Recombinant Human Cathepsin B (CTSB) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Cathepsin B (CTSB) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-03594P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Cathepsin B (CTSB) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P07858
Target Symbol	CTSB
Synonyms	Amyloid precursor protein secretase; APP secretase; APPS; CATB_HUMAN; Cathepsin B heavy chain; Cathepsin B1; CathepsinB; CPSB; CTSB; cysteine protease; OTTHUMP00000116009; OTTHUMP00000229510; OTTHUMP00000229511; OTTHUMP00000229512; OTTHUMP00000229514; OTTHUMP00000229515; OTTHUMP00000229516; Preprocathepsin B
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	ASFDAREQWPQCPTIKEIRDQGSCGSCWAFGAVEAISDRICIHTNAHVSVEVSAEDLLTCCGSMCGDGCNGGYPAEAWNFWTRKGLVSGGLYESHVGCRPYSIPPCEHHVNGSRPPCTGEGDTPKCSKICEPGYSPTYKQDKHYGYNSYSVSNSEKDIMAEIYKNGPVEGAFSVYSDFLLYKSGVYQHVTGEMMGGHAIRILGWGVENGTPYWLVANSWNTDWGDNGFFKILRGQDHCGIESEVVAGIPRTD
Expression Range	82-333aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	54.6kDa
Research Area	Neuroscience
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Thiol protease which is believed to participate in intracellular degradation and turnover of proteins. Cleaves matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein MEPE. Involved in the solubilization of cross-linked TG/thyroglobulin in the thyroid follicle lumen. Has also been implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis.
Subcellular Location	Lysosome. Melanosome. Secreted, extracellular space. Apical cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Extracellular side.
Protein Families	Peptidase C1 family
Database References	HGNC: 2527 OMIM: 116810 KEGG: hsa:1508 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000342070 UniGene: PMID: 29935187 expression of cathepsin B and X was detected in stromal cells and cancer cells throughout the glioblastoma (GBM) sections, whereas cathepsin K expression was more restricted to arteriole-rich regions in the GBM sections. Metabolic mapping showed that cathepsin B, but not cathepsin K is active in GSC niches. PMID: 30046941 we evaluated the involvement of cathepsin B and X in the TGF-b1 signaling pathway, one of the key signaling mechanisms triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer. In MCF-7 cells the expression of cathepsin B was shown to depend on their activation with TGF-b1 while, for cathepsin X, a TGF-b1 independent mechanism of induction during EMT is indicated. PMID: 28495172 these data suggest that apoptosis is induced by increasing lysosomal membrane permeability and leakage of CTSB into cytoplasm. PMID: 28478025 These findings indicate that Cathepsin B (CTSB), may be an important prognostic biomarker for late stage colorectal cancer (CRC)and cases with lymph node metastases in the Middle Eastern population. Monitoring serum CTSB in CRC patients may predict and/or diagnose cases with lymph node metastases. PMID: 28440429 Findings from this community-based cohort of young children show that surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease such as total fat mass, percent body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution, maximal oxygen uptake and pulse pressure were all associated with cystatin B. This was not found for cathepsin L or cathepsin D PMID: 29149174 Interruption of either CCL2-CCR2 signaling or cathepsin B function significantly impaired perineural invasion (PNI). PMID: 28951461 Data suggest that expression of CTSB in human glioblastoma cell line can be modulated by dietary factors; here, caffeine decreases tumor size and CTSB expression in mouse xenograft model of glioblastoma; note that caffeine, normally a dietary component, was administered via intraperitoneal injection in these studies. PMID: 27260469 SNPs in NLRP3 and CTSB, associated with an increased NLRP3-inflammasome activation, are protective against the development of active pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID: 27101784 cathepsin B activity assays identified secreted cathepsin B as responsible for apoA-I cleavage at Ser(228) Importantly PMID: 27630170 ctsB enhanced neutrophil migration though a putative effect on pseudopod retraction rates. PMID: 28389621 We have shown that keratolytic winter erythema in South African and Norwegian families is caused by two different tandem duplications in a non-coding genomic region upstream of CTSB. PMID: 28457472 CtsB/L as major regulators of lysosomal function and demonstrate that CtsB/L may play an important role in intracellular cholesterol trafficking and in degradation of the key AD proteins PMID: 27902765 in CTSB knockout (KO) mice, running did not enhance adult hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory function. Interestingly, in Rhesus monkeys and humans, treadmill exercise elevated CTSB in plasma. PMID: 27345423 Report non-proteolytic cathepsin B functiona in tumor cell lines. PMID: 27526672 cathepsin B (CTSB) inhibition or expression of a CTSB-resistant Dab2 mutant maintains Dab2 expression and shifts long-term TGF-beta-treated cells from autophagy to apoptosis PMID: 27398911 cathepsin L and cathepsin B as the lysosomal cysteine proteases that activate the PEDV spike. PMID: 27729455 Results showed an increase level of CTSL, and CTSB in dilated cardiomyopathy patients which correlates with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. PMID: 28074340 Gene expression level of genes of CTSB is significantly higher in AD patients when compared to normal controls. PMID: 26943237 Serum CTSB and CTSD concentrations were found to have a diagnostic value in NPC. However, the CTSB and CTSD serum levels had no prognostic role for the outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. PMID: 26995190 CTSB might be involved in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 26896959 Cathepsin B knockdown in oral cancer cells reduces cell migration. PMID: 27031837 the authors applied the technique of nanoelectrode arrays to try to detect and compare cathepsin B activities in normal and breast cancer cells. It was found that protease activity correlated positively with the degree of malignancy cancer cells. PMID: 25959927 shedding of surface proteins by extracellular cathepsins impacts intracellular signaling as demonstrated for regulation of Ras GTPase activity. PMID: 26081835 High cathepsin is associated with drug resistance in neuroblastoma. PMID: 25883214 The expressions of cathepsin B strongly correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination scores of the Alzheimer disease. patients PMID: 25502766 Integrin alphavbeta3 is required for cathepsin B-induced hepatocellular carcinoma progression PMID: 25572981 The serum level of cathepsin L decreased with age, while cathepsin B remained no significant difference between young and aged individuals PMID: 25991043 Cathepsins B and L activity correlates with the efficiency of reovirus-mediated tumor cell killing. PMID: 25633482 enhanced activity and expression of cathepsin B contributes to an increased remodelling of extracellular matrix that favours leiomyoma growth PMID: 25577554 SCD5 impairs SPARC and cathepsin B secretion in human melanoma cells and intracellular pH acidification. PMID: 25802234 data suggest that CTSB is a pathophysiologically relevant protease that activates ENaC in cystic fibrosis airways PMID: 25260629 Cathepsin B activity is increased in blood and CSF from HIV-infected cocaine users. PMID: 25209871 CB was highly upregulated in human ESCC and its precursor lesions. The elevated CB expression in ESCC allowed in vivo and in vitro detection of ESCC xenografts in nude mice. PMID: 24618814 Inactivation of tristetraprolin in chronic hypoxia provokes the expression of cathepsin B PMID: 25452305 A4383C and C76G SNP in Cathepsin B is respectively associated with the high risk and tumor size of hepatocarcinoma. PMID: 25106406 Overexpression of uPAR and cathepsin B increases expression of cytosolic p-JNK. PMID: 24699410 Study shows that CTSB overexpression in the cancer cells increases growth of invasive ductal carcinoma in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. PMID: 24077280 Cathepsin B (CB) substantially contributes to the invasive phenotype of FLS that leads to joint destruction in RA. PMID: 24749816 Cathepsin D and B activities in the serum of patients with urothelial bladder cancer are directly proportional to disease severity and significantly higher compared with control group. PMID: 25095637 Cathepsin B produces full-length amyloid-beta (Ab(1-40/42)) and pyroglutamate amyloid-beta (pyroGluAb(3-40/42) and is a key drug target for treating Alzheimer's disease by reducing these amyloid-beta species PMID: 24595198 Cathepsin B is a key drug target for reducing the brain damage and improving neuromuscular dysfunction resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI). PMID: 24083575 Correlation between higher CTSB expression and lower survival rate in human lung squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 24139065 archazolid reduces the activity of prometastatic proteases like cathepsin B in vitro and in vivo. PMID: 24166050 These observations point to a critical regulatory role for that endogenous CD activity in dopaminergic cells in alpha-synuclein homeostasis which cannot be compensated for by increased Cathepsin B. PMID: 24138030 Data indicate that wild type and mutant amyloid precursor proteins (APP) expression enhances the induction in cathepsin B after administration of proteasome inhibitor MG132. PMID: 24215712 Data suggest that CTSB (cathepsin B) and CTSL (cathepsin L) of the autophagic-lysosomal proteolytic system are involved as the main proteolytic system in skeletal muscle during cancer cachexia development in patients with esophageal cancer. PMID: 24108784 Depletion of Cathepsin B in vitro inhibited cell proliferation. PMID: 23708264 Increased concentrations of cathepsins B, D and G in the proliferative eutopic endometrium may play a role in the implantation of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. PMID: 23466190 High cathepsin expression is associated with dysplasia and colitis-associated cancer. PMID: 23591598

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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