Recombinant Mouse Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (SLC1A2) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Mouse Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (SLC1A2) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-10212P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Based on the SEQUEST from database of E.coli host and target protein, the LC-MS/MS Analysis result of this product could indicate that this peptide derived from E.coli-expressed Mus musculus (Mouse) Slc1a2.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (SLC1A2) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P43006
Target Symbol	SLC1A2
Synonyms	Slc1a2; Eaat2; Glt1Excitatory amino acid transporter 2; GLT-1; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 2; Solute carrier family 1 member 2
Species	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	HPGNPKLKKQLGPGKKNDEVSSLDAFLDLIRNLFPENLVQACFQQIQTVTKKVLVAPPSEEANTTKAVISMLNETMNEAPEETKIVIKKGLEFKDG
Expression Range	143-238aa
Protein Length	partial
Mol. Weight	37.6kDa
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport. Essential for the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, and for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
Protein Families	Dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family, SLC1A2 subfamily
Database References	KEGG: mmu:20511 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000079100 UniGene: PMID: 29214672 Study shows that high-fat feeding induces metabolic disorders and disrupts lactate metabolism in the hippocampus. Glial glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT-1 may contribute to the high-fat diet induced abnormalities of the hippocampal lactate metabolism. PMID: 29051084 Interaction of the IgG-AQP4 complex with FcgammaRs triggers coendocytosis of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2. PMID: 28461494 GLT1 deletion in spinal cord causes motor deficits. GLT1 deletion in spinal cord induces spinal motor neuron loss. GLT1 deletion in spinal cord induces gliosis in the ventral horn. PMID: 29458024 Authors demonstrated that the upregulation of GLT1 corrected Purkinje cell firing and motor incoordination in myotonic dystrophy. PMID: 28658620 suggest that VGluT2 and GLT-1 may be differentially involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis via abnormal glutamate homeostasis at the presymptomatic stage and end stage of disease, respectively PMID: 28526579 Immunoreactivity of vGluT1 in continuous theta-burst stimulation (iTBS; cTBS) repeated session (RS) decreased, while GLT-1 increased in cTBS SS and cTBS RS, compared to control PMID: 27623095 Decreased glial and synaptic glutamate uptake due to low GLT-1 expression has been found in the striatum of HIV-1 gp120 transgenic mice. PMID: 26567011 interactions of NF-kappaB and N-myc with GLT-1/EAAT2 promoter sequences was significantly elevated in the ipsi-lateral cortex of both adult and old Traumatic brain injury mice. PMID: 26081154 infection of co-cultures with shRNA directed against recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J, a Notch effector, also reduces endothelia-dependent increases in enhanced green fluorescent protein and GLT-1 PMID: 28771710 Mutation of the caspase-3 cleavage site in the astroglial glutamate transporter EAAT2 delays disease progression and extends lifespan in the SOD1-G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis PMID: 28342750 The upregulation of GLT-1 induced by transplanted neural precursor cells was found to rely on the secretion of VEGF by neural precursor cells PMID: 27733606 We demonstrate that the R6/1 transgenic mouse model of HD has lower basal levels of cystine, and showed depressive-like behaviors in the forced-swim test. Administration of NAC reversed these behaviors. This effect was blocked by co-administration of the system xc(-) and GLT-1 inhibitors CPG and DHK, showing that glutamate transporter activity was required for the antidepressant effects of NAC PMID: 27179791 Consistent with glutamate dysregulation, analysis of neurons reveal changes in morphology including a reduction in dendritic spines, VGlut1 and NeuN immunoreactivity PMID: 27281462 A significant initial increase in dorsal hippocampal GLT1 immunoreactivity and protein levels were observed 1day post epilepsy and followed by a marked downregulation at 4 and 7days post epilepsy with a return to near control levels by 30days post epilepsy. PMID: 27155358 These results demonstrate that focal restoration of GLT1 expression in the superficial dorsal horn is a promising target for treating chronic neuropathic pain following SCI. PMID: 26496514 Lipid raft integrity, ensured by DHCR24, plays a crucial role in the ischemic brain by guaranteeing EAAT2-mediated uptake of glutamate excess. PMID: 26628388 Findings suggest that focal restoration of glutamate transporter 1,expression in astrocytes of the cervical spinal cord using adeno-associated virus delivery is not an effective therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID: 25818008 we have demonstrated for the first time that DOR receptor activation induces astrocytic expression of EAAT1 and EAAT2 PMID: 25052197 neuronal GLT-1 but not astrocytic GLT-1 contributed significantly to glutamate uptake. astrocytic GLT-1 performs critical functions required for normal weight gain, resistance to epilepsy, and survival. PMID: 25834045 data indicate that the surface expression and function of EAAT2b can be rapidly modulated through the disruption of its interaction with DLG1 by CaMKII activation. PMID: 25834051 Inhibition of L-glutamate transport reveals increases in EAAt2 cell surface expression in astrocytes. PMID: 24095695 results provide evidence that disrupting glutamate transporter GLT-1 in habenular astrocytes increases neuronal excitability and depressive-like phenotypes in behaviors and sleep. PMID: 25471567 Results show that a fraction of EAAT2 undergoes SUMO1 conjugation under physiological conditions; sumoylated EAAT2 localizes to intracellular compartments, whereas non-sumoylated EAAT2 resides on the plasma membrane PMID: 24753081 conclude that the association between GLT-1 and mitochondria is modest, is driven by synaptic activity and dependent on polymerized actin filaments. PMID: 24814819 IL-1beta treatment of AEG-1-overexpressing astrocytes significantly lowered expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 PMID: 24855648 Study suggests that there is a remarkable subcellular heterogeneity of GLAST and GLT-1 expression in the developing hippocampus PMID: 23939750 GLT1 overexpression exacerbates neuronal damage and increases respiratory impairment following cervical spinal cord injury. PMID: 24872566 TBI affects expression of Kir4.1 and GLT-1 genes in age- and time dependent manner and it may lead to accumulations of more K(+) and glutamate early in the synapse of old mice as compared to adult PMID: 24026668 Pharmacological enhancement of EAAT2 translation may be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. PMID: 24569372 GLT-1 plays a role in glutamate homeostasis in the neocortex PMID: 24224925 Proteome analysis and conditional deletion of the EAAT2 glutamate transporter provide evidence against a role of EAAT2 in pancreatic insulin secretion in mice. PMID: 24280215 Unitary current amplitudes of EAAT5 anion channels turned out to be approximately twice as high as single-channel amplitudes of GLT-1c. PMID: 24307171 FMRP positively regulates translational expression of mGluR5 in astroglial cells, and FMRP-dependent down-regulation of mGluR5 underlies GLT1 dysregulation in fmr1(-/-) astrocytes PMID: 23396537 EAAT2 expression in astrocytes, regulated by adenosine signaling, controls ethanol drinking in mice. PMID: 23032072 Astrocyte GLT1 plays a role in limiting secondary cell death following spinal cord injury; compromise of key astrocyte functions has significant effects on outcome following traumatic spinal injury. PMID: 21882244 Amyloid-beta peptide Abeta1-42 markedly prolongs the extracellular lifetime of synaptically released glutamate by reducing GLT-1 surface expression in mouse astrocytes. PMID: 23516295 Data indicate that direct miR-124a transfection significantly and selectively increases protein expression levels of GLT1 in cultured astrocytes. PMID: 23364798 GLT-1 activation appears to play a key role in the preventive effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on cannabinoid tolerance. PMID: 21536061 These findings demonstrate that GltI and Glast negatively regulate calcium-dependent proliferation in vitro and that their upregulation after injury is associated with decreased proliferation after brain trauma. PMID: 22092549 Spatial and temporal alterations in GLT1 expression observed after spinal cord injury result from both astrocyte death and gene expression changes in surviving astrocytes. PMID: 21488085 glutamine synthetase was coexpressed with GLT-1 in islets, which suggests that, as with liver and brain, one possible role of GLT-1 in the pancreas is to support glutamine synthesis PMID: 22114258 Evidence against cellular internalization in vivo of NMO-IgG, aquaporin-4, and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in neuromyelitis optica. PMID: 22069320 This study demonistrated that in cerebral ischemia in mice down regulation the GLT-1. PMID: 21911209 deficits in lgt1 function compound the effects of familial amyloid-beta protein precursor and presenilin-1 mutant transgenes in younger animals and thus may contribute to early occurring pathogenic processes associated with Alzheimer's disease PMID: 21677376 These data imply a glutamate cycle in which glutamate is carried into the granules by VGLUT3 and carried out by EAAT2. PMID: 21853059 GLT1 is a new player in glutamate homeostasis and signaling in the islet of Langerhans; beta-cells critically depend on its activity to control extracellular glutamate levels and cellular integrity PMID: 21335552 these results suggest that A1 receptor-mediated signaling regulates EAAT2 expression in astrocytes. PMID: 21291865 Early treatment with ceftriaxone prior to the onset of epilepsy increased expression of astrocyte glutamate transporters, decreased extracellular glutamate levels, neuronal death, and seizure frequency, and improved survival in Tsc1(GFAP)CKO mice. PMID: 20045054 SOD1-G93A transgene and HO-1 are preferentially over-expressed in the lumbar spinal cord and GLT-1 are down-regulated. PMID: 20303959

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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