Recombinant Human Atypical Chemokine Receptor 2 (ACKR2) Protein (His), Active

Name: Recombinant Human Atypical Chemokine Receptor 2 (ACKR2) Protein (His), Active
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-06110P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Atypical Chemokine Receptor 2 (ACKR2) Protein (His), Active is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Activity	Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized ACKR2 at 1 μg/ml can bind human CCL2, the EC50 of human CCL2 protein is 23.52-30.99 μg/ml.
Uniprotkb	O00590
Target Symbol	ACKR2
Synonyms	ACKR2; CCBP2; CCR10; CMKBR9; D6; Atypical chemokine receptor 2; C-C chemokine receptor D6; Chemokine receptor CCR-10; Chemokine receptor CCR-9; Chemokine-binding protein 2; Chemokine-binding protein D6
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	in vitro E.coli expression system
Tag	N-10His
Target Protein Sequence	MAATASPQPLATEDADSENSSFYYYDYLDEVAFMLCRKDAVVSFGKVFLPVFYSLIFVLGLSGNLLLLMVLLRYVPRRRMVEIYLLNLAISNLLFLVTLPFWGISVAWHWVFGSFLCKMVSTLYTINFYSGIFFISCMSLDKYLEIVHAQPYHRLRTRAKSLLLATIVWAVSLAVSIPDMVFVQTHENPKGVWNCHADFGGHGTIWKLFLRFQQNLLGFLLPLLAMIFFYSRIGCVLVRLRPAGQGRALKIAAALVVAFFVLWFPYNLTLFLHTLLDLQVFGNCEVSQHLDYALQVTESIAFLHCCFSPILYAFSSHRFRQYLKAFLAAVLGWHLAPGTAQASLSSCSESSILTAQEEMTGMNDLGERQSENYPNKEDVGNKSA
Expression Range	1-384aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	46.9 kDa
Research Area	Immunology
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Atypical chemokine receptor that controls chemokine levels and localization via high-affinity chemokine binding that is uncoupled from classic ligand-driven signal transduction cascades, resulting instead in chemokine sequestration, degradation, or transcytosis. Also known as interceptor (internalizing receptor) or chemokine-scavenging receptor or chemokine decoy receptor. Acts as a receptor for chemokines including CCL2, CCL3, CCL3L1, CCL4, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL17, CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, SCYA2/MCP-1, SCY3/MIP-1-alpha, SCYA5/RANTES and SCYA7/MCP-3. Upon active ligand stimulation, activates a beta-arrestin 1 (ARRB1)-dependent, G protein-independent signaling pathway that results in the phosphorylation of the actin-binding protein cofilin (CFL1) through a RAC1-PAK1-LIMK1 signaling pathway. Activation of this pathway results in up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. By scavenging chemokines in tissues, on the surfaces of lymphatic vessels, and in placenta, plays an essential role in the resolution (termination) of the inflammatory response and in the regulation of adaptive immune responses. Plays a major role in the immune silencing of macrophages during the resolution of inflammation. Acts as a regulator of inflammatory leukocyte interactions with lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and is required for immature/mature dendritic cells discrimination by LECs.
Subcellular Location	Early endosome. Recycling endosome. Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note=Predominantly localizes to endocytic vesicles, and upon stimulation by the ligand is internalized via clathrin-coated pits. Once internalized, the ligand dissociates from the receptor, and is targeted to degradation while the receptor is recycled back to the cell membrane.
Protein Families	G-protein coupled receptor 1 family, Atypical chemokine receptor subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 1565 OMIM: 602648 KEGG: hsa:1238 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000273145 UniGene: PMID: 29279330 ACKR2 is induced after traumatic brain injuries and has a significant impact on mortality and lesion development acutely following closed head injury. PMID: 29176798 ACKR2 is a molecular regulator play a role in inflammatory changes in patients with psoriasis. PMID: 28010760 Data indicates that D6 is concentrated on trophoblast cell membranes in pre-eclampsia, in line with higher circulating levels of D6-ligand chemokines, but its scavenging activity is affected by trophoblast cytoskeleton disarrangement. PMID: 27780270 ACKR2 mediates chemokine scavenging by primary human trophoblasts. PMID: 25297873 Data show the structural motifs in the atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2) are responsible for ligand binding, and suggest ACKR2-derived N-terminal peptides as being of potential therapeutic significance. PMID: 24644289 Data show that low decoy receptor D6 expression correlated to more invasive tumors and that tumor location influences D6 expression, which is lower in the more distal parts of the colon. PMID: 24013383 engagement of the ACR D6 by its ligands activates a beta-arrestin1-dependent, G protein-independent signaling pathway that results in the phosphorylation of the actin-binding protein cofilin through the Rac1-PAK1-LIMK1 cascade. PMID: 23633677 co-expression of DARC, D6, and CCX-CKR significantly associated with higher survival in gastric cancer PMID: 23462454 D6, which is upregulated in both inflammatory and tumor contexts, is an essential regulator of inflammatory leukocyte interactions with lymphatic endothelial cells(LECs) and is required for immature/mature DC discrimination by LECs. PMID: 23479571 We here summarize the knowledge available today on D6 structural and signaling properties and its essential role for the control of inflammatory cells traffic and proper development of the adaptive immune response. PMID: 22939232 CCL2 binding to primary adult human astrocytes is CCR2-independent and is likely to be mediated via the D6 decoy. PMID: 22226505 D6 is expressed in AMs from patients with COPD, and its expression correlates with the degree of functional impairment and markers of immune activation. PMID: 22797410 These data demonstrate a novel role for D6 as a regulator of the transition from uninvolved to lesional skin in psoriasis. PMID: 22867710 Chemokine decoy receptor D6 limits CC-chemokine-dependent pathogenic inflammation and is required for adequate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. PMID: 22796582 DARC and D6, the most studied members of this group of molecules, are reviewed. PMID: 21151196 Chemokne D6 expression is higher in biopsies taken from more severe cardiac allograft rejection. PMID: 20404785 D6 protein is found predominantly inside human choriocarcinoma-derived cells with only a small fraction available on the cell surface at any one time, yet it can progressively remove extracellular chemokines, without apparent desensitization. PMID: 20147628 CCR10 is unlikely to be necessary for cutaneous homing of TH cells in the models studied here. CCR10 may instead play a role in the movement of specialized "effector" cutaneous TH cells to and/or within epidermal microenvironments. PMID: 12406880 In lymphatic vessels D6 acts as a nonsignaling decoy receptor and scavenger for inflammatory CC chemokines, by clearing them and preventing excessive diffusion via afferent lymphatics to lymph nodes. PMID: 12594248 CCR10 and its mucosal epithelial ligand CCL28 have roles in the migration of circulating IgA plasmablasts PMID: 12671049 D6 is constitutively internalized via a ligand-independent, phosphorylation-independent association with beta-arrestin. PMID: 15084596 We also propose that lymphatic endothelial cell-expressed D6 might have a distinct but complementary role in restricting inflammatory leukocyte access to the lymphatic vasculature. PMID: 16814608 demonstrate the importance of proinflammatory CC chemokines in de novo tumorigenesis and reveal chemokine sequestration by D6 to be a novel and effective method of tumor suppression PMID: 17607362 the heptahelical body of D6 on its own can engage the endocytotic machinery of HEK293 cells but that the C terminus is indispensable for scavenging because it prevents initial chemokine engagement of D6 from inhibiting subsequent chemokine uptake. PMID: 18201974 Emphasis on two new players involved in regulating inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface: the long pentraxin PTX3 and the decoy receptor for inflammatory chemokines D6. PMID: 18676013 D6 plays a negative role in the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. PMID: 18708360 D6 expression is GATA1 dependent PMID: 18714007 Genetic variations are associated with liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis C PMID: 18822328 Immunohistochemistry on lung lymph nodes from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis showed that D6 expression was prominent in lymphatic endothelial cells, while CD68-positive macrophages did not stain for D6. PMID: 19446728 D6 cooperates with CD26 in the negative regulation of CCL14 by the selective degradation of its biologically active isoform. PMID: 19632987

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.