Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1 Protein (C-6His)

Name: Recombinant Mouse CX3CL1 Protein (C-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-0917NP
Availability: InStock

BL-0917NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: Buy cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors for research online, Chemokines and receptors – essential regulators of immune response, High-quality recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse C-X3-C motif Chemokine 1 is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Gln25-Arg337 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus.
Accession	O35188
Synonym	Fractalkine; C-X3-C motif chemokine 1; CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine; Neurotactin; Small-inducible cytokine D1; Cx3c; Fkn; Scyd1; CXC3; CXC3C; ABCD-3; SCYD1; C3Xkine; NTN; NTT
Gene Background	Fractalkine(CX3CL1) is a single-pass type I membrane protein and belongs to the intercrine delta family. It consists of an extracellular NH2-terminal domain, a mucin-like stalk, a transmembrane α helix, and a short cytoplasmic tail. CX3CL1 exists in two forms: as a membrane-anchored or as a shed 80-95K glycoprotein. Soluble CX3CL1 is generated by limited proteolysis on the cell surface, and a disintegrin and metallopeptidase 10 (ADAM10) and ADAM17/tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (ADAM17/TACE) participate in this shedding. It has been suggested that ADAM10 acts in the constitutive shedding, and ADAM17 acts in response to cell activation. The protein may play a role in regulating leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium.
Molecular Mass	34.3 KDa
Apmol Mass	50-65 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM PB, 150mM NaCl, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Chemokine that acts as a ligand for both CX3CR1 and integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA4:ITGB1. The CX3CR1-CX3CL1 signaling exerts distinct functions in different tissue compartments, such as immune response, inflammation, cell adhesion and chemotaxis. Regulates leukocyte adhesion and migration processes at the endothelium. Can activate integrins in both a CX3CR1-dependent and CX3CR1-independent manner. In the presence of CX3CR1, activates integrins by binding to the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) in integrins. In the absence of CX3CR1, binds to a second site (site 2) in integrins which is distinct from site 1 and enhances the binding of other integrin ligands to site 1.; The soluble form is chemotactic for T-cells and monocytes, but not for neutrophils.; The membrane-bound form promotes adhesion of those leukocytes to endothelial cells.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Processed fractalkine]: Secreted.
Protein Families	Intercrine delta family
Database References	KEGG: mmu:20312 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000034230 UniGene: PMID: 30253780 the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis contributes to the proliferative and pro-inflammatory effects of Ang II in VSMCs. PMID: 29356931 that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling is a molecular mechanism capable of modulating microglial-mediated degeneration PMID: 27314452 CXCR4(+) CD45(-) bone marrow cells are niche forming for osteoclastogenesis via the SDF-1, CXCL7, and CX3CL1 signaling pathways in bone marrow. PMID: 27339271 Increased fractalkine and its receptor CX3CR1 may cause a cross-talk between activated glial cells and neurons, playing an important role in the development of neuroinflammation in fructose-fed mice. PMID: 26765996 miR-223 controls the expression of CX3CL1 by targeting HDAC2 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and mouse models of the disease. PMID: 26864305 in this study, CX3CL1 is identified as a novel substrate of MMP-19 PMID: 26555704 The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 system is essential for restricting coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis. PMID: 28800592 changes in GSK-3beta activity and/or levels regulate the production and subsequent secretion of fractalkine, a chemokine involved in the immune response that has been linked to AD and to other different neurological disorders. PMID: 27832289 Medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) interneurons secrete fractalkine that promotes genesis of oligodendrocytes from glially biased cortical precursors in culture. Moreover, when MGE interneurons are genetically ablated in vivo prior to their migration, this causes a deficit in cortical oligodendrogenesis. PMID: 28472653 our findings reveal a previously unknown regulatory role for LRRK2 in CX3CR1 signalling and suggest that an increase of CX3CR1 activity contributes to the attenuated inflammatory responses in Lrrk2-null microglia PMID: 27378696 a crucial role of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 in experimental colitis, in particular for intestinal leukocyte recruitment during murine colitis, is reported. PMID: 27942903 These results strongly suggest the involvement of CX3CL1 in the migration of osteoclast precursors and osteoclastogenesis. PMID: 27579490 Authors provide evidence that interactions between CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 play crucial roles in determining the number of M1 macrophages within the skin of mice, which in turn can have dramatic effects on psoriasis-like inflammation. PMID: 26976687 In the absence of the rd8 allele, deficiency of CCR2 and CX3CL1 in mice leads to a mild form of retinal degeneration which is associated with the recruitment of macrophages, particularly to the subretinal space. This model enables to assess consequences of perturbed chemokine signaling, but it does not recapitulate cardinal age-related macular degeneration features. PMID: 26670885 Also icariin reduced CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 protein levels in the artery wall. In conclusion, icariin could be a potential anti-atherosclerosis agent by downregulating the expression of CX3CR1. PMID: 26802470 The biological activity of CX3CL1 is regulated by conversion of a membrane integrated to a soluble form during neurogenesis and in response to pathologic changes in the adult retinal milieu. PMID: 25191897 CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling is involved in LTP of C-fiber-evoked field potentials in the rodent spinal dorsal horn PMID: 25768734 CX3CL1/CX3CR1-mediated microglial activation plays a detrimental role in ischemic brain via p38MAPK/PKC signaling PMID: 25966946 Cx3cl1 overexpression suppresses alpha-synuclein-mediated neurodegeneration. PMID: 25195598 IFN-gamma induces aberrant CD49b+ NK cell recruitment and pregnancy failure through regulating CX3CL1. PMID: 25375377 Insulin resistance increases plaque vulnerability by augmenting the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis, which is mechanistically linked to reduced vascular smooth muscle cell survival PMID: 24788416 Together, these studies challenge the "frustrated phagocytosis" concept and suggest that neuronal-microglial communication link the two central AD pathologies. PMID: 25209291 CX3CL1 may contribute to the regulation of toxigenic C. difficile infection. PMID: 24362517 These results demonstrate that the de novo CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis plays a pivotal role in osteoclast recruitment and subsequent bone resorption PMID: 24401612 our data suggest that the CX3CR1/ CX3CL1 pathway is involved in the recruitment of circulating CD16 thorn CX3CR1 thorn monocytes to the periprosthetic tissues. PMID: 24700421 Data indicate that atopic dermatitis (AD) pathology and immune responses were profoundly decreased in CX3CR1-deficient mice and upon blocking CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interactions in wild-type mice. PMID: 24821910 Loss of ACE2 exacerbates AngII-mediated inflammation, myocardial injury and dysfunction in ACE2-deficient hearts via activation of the CTGF-FKN-ERK and MMP signaling. PMID: 24161906 CX3CL1 transiently potentiates NMDAR function though mechanisms involving A2AR activity and the release of D-serine. PMID: 23981568 Interactions between CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 may contribute to the development of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. PMID: 23470165 HDACs and NF-kB signaling coordinate epithelial expression of CX3CL1 to promote mucosal antimicrobial defense through suppression of the mir-424-503 gene. PMID: 23724129 carotid artery injury was associated with greater chemokine 1 CX3C expression in the acute phase followed by greater CX3C receptor 1 coexpressing smooth muscle-like cell content in later lesions and less neointima formation than in femoral arteries PMID: 23653073 our data indicate an upregulation of fractalkine and downregulation of CX3CR1 in sepsis, which seems to be mediated by the transcripting factor NF-KappaB likely via reduced liberation of proinflammtory cytokines in the whole murine organism. PMID: 23026294 Extracellular adenosine is an endogenous modulator of neuroinflammation that induces CX3CL1 at the chorid plexus. PMID: 22883932 Fractalkine's essential role in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and atherosclerosis progression has been impressively described in mouse models. Review. PMID: 22739755 Suggest that Ang-II induces functional CX(3)CL1 expression in arterial but not in venous endothelial cells. PMID: 23117657 H(2)S hampers the progression of atherosclerosis in fat-fed apoE(-/-) mice and downregulates CX3CR1 and CX3CL1 expression on macrophages and in lesion plaques PMID: 22815945 Hypoxic release of endothelial CX3CL1 induced SMC phenotypic switching from the contractile to the proliferative state. Inhibition of CX3CR1 prevented CX3CL1 stimulation of SMC proliferation and monolayer expansion. PMID: 23002075 Fractalkine is expressed in early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions and supports monocyte recruitment via CX3CR1. PMID: 22916279 Fractalkine induced cellular reactive oxygen species production and activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in mesangial cells, stimulating cell proliferation. PMID: 22564616 Lipopolysaccharide induces monocyte-mesangial cell binding through the fractalkine/CX3CR1 system. PMID: 22564617 findings that exogenous fractalkine reduces microglial motility and fails to protect neurons co-cultured with Cx3cr1-/- mixed glia suggest that fractalkine may act by interfering with toxic microglial-neuron interactions PMID: 22093090 Fractalkine promotes myocardial injury and accelerates the progress of heart failure, which is associated with the activation of MAPKs. PMID: 21840883 Structure/function and expression analysis of the CX3C chemokine fractalkine. PMID: 21951685 fractalkine-CX3CR1 axis contributes to kidney fibrosis in a hypertensive mouse model. PMID: 21451526 Syk mediated chemotaxis toward CX3CL1 by regulating both Rac1/WAVE2 and Cdc42/WASP pathways, whereas Src family kinases were required for proper WASP tyrosine phosphorylation. PMID: 21388954 Fractalkine attenuates excito-neurotoxicity via microglial clearance of damaged neurons and antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 expression PMID: 21071446 CX3CR1-expressing macrophages are induced by CX3CL1/fractalkine to express heme oxygenase-1, thereby ameliorating Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced enteritis. PMID: 21131421 Fractalkine-induced depression of excitatory postsynaptic current is absent in cultures from adenosine A3 receptor-deficient mice but not in tissue from adenosine A1- or A2-receptor-deficient mice. PMID: 20570369 The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 interaction inhibits inflammatory properties in Kupffer cells/macrophages and results in decreased liver inflammation and fibrosis. PMID: 20683935

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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