Recombinant Human Bifunctional 3'-5' Exonuclease/Atp-Dependent Helicase Wrn (WRN) Protein (MBP&His)

Name: Recombinant Human Bifunctional 3'-5' Exonuclease/Atp-Dependent Helicase Wrn (WRN) Protein (MBP&His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-07542P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Bifunctional 3'-5' Exonuclease/Atp-Dependent Helicase Wrn (WRN) Protein (MBP&His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q14191
Target Symbol	WRN
Synonyms	(DNA helicase, RecQ-like type 3)(RecQ3)(Exonuclease WRN)(RecQ protein-like 2)
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-MBP&C-6His
Target Protein Sequence	NLGLPTKEEEEDDENEANEGEEDDDKDFLWPAPNEEQVTCLKMYFGHSSFKPVQWKVIHSVLEERRDNVAVMATGYGKSLCFQYPPVYVGKIGLVISPLISLMEDQVLQLKMSNIPACFLGSAQSENVLTDIKLGKYRIVYVTPEYCSGNMGLLQQLEADIGITLIAVDEAHCISEWGHDFRDSFRKLGSLKTALPMVPIVALTATASSSIREDIVRCLNLRNPQITCTGFDRPNLYLEVRRKTGNILQDLQPFLVKTSSHWEFEGPTIIYCPSRKMTQQVTGELRKLNLSCGTYHAGMSFSTRKDIHHRFVRDEIQCVIATIAFGMGINKADIRQVIHYGAPKDMESYYQEIGRAGRDGLQSSCHVLWAPADINLNRHLLTEIRNEKFRLYKLKMMAKMEKYLHSSRCRRQIILSHFEDKQVQKASLGIMGTEKCCDNCRSRLDHC
Expression Range	500-946aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	94.6 kDa
Research Area	Epigenetics And Nuclear Signaling
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Multifunctional enzyme that has both magnesium and ATP-dependent DNA-helicase activity and 3'->5' exonuclease activity towards double-stranded DNA with a 5'-overhang. Has no nuclease activity towards single-stranded DNA or blunt-ended double-stranded DNA. Binds preferentially to DNA substrates containing alternate secondary structures, such as replication forks and Holliday junctions. May play an important role in the dissociation of joint DNA molecules that can arise as products of homologous recombination, at stalled replication forks or during DNA repair. Alleviates stalling of DNA polymerases at the site of DNA lesions. Important for genomic integrity. Plays a role in the formation of DNA replication focal centers; stably associates with foci elements generating binding sites for RP-A. Plays a role in double-strand break repair after gamma-irradiation.
Subcellular Location	Nucleus, nucleolus. Nucleus. Nucleus, nucleoplasm. Chromosome.
Protein Families	Helicase family, RecQ subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 12791 OMIM: 114500 KEGG: hsa:7486 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000298139 UniGene: PMID: 28276523 The acidic domain of WRNp was shown to affect the transcription of certain proteins involved in autophagy and aging. PMID: 29800817 Data suggest that Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) promotes classical (c)-nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) via helicase and exonuclease activities and inhibits alternative (alt)-NHEJ using non-enzymatic functions. PMID: 27922005 A CDK1-dependent regulation of the WRN-DNA2-mediated resection and identify a new function of WRN as a DSB repair pathway switch are reported. PMID: 27634057 In the Title. PMID: 28012115 Data show that helicases RHAU, BLM, and WRN exhibit distinct G-quadruplex (GQ) conformation specificity, but use a common mechanism of repetitive unfolding that leads to disrupting GQ structure multiple times in succession. PMID: 27407146 there was no consistent association between WRN promoter hypermethylation and loss of WRN expression at the mRNA or protein level in CRC cell lines or tumors. PMID: 27121793 Low WRN expression is associated with aggressive tumor phenotype in breast cancer. PMID: 26959889 WRN is essential for survival of ATLL cells PMID: 27829440 The authors show that the helicase of hDNA2 functionally integrates with BLM or WRN helicases to promote double-stranded DNA degradation by forming a heterodimeric molecular machine. This collectively suggests that the human DNA2 motor promotes the enzyme's capacity to degrade double-stranded DNA in conjunction with BLM or WRN and thus promote the repair of broken DNA. PMID: 27612385 In meta-analyses including 59,190 individuals in 5 studies, the hazard ratio for ischemic stroke for C1367R TT homozygotes versus CC/CT was 1.14 . The study suggests that common genetic variation in WRN is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in the general population. PMID: 28063943 The findings suggest that the epidermis is among the tissue types that do not display symptoms of premature ageing caused by loss of function of wrn. This is in support that Werner's syndrome is a segmental progeroid syndrome. PMID: 27492502 Active control of repetitive structural transitions between replication forks and Holliday junctions by WRN has been reported. PMID: 27427477 Evaluation of localization of WRN signals demonstrated that WRN does not leave the nucleolus after irradiation. The WRN signal was not detected at the telomere sides, but H2AX was detected at the telomeric sides. Thus, the WRN protein is not involved in irradiation-induced DNA damage/repair, even at telomeric sides in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and hMSC-telomere 1. PMID: 28436335 The proportion of compound heterozygotes (31.8%) was significantly greater than reported previously (14.2%), indicating that the incidence of consanguineous marriage of parents has decreased. One novel mutant allele was identified in an individual with the compound heterozygous genotype. PMID: 28394436 In humans, mutations in WRN give rise to Werner syndrome characterized by premature development of features associated with aging. PMID: 27238185 Werner syndrome is a prototypical segmental progeroid syndrome characterized by multiple features consistent with accelerated aging. It is caused by null mutations of the WRN gene, which encodes a member of the RECQ family of DNA helicases. PMID: 26993153 Our results identify the human WRN RECQ protein as a G4 helicase that modulates gene expression in G4-dependent fashion at many chromosomal sites and provide several new and unexpected mechanistic insights into Werner syndrome (WS) disease pathogenesis PMID: 26984941 WRN or the Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) stimulates DNA polymerase delta progression across telomeric G-rich repeats, only WRN promotes sequential strand displacement synthesis and FEN1 cleavage. PMID: 27849570 This study identified residues in the WRN RQC domain that are involved specifically in the interaction with G-quadruplex DNA. PMID: 28069813 findings indicate that WRN interacts with HDACs 1 and 2 to facilitate activity of stalled replication forks under conditions of replication stress. PMID: 27672210 We found statistically significant association with AAO for three genes (WRN, NTN4 and LAMC3) with common associated variants. PMID: 26394601 Finfings indicate a role for Werner syndrome helicase WRN as a modulator of DNA repair, replication, and recombination. PMID: 26695548 The WRN Cys1367Arg (T>C) polymorphism is not associated with overall cancer risk, although subgroup analyses suggested an association with breast cancer and overall cancer specifically in European populations. [meta-analysis] PMID: 25468760 The CC genotype of WRN rs1346044 may contribute to an increased risk and a premature onset of breast cancer. PMID: 26690424 Japanese subjects bearing at least one A allele of rs2230009 of the WRN gene are at a significantly higher risk of femoral fracture, possibly due to decreased bone density. PMID: 25637295 WRN prefers to act on DNA strand invasion intermediates in a manner that favours strand invasion and exchange. PMID: 26420422 we provide a proof of concept for applying the external guide sequence (EGS) approach in directing an RNase P RNA to efficiently cleave the WRN mRNA in cultured human cell lines. PMID: 26808708 Multiplex genetic testing of 90 cancer susceptibility genes disclosed a novel WRN frameshift mutation (p.N1370Tfs*23) in a mother and her 2 daughters with cancer and in the youngest unaffected daughter. PMID: 26241669 PARylation is involved in the recruitment of RECQL5 and WRN to laser-induced DNA damage and RECQL5 and WRN have differential responses to PARylated PARP1 and Poly(ADP-ribose). PMID: 26391948 WRN knockdown decreased the G(O):A-induced A:T --> C:G mutations, suggesting that WRN may enhance the mutations caused by G(O) in the nucleotide pool PMID: 25730140 a significant interaction with risk of overall Non Hodgkin lymphoma was observed between WRN rs1346044 and hair dye use before 1980. PMID: 25178586 knockdown of WRN reduced TNF-alpha stimulation-induced activation of the endogenous promoter of IL-8, an NF-kappaB-responsive gene, and WRN increased its association with the IL-8 promoter region together with RelA/p50 after TNF-alpha stimulation PMID: 26037922 Data indicate that Werner syndrome helicase (WRN)-mediated DNA repair is regulated by SIRT1 deacetylase. PMID: 25801465 A nonenzymatic role for WRN in preserving nascent DNA strands following replication stress, is reported. PMID: 25456133 our results provide first indication of nonredundant participation of WRN and RECQ1 in protection from potentially carcinogenic effects PMID: 25228686 The extent to which heterozygosity at the WRN locus may modify the effect of biallelic SAMHD1 mutations is unknown. PMID: 24989684 Data suggest that Werner protein (WRNp) may have a role in controlling autophagy and hereby cellular maintenance. PMID: 25257404 The FEN1 E359K germline mutation disrupts the FEN1-WRN interaction and FEN1 GEN activity, causing aneuploidy-associated cancers. PMID: 24608430 Results show increased autophagy in WRN knockdown cells; this was further increased by short-term rapamycin treatment. PMID: 24308646 results are consistent with proposed metabolic roles for WRN and genomic instability phenotypes associated with WRN deficiency PMID: 24965941 The study demonstrated that helicase/ATPase and exonuclease activities of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified WRN protein were inhibited both in vitro and in immunocomplexes purified from the cell extracts. PMID: 25170083 Using long-term siRNA knockdown of WRN in three ALT cell lines, we show that some, but not all, cell lines require WRN for telomere maintenance. PMID: 24709898 WRN and BLM act epistatically with DNA2 to promote the long-range resection of double strand break ends in human cells. PMID: 25122754 Werner syndrome protein positively regulates XRCC4-like factor transcription. PMID: 24626809 WRN plays a critical role in cancer cell proliferation by contributing to the Warburg effect and preventing metabolic stress. PMID: 24757718 Indicate that phosphorylation of Ser-440 and -467 in WRN by DNA-PK is important for relocalization of WRN to nucleoli, and that it is required for efficient DSB repair. PMID: 24429382 WRN promoter methylation was associated with irinotecan sensitivity in gastric carcinoma. PMID: 24359226 C allele of rs1346044, a non-synonymous SNP resulting in the conversion of Cys to Arg at amino acid position 1367 of WRN, alters susceptibility to ARC, especially the cortical type of the disease, in the Han Chinese. PMID: 23334603 A significant interaction of a DNA repair pathway gene WRN and body mass index was observed in T-cell lymphoma. PMID: 23619945

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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