Recombinant Mouse Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) Protein (His-SUMO)

Name: Recombinant Mouse Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) Protein (His-SUMO)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-09252P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) Protein (His-SUMO) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P37238
Target Symbol	PPARG
Synonyms	Pparg; Nr1c3; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PPAR-gamma; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 3
Species	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-SUMO
Target Protein Sequence	MGETLGDSPVDPEHGAFADALPMSTSQEITMVDTEMPFWPTNFGISSVDLSVMEDHSHSFDIKPFTTVDFSSISAPHYEDIPFTRADPMVADYKYDLKLQEYQSAIKVEPASPPYYSEKTQLYNRPHEEPSNSLMAIECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLIYDRCDLNCRIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLAVGMSHNAIRFGRMPQAEKEKLLAEISSDIDQLNPESADLRALAKHLYDSYIKSFPLTKAKARAILTGKTTDKSPFVIYDMNSLMMGEDKIKFKHITPLQEQSKEVAIRIFQGCQFRSVEAVQEITEYAKNIPGFINLDLNDQVTLLKYGVHEIIYTMLASLMNKDGVLISEGQGFMTREFLKSLRKPFGDFMEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLAIFIAVIILSGDRPGLLNVKPIEDIQDNLLQALELQLKLNHPESSQLFAKVLQKMTDLRQIVTEHVQLLHVIKKTETDMSLHPLLQEIYKDLY
Expression Range	1-505aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	73.6 kDa
Research Area	Epigenetics And Nuclear Signaling
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1 in the blood vessels.
Subcellular Location	Nucleus. Cytoplasm.
Protein Families	Nuclear hormone receptor family, NR1 subfamily
Database References	KEGG: mmu:19016 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000000450 UniGene: Mm.3020
Tissue Specificity	Highest expression in white and brown adipose tissue. Also found in liver, skeletal muscle, heart, adrenal gland, spleen, kidney and intestine. Isoform 2 is more abundant than isoform 1 in adipose tissue.

Gene Functions References

these studies identify a PPARgamma-dependent miR-424/503-CD40 signaling axis that is critical for regulation of inflammation mediated angiogenesis PMID: 28566713
WISP1 interacts with PPARgamma and that this interaction results in the inhibition of PPARgamma activity. T PMID: 28496206
manipulation of PPAR-gamma activity has the potential to balance lipid-induced M1/M2 macrophage/Kupffer cell polarization. PMID: 28300213
we identified IRF6 as a novel PPARgamma co-suppressor that serves a key role in suppressing PPARgamma-mediated cerebrovascular endothelial cytoprotection following ischemia. PMID: 28526834
Data show that a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)-dependent adipogenic response regulates muscle fat infiltration during regeneration. PMID: 30011852
High fat diet-induced obesity exacerbates hematopoiesis deficiency and cytopenia caused by 5-fluorouracil via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. PMID: 29305999
findings suggest that MCAM is a gene upregulated and involved in maintaining PPARgamma induction in the late but not in the early stages of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts adipogenesis. PMID: 29468504
Results suggest that hypothalamic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma plays a vital role in ghrelin production and food intake in mice. PMID: 29655655
Data suggest that expression of microRNA-128-3p is down-regulated during adipogenesis; an abundance of microRNA-128-3p appears to down-regulate adipogenesis and up-regulate lipolysis in adipocytes by targeting expression of Pparg (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) and Sertad2 (SERTA domain-containing protein-2). PMID: 29654510
The present study suggests for the first time that increased PPAR-gmma expression by high fat diet is responsible for cardiac dysfunction via upregulation of mitochondrial enzymes HMGCS2, BDH1 and PDK4. PMID: 30048968
Data suggests that exposure to vitamin D deficiency during perinatal period directly affects expression of genes involved in development of adipose tissue in non-obese offspring; expression levels of Pparg (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) and Vdr (vitamin D receptor) are up-regulated in adipose tissue of male offspring. PMID: 28004271
Our results found that, in the mice with T2D and AD, the activators of PPARg/AMPK signaling pathway significantly increased the expression level of IDE, and decreased the accumulation of Ab40 and Ab42, as well as alleviated the spatial learning and recognition impairments. PMID: 29222348
PPARgamma functions as a checkpoint, guarding against inflammation, and is permissive for alternative activation of macrophages by facilitating glutamine metabolism PMID: 30006480
Inhibition of this phosphorylation results in deregulation of p53 signaling, and biochemical studies show that PPARgamma physically interacts with p53 in a manner dependent on S273 phosphorylation. PMID: 29295932
Direct regulation of mitochondrially encoded electron transport chain gene expression by mitochondrial PPARgamma2, in part, underlies the isoform-specific role for PPARgamma2 in brown adipocytes. PMID: 29566074
L-Carnitine alleviated epithelial mesenchymal transformation-associated renal fibrosis caused by perfluorooctanesulfonate through a Sirt1- and PPARgamma-dependent mechanism. PMID: 28973641
Pgc-1beta (-/-) hearts show pro-arrhythmic instabilities attributable to altered action potential conduction and activation rather than recovery characteristics. PMID: 28821956
CACUL1 reciprocally regulates SIRT1 and LSD1 to repress PPARgamma and inhibit adipogenesis. PMID: 29233982
results support a stimulatory effect of Pb on adipogenesis which involves ERK activation and C/EBPbeta upregulation prior to PPARgamma and adipogenesis activation. PMID: 28646352
Overexpressing STAMP2 attenuates adipose tissue angiogenesis and insulin resistance in diabetic ApoE(-/-) /LDLR(-/-) mouse via a PPARgamma/CD36 pathway. PMID: 28631352
demonstrate that chronic ethanol ingestion activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and its target gene, monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (MGAT1) PMID: 27404390
The present results indicated that PPARgamma may serve a protective role on bEnd.3 cells and that BIRC5 may be a downstream target of PPARgamma regulation during cerebral ischemia. PMID: 29039513
this study shows that Osterix represses adipogenesis by negatively regulating PPARgamma transcriptional activity PMID: 27752121
HDAC3 inhibition in particular enhanced PPARgamma acetylation, prevented Klotho loss, and consequentially attenuated renal damage in mice model of chronic kidney disease. PMID: 28416226
additional transgenic mouse PPAR-gamma or pharmacological activation of PPAR-gamma effectively prevented transgenic mouse DNMT1-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages and atherosclerosis development in the mouse model. PMID: 27530451
data demonstrated that reduction of Pparg expression in T-helper cells is critical for spontaneous SLE-like autoimmune disease development; we also revealed a novel function of PPARgamma in lymphocyte trafficking and cross talk between Th17 and B cells. PMID: 27221351
the extracts dramatically attenuated the levels of adipogenic transcriptional factors, including CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPa), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPb), and gamma receptors by peroxisome proliferators (PPARg), during adipogenesis PMID: 28604636
these findings identified an important role of renal tubular epithelium-targeted PPAR-gamma in maintaining the normal epithelial phenotype and opposing fibrogenesis, possibly via antagonizing oxidative stress PMID: 27602490
Activation of PPARgamma in hematopoietic stem cells impaired hematopoietic repopulation. PPARgamma inhibition by shRNA or chemical compounds significantly improves the repopulating ability of Fancd2-/- HSCs. PMID: 28416286
Study found that the metabolic master regulator PGC-1alpha is differentially affected by ALS-associated mutations in brain vs. peripheral tissues. Increased PGC-1alpha activity in peripheral tissue contributes to the metabolic phenotype, while in the CNS blunting of the PGC-1alpha response renders motoneurons vulnerable. PMID: 27818323
DBZ is a putative PPARgamma agonist that prevents HFD-induced obesity-related metabolic syndrome and reverse gut dysbiosis. DBZ may be used as a beneficial probiotic agent to improve HFD-induced obesity-related metabolic syndrome in obese individuals PMID: 28736228
Altogether, the authors demonstrate that Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b protect the epidermis from tumorigenesis and that squamous carcinomas are sensitive to inhibition of PPAR-gamma. PMID: 28425913
FBXO9 directly interacted with PPAR gamma through the activation function-1 domain and ligand-binding domain. FBXO9 decreased the protein stability of PPAR gamma through induction of ubiquitination. PMID: 27197753
inhibition of Hsp90 in Sec61a1 mutant hepatocytes also reduced Ppargamma protein levels and signaling. PMID: 24927728
TET proteins, particularly TET2, were required for adipogenesis by modulating DNA methylation at the Ppargamma locus, subsequently by inducing Ppargamma gene expression. PMID: 28100914
ATIP plays an important role in AT2 receptor-mediated PPARgamma activation. PMID: 26471325
Our data showed that besides the high parasite burden and lack of microbicidal molecules, an imbalance with high COX-2 and 5-LOX eicosanoid expression and a lack of regulatory PPAR-gamma cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation in macrophages were observed in mice that develop cerebral malaria. PMID: 27887739
These results uncover a murine hepatic steatosis regulatory axis consisting of ABL1-PPARgamma2-MLL4, which may serve as a target of anti-steatosis drug development. PMID: 27806304
Data suggest that a dietary factor, dietary supplement conjugated linoleic acid, improves endurance capacity of skeletal muscles independent of mild-intensity exercise/conditioning via Pparg-mediated mechanisms involved in gene expression regulation. PMID: 27736732
madecassic acid was the active form of madecassoside in ameliorating colitis by restoring the Th17/Treg balance via regulating the PPARgamma/AMPK/ACC1 pathway. PMID: 28358365
Pin1 enhances adipocyte differentiation by regulating the function of PPARgamma. PMID: 27475846
The authors report that macrophage PPARgamma deletion in mice not only exacerbates mammary tumor development but also impairs the anti-tumor effects of rosiglitazone. Mechanistically, the authors identify Gpr132 as a novel direct PPARgamma target in macrophage whose expression is enhanced by PPARgamma loss but repressed by PPARgamma activation. PMID: 27692066
Data indicate that obesity-induced insulin resistance and lipotoxicity can be treated with ginsenoside Rg3, which acts though the STAT5-PPAR gamma pathway in vivo and in vitro. PMID: 29042402
TAK1 is required for PPARgamma transactivation and promotes PPARgamma transcriptional activity synergistically with TAK1 binding protein 1 (TAB1). PMID: 27293199
PPAR gamma role in fat deposition and body weight gain.PPAR gamma is regulated by miR-27b. PMID: 28943435
Time course analysis demonstrated that the adipogenic 'hub', sampled by PPARgamma and Lpin1, undergoes orchestrated reorganization during adipogenesis. PMID: 28755519
Aleglitazar protects cardiomyocytes against hyperglycaemia-induced apoptosis by combined activation of both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. PMID: 28111985
IRF6 suppresses PPARgamma through binding IRF recognition sites located upstream of the PPARgamma coding region. Taken together, the results suggest that an IRF6/PPARgamma regulatory axis suppresses anti-inflammatory responses in bone marrow-derived macrophages and provides references for future study addressing dysregulated metabolic and immunologic homeostasis of obese adipose tissue. PMID: 28645193
adipogenic miR-27a in adipose tissue upregulates macrophage activation via inhibiting PPARgamma of insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet-associated obesity PMID: 28365247
Report shows the identification of a novel Pparg splicing variant, Pparc1sv, in mice that is synergistically upregulated with Pparc2 during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and mouse primary cultured preadipocytes. Both promotors are activated by C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta. PMID: 23840343

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

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