Recombinant Human AXL Protein (C-6His)

Name: Recombinant Human AXL Protein (C-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-2218NP
Availability: InStock

BL-2218NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Ala26-Pro440 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus.
Accession	AAA61243
Synonym	Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO; AXL oncogene; UFO
Gene Background	Axl, also known as Ufo and Ark, is a widely expressed 140 kDa glycoprotein in the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase family. Axl binds the vitamin K-dependent protein Gas6 which triggers tyrosine autophosphorylation of the Axl cytoplasmic domain. Axl functions in dampening the immune response, regulating cytokine secretion, clearing apoptotic cells and debris, and maintaining cell survival. Axl is highly expressed in solid cancers and promotes in vivo tumorigenesis and tumor cell invasiveness. It also functions as a cellular entry receptor for Gas6-opsonized lentiviruses. Axl contributes to cell survival, migration, invasion, metastasis and chemosensitivity justify further investigation of Axl as novel therapeutic targets in cancer. The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is thought to play a role in metastasis. The soluble AXL receptor as a therapeutic candidate agent for treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer. GAS6/AXL targeting as an effective strategy for inhibition of metastatic tumor progression in vivo.
Molecular Mass	45.6 KDa
Apmol Mass	60-90 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Biologically active. Please contact us to obtain bioactivity data.
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factor GAS6 and which is thus regulating many physiological processes including cell survival, cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Ligand binding at the cell surface induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of AXL. Following activation by ligand, AXL binds and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of PI3-kinase subunits PIK3R1, PIK3R2 and PIK3R3; but also GRB2, PLCG1, LCK and PTPN11. Other downstream substrate candidates for AXL are CBL, NCK2, SOCS1 and TNS2. Recruitment of GRB2 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase regulatory subunits by AXL leads to the downstream activation of the AKT kinase. GAS6/AXL signaling plays a role in various processes such as endothelial cell survival during acidification by preventing apoptosis, optimal cytokine signaling during human natural killer cell development, hepatic regeneration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron survival and migration, platelet activation, or regulation of thrombotic responses. Plays also an important role in inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune response.; (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for lassa virus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, possibly through GAS6 binding to phosphatidyl-serine at the surface of virion envelope.; (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Ebolavirus, possibly through GAS6 binding to phosphatidyl-serine at the surface of virion envelope.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Protein Families	Protein kinase superfamily, Tyr protein kinase family, AXL/UFO subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 905 OMIM: 109135 KEGG: hsa:558 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000301178 UniGene: PMID: 30176265 Findings suggest that METTL3 plays very important oncogenic roles in ovarian carcinoma development and/or aggressiveness by stimulating AXL translation and EMT. PMID: 30249526 Co-expression of CDCP1 and AXL is often observed in EGFR-mutation-positive tumors, limiting the efficacy of EGFR TKIs. Co-treatment with EGFR TKI and TPX-0005 warrants testing. PMID: 29433983 This study demonstrates that motility behavior of AXL-expressing tumor cells can be elicited by Gas6-bearing apoptotic bodies generated from tumor treatment with therapeutics that produce killing of a portion of the tumor cells present but not all, hence generating potentially problematic invasive and metastatic behavior of the surviving tumor cells PMID: 28923840 Results show that average methylation in AXL at birth was associated with higher risk for asthma-related phenotypes in childhood, especially wheezing. The effects of average AXL methylation on wheezing symptoms were magnified in girls compared to boys. PMID: 29177020 we identified YAP-driven AXL overexpression as a mechanism of resistance to EGFR TKIs in lung cancer cells. PMID: 29136529 The anti-angiogenic effect of luteolin may be associated with the inhibition of the Gas6/Axl pathway and its downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. PMID: 28627676 AXL is influenced by p53 status and could cause the emergence of aggressive clones after exposure to chemotherapy in colon and breast cancer PMID: 28596680 Taken together, these findings suggest that AXL most likely serves as an attachment factor for Zika virus on the cell surface, and that productive infection requires endocytosis and delivery of the virus to acidified intracellular compartments. PMID: 29574335 serum Axl shows high diagnostic accuracy at early stage hepatocellular carcinoma as well as cirrhosis PMID: 28526812 AXL is the only relevant Zika virus entry cofactor expressed on fetal endothelial cells, and that when produced in mammalian cells, only Zika virus, but not West Nile virus or dengue virus, can use AXL, because it more efficiently binds Gas6. PMID: 28167751 Results indicate AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) as an important mediator of docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer. PMID: 28455956 AXL promotes epithelial cell efferocytosis in a tyrosine kinase-dependent manner.AXL role in AKT-dependent drug resistance. PMID: 28184013 The plasma concentrations of Gas6 and Axl are lowered in rheumatoid arthritis patients. PMID: 24702788 The anti-AXL antibody 20G7-D9 represents a promising therapeutic strategy in triple-negative breast cancer with mesenchymal features by inhibiting AXL-dependent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, tumor growth, and metastasis formation PMID: 27923843 Suppression of AXL by shRNA and inhibitor prolonged survival of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) mice and reduced the growth of leukemia stem cells ( LSCs) in mice. Gas6/AXL ligation stabilizes beta-catenin in an AKT-dependent fashion in human CML CD34(+) cells. Our findings improve the understanding of LSC regulation and validate Gas6/AXL as a pair of therapeutic targets to eliminate CML LSCs PMID: 27852702 our data point to a targetable Axl-PI3 kinase-PD-L1 axis that is highly associated with radiation resistance PMID: 28476872 AXL+ and GAS6+ expression is relevant to a poor prognosis in resected lung adenocarcinoma (AD)patients at stage I. AXL/GAS6 might serve as crucial predictive and prognostic biomarkers and targets to identify individuals at high risk of post-operative death. PMID: 28440492 report that Axl regulates FGFR signaling via complex formation with FGFR3 PMID: 26598018 AZD7762 inhibits the proliferative/metastatic activity of breast cancer cells through the suppression of cellular AXL signaling events including anti-apoptosis, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. PMID: 27829217 BGB324 does not inhibit BCR-ABL1 and consequently inhibits chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)independent of BCR-ABL1 mutational status. Our data show that Axl inhibition has therapeutic potential in BCR-ABL TKI-sensitive as well as -resistant CML and support the need for clinical trials PMID: 27856601 Results show that AXL is upregulated in endometrial cancer tissues and indicate that AXL promotes invasion and migration of endometrial cancer cells. PMID: 27764792 these results suggest that HOTAIR promotes renal cell carcinoma (Rcc) tumorigenesis via miR-217/HIF-1alpha/AXL signaling, which may provide a new target for the diagnosis and therapy of Rcc disease. PMID: 28492542 The expression of MerTK and AxlTK varied according to the deposition of immunoglobulin and complements on glomeruli. Both MerTK and AxlTK expressions were increased on glomeruli and varied according to pathological classifications. PMID: 28127639 High expression level of AXL is associated with lung adenocarcinoma. PMID: 26942465 AXL is a strong adverse prognostic factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma PMID: 27172793 Our data demonstrate that AXL is a crucial therapeutic target of carvacrol-induced inhibition of NSCLC cell proliferation and migration. PMID: 29277784 These results show that TYRO3, AXL and GAS6 are expressed at higher levels in LMS and expression of its ligands correlates to a worse PFS in LMS patients. PMID: 29024938 miR-34a reconstitution in DMPM cells significantly inhibited proliferation and tumorigenicity, induced an apoptotic response, and declined invasion ability, mainly through the down-regulation of c-MET and AXL and the interference with the activation of downstream signaling. PMID: 28100259 kinase AXL drives the mesenchymal gene signature and motility of ovarian tumor cells. PMID: 27703029 The AXL inhibitor R428 attenuated RTK and ERK activation and reduced cell motility in Mes cells in culture and reduced tumor growth PMID: 27703030 These results highlight the dual role of Axl during Zika virus infection of glial cells: promoting viral entry and modulating innate immune responses. PMID: 28076778 The expression of AXL was positively associated with GAS6 expression (P < 0.001), and tumor differentiation (P = 0.014) in advanced NSCLC with metastases. AXL expression displayed no association with gender, age, smoking history, pathology, T stage, N stage, CEA, and LDH. PMID: 28551766 Data indicate a role for AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) in regulating the nuclear translocation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and suggest that AXL-mediated SRC family kinases (SFKs) and neuregulin-1 (NRG1) expression promote this process. PMID: 28049763 Combination of high serum levels of soluble AXL and BNP had greater predictive value for heart failure than BNP alone. PMID: 27718443 These results demonstrate that Gas6/Axl axis confers aggressiveness in breast cancer. PMID: 27279912 a lower stability and greater dynamic nature of the Axl kinase domain PMID: 28724631 Silencing AXL or the inhibition of AXL kinase activity significantly inhibits tumor cell migration and invasion in colorectal cancer. PMID: 28727830 we identify PROS1 as a driver of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma tumor growth and a modulator of AXL expression PMID: 28118606 Studies indicate that aberrant AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) signaling and development of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype underlie resistance of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK F1174L)-driven neuroblastoma (NB) cells to TAE684 and its derivatives. PMID: 26616860 Studied axl kinase as a negative regulator of an alveolar epithelial cell phenotype; results found that inhibition of Axl kinase could form epithelial adhesion structure and augment surfactant protein production via the MET of human lung multi-potent cells. PMID: 28553934 AXL is efficiently and sequentially cleaved by alpha- and gamma-secretases in various types of cancer cell lines. The AXL intracellular domain cleavage product translocates into the nucleus via a nuclear localization sequence that harbored a basic HRRKK motif. PMID: 28034848 a relationship between AXL and the cellular response to DNA damage whereby abrogation of AXL signaling leads to accumulation of the DNA-damage markers gammaH2AX, 53BP1, and RAD51. PMID: 27893463 Small molecule and antibody inhibitors of AXL and MER have recently been described, and some of these have already entered clinical trials. The optimal design of treatment strategies to maximize the clinical benefit of these AXL and MER targeting agents are discussed in relation to the different cancer types and the types of resistance encountered. PMID: 28251492 our results demonstrate that AR can promote melanoma metastasis via altering the miRNA-539-3p/USP13/MITF/AXL signal and targeting this newly identified signal with AR degradation enhancer ASC-J9 may help us to better suppress the melanoma metastasis. PMID: 27869170 AXL can be an effective therapeutic target in combination with targeted therapy such as PARP inhibitors in several different malignancies. PMID: 27671334 AXL/TAZ/YAP expression is associated with poor prognosis in male breast cancer patients. PMID: 27987320 ablation of AXL has no effect on ZIKA virus (ZIKV) entry or ZIKV-mediated cell death in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NPCs or cerebral organoids. PMID: 27912091 the candidate viral entry receptor AXL is highly expressed by human radial glial cells, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and microglia in developing human cortex and by progenitor cells in developing retina. PMID: 27038591 Coexistence of vimentin-positive and Axl-high expression is a poor prognostic factor for primary breast cancer. Vimentin and Axl expression might contribute to the aggressive phenotype in breast cancer. PMID: 27506606

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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