Biotinylated Human TIGIT Protein (C-6His-Avi)

Name: Biotinylated Human TIGIT Protein (C-6His-Avi)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-2402NP

BL-2402NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: All products, Antibody / cell therapy targets, Antibody therapeutic / adc target proteins, Avi-tagged proteins, Biotinylated proteins, Co-inhibitory receptors, Featured biotinylated protein molecules, Featured immune checkpoint protein molecules, High-quality recombinant proteins, Immune checkpoint proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Biotinylated Recombinant Human T cell Immunoreceptor With Ig And ITIM Domains is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Met22-Pro141 is expressed with a 6His, Avi tag at the C-terminus.
Accession	Q495A1
Synonym	T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains; VSIG9; VSTM3; TIGIT; V-set and transmembrane domain-containing protein 3; V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 9
Gene Background	T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) is a member of the CD28 family within the Ig superfamily of proteins. TIGIT is expressed on NK cells and subsets of activated, memory and regulatory T cells, and particularly on follicular helper T cells within secondary lymphoid organs. It binds to CD155 and Nectin-2 that appear on dendritic cells (DC) and endothelium. Ligation of TIGIT on T cells down-regulates TCR-mediated activation and subsequent proliferation, while NK cell TIGIT ligation blocks NK cell cytotoxicity. Through CD155 and Nectin-2, which also interact with DNAM-1/CD226 and CD96/Tactile, TIGIT is part of an interacting network of Ig superfamily members that may augment or oppose each other. In particular, TIGIT binding to CD155 can antagonize the effects of DNAM1.
Molecular Mass	15.9 KDa
Apmol Mass	17-23 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Binds with high affinity to the poliovirus receptor (PVR) which causes increased secretion of IL10 and decreased secretion of IL12B and suppresses T-cell activation by promoting the generation of mature immunoregulatory dendritic cells.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Database References	HGNC: 26838 OMIM: 612859 KEGG: hsa:201633 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000373167 UniGene: PMID: 30262800 These findings highlight the importance of the TIGIT/CD226/PVR axis as an immune checkpoint barrier that could hinder future "cure" strategies requiring potent HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells PMID: 28084312 High expression of TIGIT and Helios identifies CD4+ T cells with impaired immunological functions, primarily among patients with an advanced stage of Sezary syndrome. PMID: 27592800 Natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells express both TIGIT and DNAM-1 receptors, and in certain cases their effector functions are dictated by TIGIT or DNAM-1 signaling. Agonist and antagonist antibodies targeting either TIGIT or DNAM-1 present many therapeutic options for diseases spanning from cancer to auto-immunity. (Review) PMID: 28035916 TIGIT contributes to functional T-cell impairment and associates with poor clinical outcome in acute myelogenous leukemia. The study suggests that blockade of TIGIT to restore T-cell function and antitumor immunity may represent a novel effective leukemia therapeutic. PMID: 26763253 Blimp-1 binds to the promoters of PD-1 and TIGIT and positively regulates their expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. PMID: 28629373 Data show that gastric cancer cells inhibit T-cell metabolism through CD155/TIGIT signaling. PMID: 28883004 Our data provide important structural and biochemical determinants responsible for the recognition of nectin-2 by TIGIT. PMID: 27978489 TIGIT is a powerful negative regulator of CD4(+) T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID: 28108989 TIGIT signaling in NK cells after MDSC coculture led to a decrease in the phosphorylation of ZAP70/Syk and ERK1/2. PMID: 27503932 energetic basis for the TIGIT/nectin-2 interaction and revealed that an "aromatic key" of nectin-2 is critical for this interaction, whereas variations in the lock were tolerated. PMID: 28515320 TIGIT-positive circulating follicular helper T cells display robust B-cell help functions: potential role in sickle cell alloimmunization. PMID: 26250578 implying that TIGIT exerts immunosuppressive effects by competing with DNAM-1 for the same ligand, CD155 PMID: 26842126 These findings identify TIGIT as a novel marker of dysfunctional HIV-specific T cells PMID: 26741490 This study shows that HBZ-induced TIGIT plays a pivotal role in attenuating host immune responses and shaping a microenvironment favorable to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. PMID: 26735971 a novel mechanism that links TIGIT expression with NK-cell functional heterogeneity, and this mechanism might partially explain why individuals have different susceptibilities to infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. PMID: 26171588 Human regulatory T cells expressing the receptors TIGIT and CD226 display widely divergent phenotypes in regard to expansion and activation. PMID: 25994968 TIGIT and PD-1 blockade additively increased proliferation, cytokine production, and degranulation of tumor-antigen-specific CD8 T cells and CD8 TILs. TIGIT and PD-1 regulate the expansion and function of these T cells in melanoma. PMID: 25866972 The results identify a bacterium-dependent, tumor-immune evasion mechanism in which tumors exploit the Fap2 protein of F. nucleatum to inhibit immune cell activity via TIGIT. PMID: 25680274 Findings suggest that TIGIT is a key checkpoint inhibitor of chronic antiviral and antitumor responses through impairing CD226 function when disrupting its homodimerization. PMID: 25465800 TIGIT/PVR ligation signaling mediates suppression of IFN-gamma production via the NF-kappaB pathway. PMID: 24817116 TIGIT is phosphorylated at its cytoplasmic tail after its ligation with PVR. PMID: 23154388 The Tim-3 pathway appears to control regulatory (Treg) and effector T cell balance via altering cell proliferation and apoptosis during hepatitis C virus infection. PMID: 22706088 TIGIT can inhibit T cell functions by competing with CD226 and can also directly inhibit T cells in a T cell-intrinsic manner. PMID: 22427644 data suggest a cis-trans receptor clustering mechanism for cell adhesion and signaling by the TIGIT/PVR complex and provide structural insights into how the PVR family of immunoregulators function PMID: 22421438 that soluble Vstm3 attenuates T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo PMID: 21416464 TIGIT exerts immunosuppressive effects by binding to poliovirus receptor and modulating cytokine production by dendritic cells. PMID: 19011627 a novel immunoreceptor, Washington University Cell Adhesion Molecule, which is expressed on human follicular B helper T cells, was described. PMID: 19197944 TIGIT counter inhibits the NK-mediated killing of tumor cells and protects normal cells from NK-mediated cytotoxicity thus providing an "alternative self" mechanism for MHC class I inhibition. PMID: 19815499

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.

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Biotinylated Human TIGIT Protein (C-6His-Avi)

Product Overview

Target Details

FAQs