Recombinant Mouse Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein (MLKL) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Mouse Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein (MLKL) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-10344P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein (MLKL) Protein (His) is produced by our Yeast expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q9D2Y4
Target Symbol	MLKL
Synonyms	MlklMixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
Species	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Expression System	Yeast
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	MDKLGQIIKLGQLIYEQCEKMKYCRKQCQRLGNRVHGLLQPLQRLQAQGKKNLPDDITAALGRFDEVLKEANQQIEKFSKKSHIWKFVSVGNDKILFHEVNEKLRDVWEELLLLLQVYHWNTVSDVSQPASWQQEDRQDAEEDGNENMKVILMQLQISVEEINKTLKQCSLKPTQEIPQDLQIKEIPKEHLGPPWTKLKTSKMSTIYRGEYHRSPVTIKVFNNPQAESVGIVRFTFNDEIKTMKKFDSPNILRIFGICIDQTVKPPEFSIVMEYCELGTLRELLDREKDLTMSVRSLLVLRAARGLYRLHHSETLHRNISSSSFLVAGGYQVKLAGFELSKTQNSISRTAKSTKAERSSSTIYVSPERLKNPFCLYDIKAEIYSFGIVLWEIATGKIPFEGCDSKKIRELVAEDKKQEPVGQDCPELLREIINECRAHEPSQRPSVDGRSLSGRERILERLSAVEESTDKKV
Expression Range	1-472aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	56.3kDa
Research Area	Others
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Pseudokinase that plays a key role in TNF-induced necroptosis, a programmed cell death process. Does not have protein kinase activity. Activated following phosphorylation by RIPK3, leading to homotrimerization, localization to the plasma membrane and execution of programmed necrosis characterized by calcium influx and plasma membrane damage. In addition to TNF-induced necroptosis, necroptosis can also take place in the nucleus in response to orthomyxoviruses infection: following ZBP1 activation, which senses double-stranded Z-RNA structures, nuclear RIPK3 catalyzes phosphorylation and activation of MLKL, promoting disruption of the nuclear envelope and leakage of cellular DNA into the cytosol. Binds to highly phosphorylated inositol phosphates such as inositolhexakisphosphate (InsP6) which is essential for its necroptotic function.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm. Cell membrane. Nucleus.
Protein Families	Protein kinase superfamily
Database References	KEGG: mmu:74568 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000113718 UniGene: PMID: 27840306 M. tuberculosis and TNFalpha synergise to induce necroptosis in murine fibroblasts via RIPK1-dependent mechanisms and characterized by phosphorylation of Ser345 of the MLKL necroptosis death effector. PMID: 28892415 hydrostatic pressure (EHP)-induced RGC-5 cell necroptosis was mediated by MLKL PMID: 28981598 Biological events and molecular signaling following MLKL activation during necroptosis have been reported. PMID: 28854080 The authors report here that male reproductive organs of both Ripk3- and Mlkl-knockout mice retain 'youthful' morphology and function into advanced age, while those of age-matched wild-type mice deteriorate. Feeding of wild-type mice with an RIPK1 inhibitor prior to the normal onset of age-related changes in their reproductive organs blocked the appearance of signs of aging. PMID: 28807105 Data indicate that mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) oligomerization, membrane translocation, and cell death occur simultaneously with NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. PMID: 28096356 Pull down experiments with biotinylated Sorafenib show that it binds independently RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL. Moreover, it inhibits RIPK1 and RIPK3 kinase activity. In vivo Sorafenib protects against TNF-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). PMID: 28661484 Knock-out mice deficient in MLKL or RIP3 had increased survival and reduced pulmonary injury during Serratia marcescens pneumonia. PMID: 28387756 Our findings reveal that MLKL and FADD play critical roles in preventing lymphoproliferative disease and activating the NLRP3 inflammasome PMID: 27498868 RIPK3 and/or MLKL may exert functions independently of necroptosis. PMID: 27523270 Data suggest that necroptotic cells externalize phosphatidylserine (PS) after translocation of phosphorylated Mlkl to cell membrane; necroptotic cells with exposed PS release extracellular vesicles containing Mlkl; inhibition of Mlkl after PS exposure can reverse process of necroptosis and restore cell viability. PMID: 28650960 results reveal a pathway for MLKL-dependent programmed necrosis that is executed in the absence of RIPK3 and potentially drives the pathogenesis of severe liver diseases. PMID: 27756058 Mice deficient in RIPK3 or doubly deficient in MLKL and FADD, but not MLKL alone, are more susceptible to influenza A virus than their wild-type counterparts, revealing an important role for RIPK3-mediated apoptosis in antiviral immunity. PMID: 27321907 MLKL octamer formation depends on alpha-helices 4 and 5. PMID: 27920255 The findings reported here indicate that palmitate induces RIP1/RIP3-dependent necrosis via MLKL-mediated pore formation of RAW 264.7 cells in the plasma membrane, which could provide a new mechanism to explain the link between elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), palmitate in particular, and macrophage death. PMID: 27856241 The results indicate that RIP1 and MLKL contribute to necroptotic cell death after HCoV-OC43 infection to limit viral replication. PMID: 27795420 In AML, Mlkl expression is reduced. This leads to reduced activation of the inflammasome and reduced myeloid differentiation. PMID: 27411587 we demonstrate that the phosphorylation of Ser345 is not required for the interaction between RIPK3 and MLKL in the necrosome, but is essential for MLKL translocation, accumulation in the plasma membrane, and consequent necroptosis. PMID: 26024392 deficiency of RIPK3 or MLKL prevents oxalate crystal-induced acute kidney injury. PMID: 26817517 RIPK3 can promote NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1beta inflammatory responses independent of MLKL and necroptotic cell death PMID: 25693118 Cisplatin stimulates RIP1/RP3/MLKL-dependent necrotic cell death in renal tubules, which finally causes renal dysfunction PMID: 25788533 These data reveal a potential role for RIPK3 as a suppressor of MLKL activation and indicate that phosphorylation can fine-tune the ability of MLKL to induce necroptosis. PMID: 26283547 MLKL acctivation unleashes the four-helix bundle domain to induce membrane localization and necroptotic cell death PMID: 25288762 Ectopic expression of ICP6, but not RHIM mutant ICP6, directly activated RIP3/MLKL-mediated necrosis. PMID: 25316792 Knockdown of RIPK3 or MLKL blocks TNF-induced necroptosis. PMID: 24434512 [review] Although studies have demonstrated that mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein is the only substrate of RIP3 kinase that is essential for necroptotic death, the molecular determinants acting downstream of MLKL remain ambiguous. PMID: 24556404 Data suggest that nucleotide- (ATP-) binding residues of human MLKL have divergently evolved from mouse Mlkl and conventional protein kinases; studies include small-angle X-ray scattering, thermal shift of nucleotide binding, and sequence alignment. PMID: 24219132 Neither Mlkl nor Rip3 deficiency provided protection against polymicrobial sepsis-induced animal death in the study of septic shock induced by CLP. PMID: 23835476 Toll-like receptor 3-mediated necrosis via TRIF, RIP3, and MLKL. PMID: 24019532 crystal structure determined; structure-guided mutation of the MLKL pseudoactive site resulted in constitutive, RIPK3-independent necroptosis, demonstrating that modification of MLKL is essential for propagation of the necroptosis pathway downstream of RIPK3 PMID: 24012422 the importance of the RIP3-MLKL interaction in the formation of functional necrosomes and suggest that translocation of necrosomes to mitochondria-associated membranes is essential for necroptosis signaling. PMID: 23612963 Findings implicate MLKL as a key mediator of necrosis signaling downstream of the kinase RIP3. PMID: 22265413

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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Recombinant Mouse Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein (MLKL) Protein (His)

Recombinant Mouse Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein (MLKL) Protein (His)

Product Overview

Target Details

FAQs