Recombinant Mouse Pituitary Homeobox 3 (PITX3) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Mouse Pituitary Homeobox 3 (PITX3) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-10722P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Pituitary Homeobox 3 (PITX3) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	O35160
Target Symbol	PITX3
Synonyms	Pitx3; Pituitary homeobox 3; Homeobox protein PITX3; Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 3
Species	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	MEFGLLGEAEARSPALSLSDAGTPHPPLPEHGCKGQEHSDSEKASASLPGGSPEDGSLKKKQRRQRTHFTSQQLQELEATFQRNRYPDMSTREEIAVWTNLTEARVRVWFKNRRAKWRKRERSQQAELCKGGFAAPLGGLVPPYEEVYPGYSYGNWPPKALAPPLAAKTFPFAFNSVNVGPLASQPVFSPPSSIAASMVPSAAAAPGTVPGPGALQGLGGAPPGLAPAAVSSGAVSCPYASAAAAAAAAASSPYVYRDPCNSSLASLRLKAKQHASFSYPAVPGPPPAANLSPCQYAVERPV
Expression Range	1-302aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	58.7kDa
Research Area	Others
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Transcriptional regulator which is important for the differentiation and maintenance of meso-diencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons during development. In addition to its importance during development, it also has roles in the long-term survival and maintenance of the mdDA neurons. Activates NR4A2/NURR1-mediated transcription of genes such as SLC6A3, SLC18A2, TH and DRD2 which are essential for development of mdDA neurons. Acts by decreasing the interaction of NR4A2/NURR1 with the corepressor NCOR2/SMRT which acts through histone deacetylases (HDACs) to keep promoters of NR4A2/NURR1 target genes in a repressed deacetylated state. Essential for the normal lens development and differentiation. Plays a critical role in the maintenance of mitotic activity of lens epithelial cells, fiber cell differentiation and in the control of the temporal and spatial activation of fiber cell-specific crystallins. Positively regulates FOXE3 expression and negatively regulates PROX1 in the anterior lens epithelium, preventing activation of CDKN1B/P27Kip1 and CDKN1C/P57Kip2 and thus maintains lens epithelial cells in cell cycle.
Subcellular Location	Nucleus.
Protein Families	Paired homeobox family, Bicoid subfamily
Database References	KEGG: mmu:18742 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000026259 UniGene: PMID: 27514757 in absence of En1 and Pitx3, only a limited number of Mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurons are present in mouse embryo. PMID: 28800615 Pitx3 is specifically required for DA-related function and, if impaired, Pitx3 could contribute during the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. PMID: 26363812 the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway is both necessary and sufficient for the induction of ectopic PITX3 expression in chick mesencephalon downstream of WNT9A-induced LMX1a transcription. PMID: 26755703 microphthalmos/aphakia inPITX3 nonsense mutant is caused by the expression of truncated PITX3, resulting in the abnormal expression of downstream targets and lens fiber proteins. PMID: 25347445 Pitx3 binds to an evolutionary conserved bicoid-binding site on the 5'-upstream region of Foxe3. Pitx3 binding to 5'-upstream region of Foxe3 increased transcriptional activity significantly in a cell-based reporter assay. PMID: 24307298 Pitx3 overexpressing mouse significantly affects the gene expression of midbrain dopamine neurons. Motor coordination and locomotion activities are significantly affected in mice overexpressing Pitx3 mice. PMID: 24680684 Primary fetal neurobehavioral deficit of the Pitx3 mutation is akinesia related to nigrostriatal damage. PMID: 23489835 Two crucial mediators of mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neuronal development, En1 and Pitx3, interact in dopaminergic subset specification. PMID: 23863478 a novel link between Pitx3 function and the selective pattern of midbrain dopaminergic neurons cell loss observed in Parkinson's disease. PMID: 23331067 Reduced Th expression was associated with loss of Pitx3. PMID: 23145024 Pitx3 mutant mice are a convenient and valid mouse model to study the compensatory 5-HT upregulation PMID: 23159831 The Pitx3 gene is well known for its specific expression in mdDA neurons and is present at the onset of terminal differentiation. PMID: 22870339 Pitx3 acts on multiple levels in the molecular subset-specification of mdDA neurons. PMID: 22069189 Pitx3-deficient aphakia mice display unique behavioral responses to psychostimulant and antipsychotic drugs PMID: 20026251 The frame-shift mutation (Pitx eyl ) affects the C-terminal part of the transcription factor Pitx3 and causes alterations in the eye and brain. PMID: 20033184 A homeodomain protein that is required for development of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. PMID: 12655058 only a subset of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons expresses Pitx3, and in Pitx3-deficient aphakia mice, this subset is progressively lost by apoptosis during fetal and postnatal development PMID: 12702666 In Pitx3-deficient ak/ak mice, dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra fail to develop properly, and dopamine levels are reduced in the striatum. PMID: 12829322 Pitx3 is specifically required for the formation of the substantia nigra subfield at the onset of dopaminergic neuron differentiation. PMID: 14973278 Pitx3 specifies and maintenains A9-like neuronal properties, while Nurr1 influences overall midbrain DA specification. These findings may be important for modifying ES cells to generate an optimal cell source for transplantation therapy of PD. PMID: 15691706 Pitx3 regulates tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra and identifies a subgroup of mesencephalic dopaminergic progenitor neurons during mouse development. PMID: 15950611 In conclusion, PITX3-deficient mice display specific molecular and cellular alterations in the mDA system that provide new insights in compensatory mechanisms present in mDA-associated disorders such as PD. PMID: 16140547 pitx3 deficiency in a natural mouse mutant, the aphakia mouse, was correlated with the loss of these neurons and with a deficit in locomotor activity PMID: 16269007 Pitx3-deficient mice have neural adaptations at the level of the nucleus accumbens microcircuitry that in turn may have behavioral consequences. PMID: 16837663 Pitx3 is involved in a mdDA developmental cascade linked to RA signaling. PMID: 17592014 investigation of role of miRNAs in midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DNs); miR-133b regulates the maturation and function of midbrain DNs within a negative feedback circuit that includes the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor Pitx3 PMID: 17761882 Myogenic basic helix-loop-helix regulatory factor activation of Pitx3 transcription may be part of a positive feedback loop contributing to establishment of the myogenic program PMID: 17848564 Phenotypic segregation of aphakia and Pitx3-null mutants reveals that Pitx3 deficiency increases consolidation of specific movement components. PMID: 17919745 Motor deficits and altered striatal gene expression in aphakia (ak) mice. PMID: 17949697 Reduction in 5-HT levels in Pitx3-deficient mice decreased their locommotor activity to normal levels and increased the locomotor activity of control mice. PMID: 18215235 Use of a Pitx3-enhanced green fluorescent protein (Pitx3-eGFP) knock-in mouse blastocyst-derived embryonic stem (mES) cell line and flow cytometry) to select and purify midbrain dopamine neurons. PMID: 18388307 Pitx3-CreER mice show restricted Cre expression in developing ocular lens and skeletal muscle. PMID: 18543300 Pitx3-deficient Aphakia mice are impaired in striatum-dependent cognitive tasks including rotarod learning, T-maze and inhibitory avoidance tasks, but not the striatum-independent social transmission of food preference task. PMID: 18573342 Pitx3 is essential to maintain lens epithelial phenotype and prevent inappropriate fibre cell differentiation during lens development PMID: 19007884 Data found that reduced expression of Pitx3 leads to changes in the proliferation, differentiation and survival of lens cells. PMID: 19334279 Our study, using Pitx3-deficient embryonic stem cells in an in-vitro differentiation culture system, allowed us to assess the role of Pitx3 in the specification and final maturation of dopaminergic neurons. PMID: 19508691

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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