Recombinant Human 14-3-3 Protein Theta (YWHAQ) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human 14-3-3 Protein Theta (YWHAQ) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-03992P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human 14-3-3 Protein Theta (YWHAQ) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P27348
Target Symbol	YWHAQ
Synonyms	14-3-3 protein T cell; 14-3-3 protein T-cell; 14-3-3 protein tau; 14-3-3 protein theta; 1433T_HUMAN; IC5; Protein HS1; Protein tau; YWHAQ tyrosine 3 monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, theta polypeptide; Ywhaq
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	MEKTELIQKAKLAEQAERYDDMATCMKAVTEQGAELSNEERNLLSVAYKNVVGGRRSAWRVISSIEQKTDTSDKKLQLIKDYREKVESELRSICTTVLELLDKYLIANATNPESKVFYLKMKGDYFRYLAEVACGDDRKQTIDNSQGAYQEAFDISKKEMQPTHPIRLGLALNFSVFYYEILNNPELACTLAKTAFDEAIAELDTLNEDSYKDSTLIMQLLRDNLTLWTSDSAGEECDAAEGAEN
Expression Range	1-245aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	54.8kDa
Research Area	Neuroscience
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. Negatively regulates the kinase activity of PDPK1.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm. Note=In neurons, axonally transported to the nerve terminals.
Protein Families	14-3-3 family
Database References	HGNC: 12854 OMIM: 609009 KEGG: hsa:10971 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000238081 UniGene: PMID: 29363506 results suggest that PKC SUMOylation is an important regulator of the 14-3-3 and GluK2a protein complex and may contribute to regulate the decay kinetics of kainate receptor-excitatory postsynaptic currents PMID: 28837400 Results show that 14-3-3zeta promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma. 14-3-3zeta upregulates MUC1 expression through enhancing MUC1/NFkappaB feedback loop. Its high expression is associated with poor survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. PMID: 28901525 TGFbetaR1 signaling was involved in 14-3-3zeta-mediated cell proliferation and metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells. PMID: 27764818 Loss of Par3 promotes metastatic behavior in lung adenocarcinoma cells through 14-3-3zeta protein. PMID: 27588399 this study reveals that 14-3-3zeta plays a critical role in Wnt5a/ROR1 signaling, leading to enhanced CLL migration and proliferation. PMID: 28465528 Our results indicate that TRIM25 is associated with cisplatin resistance and 14-3-3sigma-MDM2-p53 signaling pathway is involved in this process, suggesting targeting TRIM25 may be a potential strategy for the reversal of cisplatin resistance. PMID: 28867193 Up-regulation of 14-3-3zeta in response to pVHL is important for the recruitment of PI3K to the cell membrane and for stabilization of soluble beta-catenin. PMID: 28666999 The 14-3-3 family is dysregulated in schizophrenia, perhaps owing to specific regulatory mechanisms; the expression of the 14-3-3 epsilon, theta and zeta isoforms could be useful indicators of disease severity. PMID: 27030512 High urine 14-3-3 expression is associated with Advanced Stage in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. PMID: 27039779 Levels of 14-3-3 protein predict poorer radiographic outcomes in inflammatory polyarthritis patients. PMID: 26832367 Study shows that 14-3-3 zeta/delta is important in the extracellular vesicles mediated induction of colon malignant phenotype, suggesting its role as a potential target for therapeutic interventions. PMID: 26231887 the effects of cell viability, migration and invasion were mediated in 14-3-3zeta-dependent manner while that of cell apoptosis was mediated in 14-3-3zeta-independent manner. PMID: 26054824 14-3-3zeta reduces DNA damage by interacting with and stabilizing proliferating cell nuclear antigen PMID: 25169136 phosphorylation of HS1 tyrosines at positions 222, 378 and 397 was required for transendothelial migration of NK cells. PMID: 25723543 Mimitin and 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta are potential markers of paclitaxel resistance and prognostic factors in ovarian cancer. PMID: 26033570 14-3-3S is an interesting protein biomarker with the potential to further improve the accuracy of differential diagnostic process of hepatocellular tumors. PMID: 25448011 The observed participation of 14-3-3 tau in the regulation of the placental epigenome may participate in the molecular mechanisms that govern the pathological process of preeclampsia, although this requires further evaluation. PMID: 25305692 Epigenetic silencing of 14-3-3sigma occurred more frequently in the chronic inflammation group than in cancer patients and healthy controls. PMID: 25041782 14-3-3epsilon is involved in the regulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis, adhesion, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleic acid metabolism. PMID: 24363202 CCL20 and 14-3-3 zeta are molecules that play a putative role during tumorgenesis in pancreas, and may therefore be new parameters for histological diagnosis and discrimination between pancreatic neoplasms and chronic pancreatitis. PMID: 24629487 Significant down-regulation of brain 14-3-3 levels were identified during prion infection. PMID: 24135906 In this minireview, we focus on mechanisms of the 14-3-3 protein-dependent regulation of three important 14-3-3 binding partners: yeast neutral trehalase Nth1, regulator of G-protein signaling 3 (RGS3), and phosducin. [review] PMID: 24564655 Using gene reporter assays, we show that promoter variations in 11 intrinsic apoptosis genes, including ADPRT, APAF1, BCL2, BAD, BID, MCL1, BIRC4, BCL2L1, ENDOG, YWHAB, and YWHAQ, influence promoter activity in an allele-specific manner. PMID: 24038028 14-3-3s not only can bind and regulate the activity of multiple phosphoproteins, but also possess moonlighting chaperone-like activity PMID: 24681339 Data indicate that 14-3-3 zeta, gamma, epsilon, and tau isoforms but not the sigma protein hydrolyze ATP. PMID: 24269678 Non-sigma 14-3-3 proteins synergized with ETV1 to activate transcription. PMID: 23774214 14-3-3 negatively regulates the RGC downstream of the PI3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway PMID: 23386617 Data demonstrated that 14-3-3tau enhances the transcriptional activity of PR-B. PMID: 22967481 this mini-review attempts to collect and to describe the data concerning monomers of 14-3-3.[review] PMID: 23159940 a weak complex between RhoGAP protein ARHGAP22 and signal regulatory protein 14-3-3 has 1:2 stoichiometry and a single peptide binding mode PMID: 22952583 An isoform-specific role for 14-3-3 protein is associated with atherosclerotic lesions of the cerebral and carotid arteries. PMID: 22405925 Cerebrospinal fluid protein 14-3-3 detection remains an important test in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID: 23012332 egradation of antiapoptosis protein 143-3beta induced by PrP106-126 peptide may be one of pathogenesis mechanism of prion disease PMID: 22978167 LRFN4 complexed with 14-3-3s and NCK1 to mediate elongation in monocytic cells via Rac-1-mediated actin cytoskeleton reorganization PMID: 22677168 14-3-3 interacts with nonphosphorylated tau and promotes its interaction with and phosphorylation by a number of protein kinases. PMID: 21876254 It was shown that ARF6 competes with 14-3-3 for binding to centralspindlin such that midbodies formed by centralspindlin mutants that can bind 14-3-3 but not ARF6 frequently collapse before abscission. PMID: 22580824 autophosphorylation of Thr336 acts as an activating signal for LKB1 to recruit 14-3-3, which in turn attenuates the activation of LKB1 to keep the activity of LKB1 in check. PMID: 22575644 14-3-3 theta/tau and tBID have roles as predictive biomarkers of neoadjuvant chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer PMID: 22115752 Altered 14-3-3 expression in brain can contribute to synaptic dysfunction and altered neurotransmission in chronic alcohol misuse by human subjects. PMID: 21332526 Results suggest that the 14-3-3 protein binding affects the structure of the Galpha interaction portion of RGS3 as well as sterically blocks the interaction between the RGS domain and the Galpha subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. PMID: 22027839 14-3-3 proteins mediate CaR-dependent Rho signalling and may modulate the plasma membrane expression of the CaR. PMID: 22010828 14-3-3beta has oncogenic potential in breast cancer via binding to ERalpha and activation of the transcriptional activity of ERalpha. PMID: 21946067 14-3-3 theta is a new and important regulatory protein in the TLR-2 and TLR-4 signaling suppressing the MyD88-dependent pathway PMID: 21827211 The phosphatidylinositol transfer protein RdgBbeta binds 14-3-3 via its unstructured C-terminus, whereas its lipid-binding domain interacts with the integral membrane protein ATRAP (angiotensin II type I receptor-associated protein). PMID: 21728994 Results suggest that 14-3-3 proteins may be associated with the formation of SOD1-containing inclusions, in FALS patients and the mutant SOD1-Tg mice. PMID: 21655264 the toxin fusicoccin promotes binding of regulatory 14-3-3 proteins to glycoprotein Ibalpha and hampers binding to glycoprotein Ibbeta subunit. PMID: 21395556 novel role for 14-3-3tau in the regulation of Beclin 1 expression and autophagy PMID: 20454448 Depletion of Lats2 or 14-3-3gamma by siRNA inhibits P-body formation in response to UV. PMID: 21118956 The study found that the 14-3-3 tau expression level with the formation of syncytiotrophoblast cells increased. PMID: 21046037

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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