Recombinant Mouse CTSS Protein (C-6His)

Name: Recombinant Mouse CTSS Protein (C-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1028NP
Availability: InStock

BL-1028NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Cathepsin S is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Val18-Ile340 is expressed with a 6His tag at the C-terminus.
Accession	O70370
Synonym	Cathepsin S; CTSS
Gene Background	Cathepsin S is a lysosomal enzyme that belongs to the papain family of cysteine proteases. This protein is expressed by antigen presenting cells including macrophages, B-lymphocytes, dendritic cells and microglia. Moreover, cathepsin S is expressed in some epithelial cells. Compared with the abundant cathepsins B, L and H, cathepsin S shows a restricted tissue distribution, with highest levels in spleen, heart, and lung. In addition, evidences indicated that cathepsin S generates A beta from amyloidogenic fragments of beta APP in the endosomal/lysosomal compartment, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Down Syndrome (DS).
Molecular Mass	37.5 KDa
Apmol Mass	37&28-32&14 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM PB, 150mM NaCl, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Biologically active. Please contact us to obtain bioactivity data.
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Thiol protease. Key protease responsible for the removal of the invariant chain from MHC class II molecules and MHC class II antigen presentation. The bond-specificity of this proteinase is in part similar to the specificities of cathepsin L.
Subcellular Location	Lysosome. Secreted. Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome.
Protein Families	Peptidase C1 family
Database References	KEGG: mmu:13040 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000112006 UniGene: PMID: 28240259 CatS(-/-) mice exhibited impaired social interaction and social novelty recognition in the three-chamber test. PMID: 28623134 Cathepsin S activity controls injury-related vascular remodeling via TLR2/p38MAPK/PI3K/Akt/p-HDAC6 signaling pathway. PMID: 27365406 Ctss induction during muscular dystrophy is a pathologic event that partially underlies disease pathogenesis, and its inhibition might serve as a new therapeutic strategy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID: 26966179 Fluorogen substrate, Mca-GRWPPMGLPWE-Lys(Dnp)-DArg-NH2 can detect CTSS activities in mouse antigen presenting cells. PMID: 26899824 Data show that cathepsins S (CatS) regulates CCL2 chemokine expression by modulation of CD74 antigen processing. PMID: 26358505 Cathepsin S activates MrgprC11 and evokes receptor-dependent scratching in mice. PMID: 26216096 cathepsin S deficiency alters the balance between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation, increases bone turnover, and changes bone microarchitecture. Therefore, bone and fat metabolisms should be monitored when using cathepsin S inhibitors clinically PMID: 24780878 results identify Cat-S as a biased agonist of PAR2 that causes PAR2- and TRPV4-dependent inflammation and pain. PMID: 25118282 Cathepsin S contributes to macrophage migration via degradation of elastic fibre integrity to facilitate neointima formation of vein grafts PMID: 24319016 CatS also reduced myocardial Smad2 and Smad3 activation and extra domain A fibronectin expression PMID: 23771947 CatS is involved in the secondary injury after traumatic brain injury PMID: 24282339 Disruption of CatS therefore induces hyperlocomotor activity due to failure to downscale the synaptic strength. PMID: 24067868 These results show a peripheral pivotal role of CatS in the development of neuropathic pain through the antigen-specific activation of CD4(+) T-cells PMID: 24553941 High cathepsin S promotes cancer growth and neovascularization. PMID: 23629809 Provide direct evidence that Cat S plays an important role in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apoE-deficient mice. PMID: 22871592 GILT expression decreased the proteolysis of a CatS selective substrate. PMID: 23012103 Cathepsin S deficiency results in abnormal accumulation of autophagosomes in macrophages and enhances Ang II-induced cardiac inflammation. PMID: 22558139 Overexpression of cathepsin S induces chronic atopic dermatitis in mice. PMID: 22170489 Cat-S activates nociceptors to induce visceral pain via protease-activated receptor-2. PMID: 21802389 only prophylactic Cat S inhibitor dosing blocked lung inflammation, consistent with our findings in Cat S knockout mice. PMID: 20855652 Cathepsin S inhibition prevented the formation of lung granulomas in a mouse model of sarcoidosis. PMID: 21251246 Cat S derived from macrophages is involved in the mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in apoE-deficient mice PMID: 20079903 For a subset of antigens, epitope generation is critically regulated by cathepsin S, which participates in antigen processing and generates qualitative and quantitative differences in the peptide repertoires displayed by MHC class II molecules. PMID: 11884425 regulation of the phagosomal CatS, CatL, CatB and CatZ contents during dendritic cell activation PMID: 12186844 cathepsin S contributes to angiogenesis by microvascular endothelial cells. PMID: 12600886 In vivo, nonprofessional histocompatibility class (MHC) II-expressing antigen presenting cells of the intestinal epithelium use Cat S, but not Cat L, for MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation. PMID: 15661874 First direct genetic evidence is reported for a key role of cathepsin S in autoimmune responses to acetylcholine receptor and in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. PMID: 15661938 Transgenic interferon-gamma induces alveolar epithelial cell DNA injury and apoptosis via a novel murine cathepsin S-dependent pathway, a critical event in the pathogenesis of alveolar remodeling, emphysema and inflammation. PMID: 15944319 The increases in mRNA levels for CatS and GPX3 found in the aging C57BL/6 RPE/choroid appear to represent an increase in both the numbers of cells expressing these messages and an increase in the level of expression in individual cells. PMID: 15947738 Cathepsin S has a unique role in determining the morphology of class II MHC-positive endosomal compartments PMID: 16094690 interleukin-6-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 -mediated increase of cathepsin S activity PMID: 16286017 Data show that cathepsin S deficiency impairs angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation, impairing angiogenic islet formation and the growth of solid tumors; while the absence of its endogenous inhibitor cystatin C resulted in opposite phenotypes. PMID: 16365041 plays an important role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture PMID: 16410454 Plays role in migration and activation of microglia to protect facial motoneurons against axotomy-induced injury. PMID: 17539023 These results indicate that seizures induced by kainate elicit neurodegeneration, astrogliosis, and microglial activation accompanied by the expression of cathepsin S while those induced by nicotine do not. PMID: 17997037 Upregulation of elastase proteins results in aortic dilatation in mucopolysaccharidosis I mice. PMID: 18479957 CAT S participates in inflammatory processes accompanying aging and pathologies of the central nervous system PMID: 18694734 Leukocyte cathepsin S is a potent regulator of both cell and matrix turnover in advanced atherosclerosis. PMID: 19095996 catS-induced elastolysis accelerates arterial and aortic valve calcification in chronic renal disease PMID: 19307473 The active form of cathepsin S was identified as being significantly up-regulated in poorly differentiated TRAMP tumours. PMID: 19487544

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.