118897 R28E mutation in CNTF abrogatesIL-6 receptor-dependent but retains CNTF receptor-dependent signaling via glycoprotein 130/ LIFR. PMID: 24802752 In this review, CNTF plays an important role in neurogenesis and differentiation of neural stem cells. PMID: 23948898 The levels of expression and secretion of BDNF and CTNF of induced cells were assessed using immunocytochemical, Real-Time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PMID: 23944834 CNTF elevated in umbilical cord blood from pre-eclamptic pregnancies PMID: 23654315 CNTF-mediated protection of photoreceptors requires initial activation of the cytokine receptor gp130 in Muller glial cells. PMID: 24191003 Report favourable allelic patterns of ACTN3 and CNTF genes on aerobic performance in athletes. PMID: 23676962 Data indicate that aspirin increased mRNA and protein expression of CNTF in primary mouse and human astrocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. PMID: 23653362 we show that the release of CNTF by glial cells is a very powerful stimulus for optic fiber regeneration and retinal ganglion cell survival after optic nerve crush PMID: 23194670 Ciliary neurotrophic factor levels were increased in painful PTT only. PMID: 22337942 Peptide 6c, corresponding to human CNTF amino acid residues 147-150, induces neurogenesis, neuronal activity and proliferation of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus and improvement of spatial reference memory in mice. PMID: 20952820 CNTF's effects on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) physiology PMID: 21912637 Data show that variants in CNTF were significantly associated with a lower age at onset of the eating disorders. PMID: 20219210 The role played by CNTF in retinal cell differentiation and survival in retinal progenitors, is reported. PMID: 20428961 Ciliary neurotrophic factor, and related (CNTF), ligands targeting the established CNTF receptor alpha, binds to sortilin with high affinity. PMID: 20584990 In women the CNTF polymorphism (odds ratio (OR) = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.27-3.64, p = 0.004) are associated with weight gain. PMID: 19833146 Studies indicate that leptin, CNTF, LIF and IL-6 present similar three-dimensional fold structure, interact with related class-I receptors and activate similar intracellular pathways. PMID: 19751193 A null mutation in this protein was evaluated for a relationship to disease susceptibility and disease severity in patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID: 11857064 Association of a null mutation in the CNTF gene with early onset of multiple sclerosis. PMID: 11890844 Early onset of severe familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with a SOD-1 mutation: potential impact of CNTF as a candidate modifier gene. PMID: 11951178 CTNF binds to the IL-6 receptor and has a role in neuroprotection PMID: 12643274 no evidence found to suggest that ciliary neurotrophic factor is involved in the pathogenesis of pelvic endometriosis PMID: 12890930 Constitutive expression of cytokines in brain induces changes in gene expression characteristic of chronic inflammation leading to either temporal weight reduction (CNTF) or severe cachexia (leukemia inhibitory factor). PMID: 14715713 Results do not support an effect of the CNTF null allele on body composition, contrary to previous findings. PMID: 14747836 findings support the hypothesis that CNTF and leptin engage distinct CNS sites and CNTF possesses inflammatory properties distinct from leptin PMID: 15047605 In spite of axokine gene expression in retinal pigment epithelium, no photoreceptor rescue in retinal degeneration mice. PMID: 15180291 myogenic lineage-committed human myoblasts can dedifferentiate at a clonal level; CNTF is a novel regulator of skeletal myoblast dedifferentiation via p44/p42 MAPK pathway PMID: 15843428 CNTF negatively regulates phototransduction, which reduces the photoresponsiveness of rods, resulting in lower electroretinogram amplitudes following light stimulus. PMID: 17192435 Possible neuroprotective role of CNTF in the optic nerve head. PMID: 17563726 We conclude that absence of CNTF does not increase susceptibility for neurodegenerative disorders and confirm that it does not affect onset and course of familial and sporadic ALS. PMID: 17651970 Continuous expression of striatal CNTF at the dose mediated by the expression cassette used in this study was detrimental to transgenic mice with Huntington's disease. PMID: 18293418 The relative treatment benefit of iloperidone compared with placebo in patients with schizophrenia is enhanced in patients homozygous G/G for the rs1800169 polymorphism of CNTF. PMID: 18303965 In vivo and in vitro experiments implicate CNTF as an endogenous regulatory component of dopamine D2-receptor-dependent neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. (Review) PMID: 18524890 CNTF-mediated signaling is a molecular switch for neuronal versus glial differentiation of retinal stem cells/progenitors. PMID: 18669911 Ciliary neurotrophic factor, cardiotrophin-like cytokine, and neuropoietin share a conserved binding site on the ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha chain PMID: 18728012 PTP-1B constitutes a key divergent element between leptin/insulin and CNTF signaling pathways at the neuronal level. PMID: 19008309 Certain SNP patterns in VDR and CNTF genes showed better improvement of parameters associated with the effects of low-resistance training using exercise machines as analyzed by comparison between SNP patterns and factor analysis. PMID: 19082510 The results of this study provided further evidence that the production of ciliary neurotrophic factor by Schwann cells is markedly reduced in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A neuropathy. PMID: 19525893 Fusion of HIV-1 TAT to CNTF may have modified the CNTF capacity to induce intracellular signaling in hypothalamic neurons. PMID: 19573019 The CNTF 1357 G --> A polymorphism explains only a small portion of the variability in the muscle strength response to training in women. PMID: 19628720 An interaction between apoE3 and CNTF occurs with both delipidated apeE3 and apoE3 found within a lipoprotein particle in cerebrospinal fluid. This interaction potentiates the survival-promoting activity of CNTF for hippocampal neurons. PMID: 9236223

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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