Recombinant Rat Progonadoliberin-1 (GNRH1) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Rat Progonadoliberin-1 (GNRH1) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-01196P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Rat Progonadoliberin-1 (GNRH1) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P07490
Target Symbol	GNRH1
Synonyms	(Progonadoliberin I)
Species	Rattus norvegicus (Rat)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	QHWSYGLRPGGKRNTEHLVDSFQEMGKEEDQMAEPQNFECTVHWPRSPLRDLRGALERLIEEEAGQKKM
Expression Range	24-92aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	12.2 kDa
Research Area	Developmental Biology
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins; it stimulates the secretion of both luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	GnRH family
Database References	KEGG: rno:25194 STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000018006 UniGene: PMID: 27349532 Under-nutrition delayed puberty onset and decreased hypothalamic GnRH expression. PMID: 24668712 Data show that within the hypothalamus, zearalenone (ZEA) and Ethinyl estradiol (EE2) directly activate anteroventral and periventricular kisspeptin (KP) neurons to stimulate gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) mRNA. PMID: 26248220 Disruption of GnRH/GnRHR signaling may be important for the management of cholestatic liver diseases. PMID: 25794706 Data indicate that RNA interference of NEL-like protein 2 (NELL2) reduced NELL2 and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expression at multiple stages of sexual development. PMID: 25177948 Downregulation of Gnrh may be involved in the development of sex hormone disorder and calcium loss. PMID: 25048263 the S-100 containing cells in pars tuberalis were first detected on day 30 and increased in number to day 60; this was parallel to the immunohistochemical staining of gap junction protein, connexin 43. LH-RH positive sites PMID: 24216131 Maternal dexamethasone exposure affects the number and dendritic development of early postnatal GnRH neurons. PMID: 24374911 Our findings strongly suggest that the TGF-beta signaling pathway may be one of the major causes responsible for prostate volume reduction in BPH rats after cetrorelix treatment. PMID: 22684563 Data indicate that the suppression of the GnRH pulse generator by acute systemic stress equires hypothalamic NKB/neurokinin B (NKB) receptor (NK3R) signaling. PMID: 24708241 Our findings suggest that the ventral premammillary nucleus is a component of the neural circuitry that modulates the physiologic fluctuations of Kiss1 and GnRH in the control of the female reproductive physiology. PMID: 23518222 Data indicate cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) as a potent stimulator of Kiss1 and GnRH neurons and suppression of CART expression during negative metabolic conditions could contribute to inhibition of the reproductive axis. PMID: 23736294 Data inidcate that the combination of a GnRH agonist with antagonist completely prevented the flare-up effect and enhanced the protective effect of the ovary from cisplatin-induced gonadotoxicity. PMID: 23452939 Data provide evidence for communication between COX-1 (cyclooxygenase 1-) expressing, ramified/branched microglia and GnRH-secreting neurons in preoptic area; expression of COX-1/GnRH is not affected by estrogen replacement. PMID: 23090753 Data indicate that Dabuyin Wan down-regulated expressions of GnRH, GPR54 and Kiss-1 mRNA in hypothalamus. PMID: 23668015 These findings suggest that atrazine acts to inhibit the secretory dynamics of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulses without interfering with GnRH mRNA and protein synthesis. PMID: 23197165 These findings suggest that somatostatin directly inhibits the activity of rat GnRH neurons through volume transmission in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis region. PMID: 22147011 remarkable cellular and subcellular distribution led us to test the effect of URP on the GnRH-induced gonadotrophins release in the anterior pituitary, and to discuss its putative role at the level of the median eminence PMID: 22039515 Differences between the degradation velocities of guinea pig GnRH and mammalian GnRH in serum are not proportional to the large differences between the biological activities of these two peptides, in particular in the rat. PMID: 20970475 Direct control of opioids via delta-receptors(DOR) occurs on GnRH neurons and validates use of GT1 cells to further investigate nature of DOR present on GnRH neurons. (Delta receptor, GnRH) PMID: 16405927 After intracerebroventricular infusion of native GnRH, blood plasma vasopressin concentration is significantly higher than in control animals, accompanied by decreased content of the hormone in the neurohypophysis. PMID: 20814074 These results suggested that the delayed onset of puberty induced by maternal dexamethasone administration would occur independently of hypothalamic Kiss1-Kiss1r-GnRH system. PMID: 21074602 Data demonstrate the occurrence of morphological and physiological changes in GnRH-expressing GnV-3 cells between the proliferating and the differentiated state. PMID: 20937356 These results suggest that kisspeptin neurons regulate GnRH neurons not via the synaptic contact but via another information transmission process that is not synapse-dependent, such as volume transmission. PMID: 20680515 GnRH mRNA levels are positively associated with PG mRNA levels.This may imply that GnRH influences hormones secretion in the pancreas by autocrine and paracrine effects on islet cells. PMID: 19856133 Expression of mRNA of GnRH-1 in the hypothalamus is not a critical factor of gonad growth in early postnatal development of male rats. PMID: 20380165 Exaggerated release of gonadotropins in rats primed with GnRH antagonist and treated with GnRH agonist was due to an increase in releasable gonadotropin pools coupled with a reduction in GnRH-R, but receptor function was preserved. PMID: 19200975 kisspeptin-GPR54 signalling in this region of the mediobasal hypothalamus is a critical neural component of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator. PMID: 20016824 These results suggest that the expression of LHbeta in the ovary is regulated by locally produced GnRH and by FSH from either the ovary or the pituitary. PMID: 19253008 Although the GnRH immunofluorescent signal showed no significant changes with age and estradiol treatment, the median eminence underwent both qualitative and quantitative structural changes with age. PMID: 19819960 Our data suggest reproductive aging in rats is characterized by structural organizational changes to the GnRH terminal microenvironment in the median eminence. PMID: 19757493 GnRH release from male marmoset monkey hypothalamic tissue is different in comparison to release dynamics from male rat, suggesting a species difference in feedback regulation of GnRH release. PMID: 19889867 the enhancer and promoter regions of the rat GnRH gene are necessary for targeted expression to hypothalamic neurons PMID: 11897697 Age-related changes in hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor gene expression, and their regulation by oestrogen, in the female rat. PMID: 11963827 The data suggest that adhesion-related kinase suppresses GnRH gene expression via the coordinated activation of a Rac-ERK signaling pathway and a distinct MEF2- dependent mechanism. PMID: 12138087 episodic GnRH gene expression is a promoter-dependent phenomenon, which is mediated by Oct-1 interaction with regulatory elements in the NSE region PMID: 12198245 Neuron-restricted expression is conferred by a cell-specific protein complex that binds repeated CAATT elements. PMID: 12403831 Leptin can act at both the cell bodies and axon terminals of GnRH neurons to stimulate the release of the neurohormone in vivo. PMID: 12433965 Anterior pituitary cells undergo a cyclic change in apoptotic cell death during the estrous cycle and the inhibition of apoptosis on estrus is due, at least in part, to the proestrous surge of GnRH secretion. PMID: 12457038 hypothalamic GnRH input drives the postnatal decline in pituitary melatonin receptor gene expression PMID: 12598657 GnRH is involved in thymic growth and may be important for maturation of T lymphocytes. PMID: 12639934 GnRH neurons were colocalized with the orexin receptor 1 (OX-R1), and the OX-R1-expressing GnRH neurons were contacted by orexin terminals, providing the basis for a functional neuroanatomical pathway. PMID: 12639939 gonadotropin releasing hormone may be involved in the functional regulation of the submaxillary gland through autocrine or paracrine activity PMID: 12697272 Ca/CAMK II plays a central role in the transmission of pulsatile GnRH signals from the plasma membrane to the rat alpha, LHbeta, and FSHbeta subunit genes. PMID: 12810529 GnRH signaling seems to involve adenylyl cyclase activation, PKC stimulation, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. PMID: 12810551 the mast cell increase seen in a reproductive context is the result of a parallel increase in GnRH-I positive and non-GnRH-I positive mast cells PMID: 12838577 results demonstrate that prolactin decreases annexin 5 mRNA in the luteal cells during pseudopregnancy possibly by suppressing action of gonadotropin releasing hormone PMID: 12865345 TGFbeta(1) is unable to directly modulate decapeptide release from GnRH nerve terminals. Astrocyte-derived TGFbeta(1) may directly influence GnRH expression and/or secretion in vivo by acting on perikarya, but not terminals, of GnRH neurons. PMID: 14670985 Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is key enzyme for pro-GnRH processing. Reproductive deficits in Cpe(fat/fat) males appear to be due primarily to abnormal sexual behavior. PMID: 14715715 expression of the GnRH gene is regulated in neurons by TALE homeodomain proteins and Oct-1 PMID: 15138251

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

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