Recombinant Mouse Appetite-Regulating Hormone (GHRL) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Mouse Appetite-Regulating Hormone (GHRL) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-01204P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Appetite-Regulating Hormone (GHRL) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q9EQX0
Target Symbol	GHRL
Synonyms	(Growth hormone secretagogue)(Growth hormone-releasing peptide)(Motilin-related peptide)(Protein M46)
Species	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	GSSFLSPEHQKAQQRKESKKPPAKLQPRALEGWLHPEDRGQAEETEEELEIRFNAPFDVGIKLSGAQYQQHGRALGKFLQDILWEEVKEAPADK
Expression Range	24-117aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Mature Protein
Mol. Weight	14.8 kDa
Research Area	Cardiovascular
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Ghrelin is the ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 (GHSR). Induces the release of growth hormone from the pituitary. Has an appetite-stimulating effect, induces adiposity and stimulates gastric acid secretion. Involved in growth regulation.; Obestatin may be the ligand for GPR39. May have an appetite-reducing effect resulting in decreased food intake. May reduce gastric emptying activity and jejunal motility.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Protein Families	Motilin family
Database References	KEGG: mmu:58991 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000069567 UniGene: PMID: 28361877 suppression of the Akt signaling pathway and activation of NF-kappaB signaling in chondrocytes during Osteoarthritis (OA) development was antagonized by ghrelin administration. This supports the assessment of ghrelin as a potential therapeutic approach to treat degenerative cartilage diseases, including OA PMID: 29070587 the effect of GOAT on gastric acid secretion and expression of ghrelin in vitro, were investigated. PMID: 29966658 Results suggest that hypothalamic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma plays a vital role in ghrelin production and food intake in mice. PMID: 29655655 The aim of the present study was to determine whether arcuate nucleus (ARC) lesions affect the ghrelin level in the plasma and the stomach in monosodium glutamate (MSG)treated mice. PMID: 29328403 this study shows that nanogel-based nasal ghrelin vaccine prevents obesity PMID: 28120848 Upregulation of unacylated ghrelin levels in mdx mice reduces muscle degeneration, improves muscle function, and increases dystrophin-null satellite cells (SC) self-renewal, maintaining the SC pool. PMID: 28436144 These findings suggest that phasic activation of the SNc-ghrelin system could improve the dysregulation of nigrostriatal DA transmission related to the initial stage of PD, but not the motor deficits under the depletion of nigrostriatal DA. Although GHSRs are found in non-DA cells of the SNr, GHSRs on DA neurons in the SNc may play a crucial role in motor function. PMID: 29378186 it showed that the antinociception of ghrelin was correlated with the GHS-R1alpha and d-opioid receptors. Finally, the antinociception induced by deltorphin II wasn't blocked by the co-injection (i.c.v.) of [D-Lys(3)]-GHRP-6, indicating that the GHS-R1a isn't on the backward position of delta opioid receptor. PMID: 27474249 Deletion of ghrelin prevents aging-associated obesity and muscle dysfunction without affecting longevity. PMID: 28585250 ghrelin binds to serum albumin and that this interaction impacts on the biological activity of the hormone. PMID: 27431015 ghrelin has a critical role in preventing hypoglycemia and promoting survival during severe caloric restriction, a process that requires cell-expressed beta1AR PMID: 27548523 findings show that the capacity of circulating ghrelin to acutely induce gastric emptying in mice requires the integrity of the area postrema, which contains a population of GABA neurons that are a target of plasma ghrelin PMID: 28204197 Des-acylated ghrelin reduced blood-brain barrier disruption in vivo and attenuated the hyper-permeability of mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial cells after oxygen glucose deprivation. PMID: 27303049 des-acyl ghrelin produces an anxiogenic effect under nonstressed conditions, but this switches to an anxiolytic effect under stress PMID: 27490185 data support the notion that ghrelin activates ParaVentricular Nucleus CRF neurons via inhibition of local GABAergic tone, in an Arcuate nucleus-independent manner. PMID: 26874559 ghrelin may mediate part of its metabolic actions through modulation of hypothalamic astrocytes and that this effect could involve astrocyte mediated changes in local glucose and glutamate metabolism that alter the signals/nutrients reaching neighboring neurons. PMID: 27026049 These studies reemphasize the beneficial effects imparted by co-administration of obestatin and CCK8 and their potential use towards countering obesity. PMID: 27032885 Stress in a postpartum mother has persistent effects on the body weight of their offspring. Increased ghrelin and decreased leptin expression in the stomach may play a role in these effects. PMID: 26884874 Data (including data from studies in cell line from knockout mice) suggest high incorporation of long-chain fatty acids, partly mediated by Acsl1, plays role in supply of octanoic acid for ghrelin acylation/lipoylation in ghrelin-producing cells. PMID: 26991015 Data show that chronic caloric restriction (CR) alters hypothalamic agouti-related protein (Agrp) and neuropeptide Y (Npy) gene expression similarly in Ghrelin+/+, Ghrelin-/-, ghrelin receptor Ghsr+/+, and Ghsr-/- mice. PMID: 26812158 The expression of ghrelin and GH secretagogue receptor 1a [GHSR1a] in cerebral arteries and the effects of ghrelin analogs on cerebrovascular function are reproted.[GHSR1a] PMID: 25322462 Pax6 inactivation in the adult pancreas reveals ghrelin as endocrine cell maturation marker. PMID: 26658466 Thus, GHSR1a differentially inhibits CaV2 channels by Gi/o or Gq protein pathways depending on its mode of activation. PMID: 26283199 results demonstrate that ghrelin, which signals acute hunger, renders the olfactory system more responsive to odors PMID: 26071307 investigated whether ghrelin may cause alteration in neurite outgrowth and electrophysiological properties of tyrosine hydroxylase neurons from the ventrolateral arcuate nucleus PMID: 26385180 Ghrelin is an inducer of myoprotective autophagy in myocardial and skeletal muscle ischemia. PMID: 26066847 The expressions of both ghrelin and its receptor were observed in NPCs using RT-PCR, Interestingly, the exposure of fetal NPCs to ghrelin suppressed their proliferation, and caused them to differentiate into neurons PMID: 25828736 Co-localization of TRPA1 and ghrelin in enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum is observed both in vivo and in the MGN3-1 cell line, a ghrelin secreting cell model, where incubation with CIN up-regulates expression of TRPA1 and Insulin receptor genes. PMID: 25605129 Overproduction of ghrelin via an AAV viral delivery system in the hypothalamus leads to an increase in food intake associated with increases in body weight. This effect disappears after 3 weeks. PMID: 25801577 Plasma acylated ghrelin levels decreased in stressed aged male mice. Suppressed feeding behavior in novelty stress-exposed aged male mice may be mediated by 5-HT(2C)R hypersensitivity, leading to hypoghrelinemia. PMID: 25732068 dietary restriction increased survival of newborn cells in hippocampus of wild-type but not ghrelin knockout mice. PMID: 25735661 Ghrelin induces intracellular store-mediated rises in calcium in laterodorsal tegmental neurons in mouse brain slices. PMID: 25645492 Acylated ghrelin is not required for the surge in pituitary growth hormone observed in pregnant mice. PMID: 25645493 There was increase in ghrelin gene transcripts and protein in HNF1a-null mice. Upregulation of ghrelin in the absence of Hnf1alpha impairs insulin secretion Inhibition of ghrelin/ghrelin receptor signaling led to a recovery of the diabetic symptoms. PMID: 25979074 ghrelin and Bmal1 regulate the extent of body weight restoration during restricted feeding PMID: 25329803 Ghrelin signaling is an important thermogenic regulator in aging. PMID: 25543537 these data suggest that circulating ghrelin does not play a crucial role in feeding behavior, but rather is involved in maintaining body weight. PMID: 25029956 peripherally administered ghrelin mainly accesses the Arcuate n. which is required for the orexigenic effects of the hormone. Centrally administered ghrelin accesses a variety of nuclei, which can mediate the orexigenic effects of the hormone. PMID: 24888783 these data reveal that ghrelin plays an inhibitory role in the development of hypothalamic neural circuits and suggest that proper expression of ghrelin during neonatal life is pivotal for lifelong metabolic regulation. PMID: 25607843 obestatin and Nt8U triggers lipid catabolism... The free fatty acids and lysophosphatidic acid thus produced in turn activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and the genes involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling PMID: 24937751 Ghrl-/- mice had lower cortical bone mass, whereas Ghsr-/- mice had lower trabecular bone mass. This demonstrates bone compartment-specific effects of acetylated ghrelin and a role for Unacetylated ghrelin in bone metabolism. PMID: 25060361 I cells in duodenum are enriched in expression of CCK and ghrelin. PMID: 25004095 Ghrelin is a regulator of GH pulse amplitude in growing mice. PMID: 24949662 Suggest a radioprotective role of ghrelin in differentiating spermatogonia exposed to ionizing radiation. PMID: 24853426 Data suggest signal transduction via Ghrl/Crhr2 (corticotropin release factor type 2 receptor) plays role in regulation of muscle glucose metabolism; Ghsr1a (Ghrl receptor type 1A) was not detected in mouse myoblast cell line (C2C12) investigated. PMID: 23804489 Findings support a role for ghrelin as an endogenous modulator of inflammatory responses and a central component of arousal and feeding circuits. PMID: 24309634 The findings reveal a major, novel role for ghrelin in mediating ethanol behavior, and add to growing evidence that ghrelin is a key mediator of the effects of multiple abused drugs. PMID: 23428971 RKT administration (500 mg/kg, per os) improved the decrease in 6 h cumulative food intake. In control mice, the plasma acylated ghrelin levels significantly increased by 24 h fasting. PMID: 24288687 Ghrelin improves gastric growth and gastric acid secretion with decreased somatostatin mRNA in weaned mice. PMID: 23820307

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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