Recombinant Mouse Methylcytosine Dioxygenase Tet2 (TET2) Protein (His-KSI)

Name: Recombinant Mouse Methylcytosine Dioxygenase Tet2 (TET2) Protein (His-KSI)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-11227P
Availability: InStock

Based on the SEQUEST from database of E.coli host and target protein, the LC-MS/MS Analysis result of this product could indicate that this peptide derived from E.coli-expressed Mus musculus (Mouse) Tet2.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Methylcytosine Dioxygenase Tet2 (TET2) Protein (His-KSI) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q4JK59
Target Symbol	TET2
Synonyms	Tet2; Kiaa1546Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2; EC 1.14.11.n2; Protein Ayu17-449
Species	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-KSI
Target Protein Sequence	RISLVLYRHKNLFLPKHCLALWEAKMAEKARKEEECGKNGSDHVSQKNHGKQEKREPTGPQEPSYLRFIQSLAENTGSVTTDSTVTTSPYAFTQVTGPYNTFV
Expression Range	1810-1912aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	27.0 kDa
Research Area	Epigenetics And Nuclear Signaling
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and plays a key role in active DNA demethylation. Has a preference for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in CpG motifs. Also mediates subsequent conversion of 5hmC into 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and conversion of 5fC to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Conversion of 5mC into 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC probably constitutes the first step in cytosine demethylation. Methylation at the C5 position of cytosine bases is an epigenetic modification of the mammalian genome which plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. In addition to its role in DNA demethylation, also involved in the recruitment of the O-GlcNAc transferase OGT to CpG-rich transcription start sites of active genes, thereby promoting histone H2B GlcNAcylation by OGT.
Protein Families	TET family
Database References	KEGG: mmu:214133 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000096203 UniGene: Mm.347816
Tissue Specificity	Highly expressed in the brain, kidney, heart, lung, muscle and stomach. Present in embryonic stem cells (ES cells).

Gene Functions References

These results highlight the critical role of TET2 in the maintenance of BMSC functions and osteoblast differentiation and provide evidence that dysregulation of epigenetic modifiers in BMSCs contributes to the progression of myeloid malignancies. PMID: 29290626
Tet2/Nras double-mutant leukemia showed preferential sensitivity to MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibition in both mouse model and patient samples PMID: 29275866
Results indicate that tet oncogene 1 protein (Tet1) and tet oncogene 2 protein (Tet2) play a critical role in maintaining bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs) and bone homeostasis through demethylation of P2X7 purinoceptor (P2rX7) to control exosome and miRNA release. PMID: 29858571
RHOA G17V expression together with Tet2 loss resulted in development of angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma in mice PMID: 29398449
findings demonstrate the requirement for microbial-dependent inflammation in the development of pre-leukaemic myeloproliferation (PMP) and provide a mechanistic basis for the variation in PMP penetrance observed in Tet2(-/-) mice; this study will prompt new lines of investigation that may profoundly affect the prevention and management of haematopoietic malignancies PMID: 29769727
Tet2-/- mice develop spontaneous myeloid, T- and B-cell malignancies after long latencies with higher mutation frequencies at genomic sites that gained 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, where Tet2 normally binds. PMID: 28440315
these results indicate that Tet2 is involved in myoblast differentiation through promoting DNA demethylation and myogenic gene expression. PMID: 28272491
this is the first evidence to suggest that TET2 mutations promote clonal dominance with aging by conferring TNFalpha resistance to sensitive bone marrow progenitors while also propagating such an inflammatory environment. PMID: 29195897
Suggest a role for TET2 in the pathogenesis of psoriasiform dermatitis. PMID: 29542811
TET2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy by activating TGFbeta1 expression through demethylation of CpG islands in the TGFbeta1 regulatory region PMID: 29705354
study reveals a previously unknown regulatory role of Tet2 at the epitranscriptomic level, promoting myelopoiesis during infection in the mammalian system by decreasing 5-mCs in mRNAs; moreover, the inhibitory function of cytosine methylation on double-stranded RNA formation and Adar1 binding in mRNA reveals its new physiological role in the mammalian system PMID: 29364877
This work revealed a critical role of TET2-mediated DNA demethylation against oxidative stress, and provided the molecular mechanisms underlying the epigenetic regulation of iron homeostasis in response to stress erythropoiesis. PMID: 28697999
Iron(II)/alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Catalytic Domains of the TET Enzymes PMID: 27362828
TET2 has the effect of inhibiting LPS-induced macrophage activation and plays an inhibitory role in macrophage M1 and M2 polarization. PMID: 29089070
TET1 and TET2 play an important role in the proliferation of neural stem cells in the adult mouse brain. PMID: 27778125
we identified that TET2 was downregulated during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The downregulation of TET2 promotes the methylation of the Beclin 1 promoter, leading to endothelial cell autophagy, impaired autophagic flux, and inflammatory factor upregulation. PMID: 27821816
These findings suggest that the catalytic and scaffolding activities of TDG are essential for retinoic acid-dependent gene expression and provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying targeting of TET-TDG complexes. PMID: 28538185
TET2 requires its catalytic activity in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to exert its myeloid malignancy-suppressive function PMID: 27003514
this article demonstrates that TET2 regulates CD8+ T cell differentiation PMID: 29150566
TET proteins, particularly TET2, were required for adipogenesis by modulating DNA methylation at the Ppargamma locus, subsequently by inducing Ppargamma gene expression. PMID: 28100914
Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) was the most highly expressed Tet enzyme in murine macrophage (MPhi) differentiation. PMID: 28826859
in the absence of TET2, mast cell differentiation is under the control of compensatory mechanisms mediated by other TET family members, while proliferation is strictly dependent on TET2 expression. PMID: 27160912
ablation of Tet2 in myeloid cells suppresses melanoma growth in vivo and shifted the immunosuppressive gene expression program in tumor-associated macrophages to a proinflammatory one PMID: 28813659
These results support the hypothesis that somatic TET2 mutations in blood cells play a causal role in atherosclerosis. PMID: 28104796
Loss of TET2 expression is associated with development of malignancy. PMID: 27428748
confirm the transformation potential of DNMT3A(R882H) Tet2(-/-) progenitors and represent the first cooperative model in mice involving Tet2 inactivation driving lymphoid malignancies PMID: 26876596
indicate that AID and TET2 share common effects on myeloid and erythroid lineage differentiation, however, their role is nonredundant in regulating HSC self-renewal and in myeloid transformation. PMID: 28077417
the results showed that low shear stress downregulated endothelial cell autophagy by impaired TET2 expression, which might contribute to the atherogenic process. PMID: 26493943
Zfp281 interacts with Tet1, but not Tet2, and its direct transcriptional target, miR-302/367, to negatively regulate Tet2 expression to establish and maintain primed pluripotency. PMID: 27345836
tet2 activity in GnRH neurons has influence over the neuroendocrine control of male reproductive function PMID: 27384303
Our data implicate TET enzymes ( TET1 and TET2 )in the evolutionary dynamics of TEs, both in the context of exaptation processes and of retrotransposition control. The dual role of TET action on LINE-1s may reflect the evolutionary battle between TEs and the host PMID: 27863519
this study demonstrates the critical role of TET proteins in regulating the crosstalk between two key epigenetic mechanisms. PMID: 27288448
The data suggest that TET2 activity and the levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and its derivatives should be tightly controlled to avoid genetic and chromosomal instabilities. PMID: 27289557
TET2 plays a role in the iron and heme metabolism in erythroblasts. PMID: 28167288
the effects of vitamin C inhibiting the apo(a) expression were attenuated by ELK1siRNA and Tet2siRNA. These results suggested vitamin C down-regulate apo(a) expression via Tet2-dependent DNA demethylation in HepG2 cells PMID: 28192139
Reprogramming of spermatogonial stem cells from Tet1 and Tet2 double knockout mice however lacked demethylation of H19 imprinting control regions. PMID: 26328763
The critical roles of TET1/2 individually. PMID: 26586431
Tet2 was responsible for increase in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine abundance after ischemic injury. PMID: 26231219
These results uncover the hypermethylation of DNA methylation canyons as the genomic key feature of Tet1/Tet2 double-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PMID: 26598602
our results indicate that neuronal TET2 is positively involved in the regulation of cell survival. PMID: 26378518
UNG might be involved in Tet-mediated DNA demethylation. PMID: 26620559
Findings indicate a novel type of hematological malignancy induced by tet oncogene 2 protein (Tet2) loss. PMID: 24844363
Both TET1 and TET2 are required for the repression of embryonic stem cells differentiation by PRDM14. PMID: 26325469
reduced expression leads to Foxp3 hypermethylation and impairment of Treg-cell-associated immune homeostasis PMID: 26275994
mechanistic evidence for the gene-specific transcription repression activity of Tet2 via histone deacetylation and for the prevention of constant transcription activation at the chromatin level for resolving inflammation PMID: 26287468
These epigenetic changes, seen in Tet2 insufficiency-triggered lymphoma, possibly contributed to predated outgrowth of Tfh-like cells and subsequent lymphomagenesis. PMID: 25501021
SIRT6 functions as a chromatin regulator safeguarding the balance between pluripotency and differentiation through Tet-mediated production of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. PMID: 25915124
effect of Tet2 loss in preleukemic hematopoietic cells is progressive and widespread DNA hypermethylation affecting up to 25% of active enhancer elements. PMID: 25886910
Data indicate the cooperation between receptor tyrosine kinase KIT D816V mutation and loss of function of tet oncogene 2 (TET2) in mast cell transformation in systemic mastocytosis (SM). PMID: 24788138
Tet2 promotes DNA demethylation and activation of cytokine gene expression in T cells. PMID: 25862091

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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