Recombinant Mouse Alkaline Phosphatase, Tissue-Nonspecific Isozyme (ALPL) Protein (His)

Name: Recombinant Mouse Alkaline Phosphatase, Tissue-Nonspecific Isozyme (ALPL) Protein (His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-08242P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Mouse Alkaline Phosphatase, Tissue-Nonspecific Isozyme (ALPL) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P09242
Target Symbol	ALPL
Synonyms	Alpl; Akp-2; Akp2; Alkaline phosphatase; tissue-nonspecific isozyme; AP-TNAP; TNSALP; EC 3.1.3.1; Alkaline phosphatase 2; Alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney isozyme
Species	Mus musculus (Mouse)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His
Target Protein Sequence	PEKERDPSYWRQQAQETLKNALKLQKLNTNVAKNVIMFLGDGMGVSTVTAARILKGQLHHNTGEETRLEMDKFPFVALSKTYNTNAQVPDSAGTATAYLCGVKANEGTVGVSAATERTRCNTTQGNEVTSILRWAKDAGKSVGIVTTTRVNHATPSAAYAHSADRDWYSDNEMPPEALSQGCKDIAYQLMHNIKDIDVIMGGGRKYMYPKNRTDVEYELDEKARGTRLDGLDLISIWKSFKPRHKHSHYVWNRTELLALDPSRVDYLLGLFEPGDMQYELNRNNLTDPSLSEMVEVALRILTKNLKGFFLLVEGGRIDHGHHEGKAKQALHEAVEMDQAIGKAGAMTSQKDTLTVVTADHSHVFTFGGYTPRGNSIFGLAPMVSDTDKKPFTAILYGNGPGYKVVDGERENVSMVDYAHNNYQAQSAVPLRHETHGGEDVAVFAKGPMAHLLHGVHEQNYIPHVMAYASCIGANLDHCAWAGSG
Expression Range	20-503aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	57.4kDa
Research Area	Others
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Alkaline phosphatase that metabolizes various phosphate compounds and plays a key role in skeletal mineralization and adaptive thermogenesis. Has broad substrate specificity and can hydrolyze a considerable variety of compounds: however, only a few substrates, such as diphosphate (inorganic pyrophosphate; PPi), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and N-phosphocreatine are natural substrates. Plays an essential role in skeletal and dental mineralization via its ability to hydrolyze extracellular diphosphate, a potent mineralization inhibitor, to phosphate: it thereby promotes hydroxyapatite crystal formation and increases inorganic phosphate concentration. Acts in a non-redundant manner with PHOSPHO1 in skeletal mineralization: while PHOSPHO1 mediates the initiation of hydroxyapatite crystallization in the matrix vesicles (MVs), ALPL/TNAP catalyzes the spread of hydroxyapatite crystallization in the extracellular matrix. Also promotes dephosphorylation of osteopontin (SSP1), an inhibitor of hydroxyapatite crystallization in its phosphorylated state; it is however unclear whether ALPL/TNAP mediates SSP1 dephosphorylation via a direct or indirect manner. Catalyzes dephosphorylation of PLP to pyridoxal (PL), the transportable form of vitamin B6, in order to provide a sufficient amount of PLP in the brain, an essential cofactor for enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of diverse neurotransmitters. Additionally, also able to mediate ATP degradation in a stepwise manner to adenosine, thereby regulating the availability of ligands for purinergic receptors. Also capable of dephosphorylating microbial products, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as well as other phosphorylated small-molecules, such as poly-inosine:cytosine (poly I:C). Acts as a key regulator of adaptive thermogenesis as part of the futile creatine cycle: localizes to the mitochondria of thermogenic fat cells and acts by mediating hydrolysis of N-phosphocreatine to initiate a futile cycle of creatine dephosphorylation and phosphorylation. During the futile creatine cycle, creatine and N-phosphocreatine are in a futile cycle, which dissipates the high energy charge of N-phosphocreatine as heat without performing any mechanical or chemical work.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor. Extracellular vesicle membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor. Mitochondrion membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor. Mitochondrion intermembrane space.
Protein Families	Alkaline phosphatase family
Database References	KEGG: mmu:11647 STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000030551 UniGene: PMID: 29234952 Study results from cerulein induced pancreatitis model in TNAP+/- mice show that altered TNAP expression results in heightened pancreatic inflammation, which may be explained by an augmented response of neutrophils and by a higher sensitivity of acinar cells to cerulein injury. PMID: 30251694 TNAP activation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) appears sufficient to induce calcification. TNAP activation in VSMCs stimulates expression of chondrocyte markers. PMID: 27932058 Our results offer clear evidence that TNAP modulates T lymphocyte function and specifically T cell-dependent colitis. PMID: 28039309 The results are the first to demonstrate a role for ENC1 in the control of osteoblast differentiation. Additionally, the contrasting mineralization phenotypes and transcriptional patterns seen with coordinate knockdown of both ENC1 isoforms vs selective knockdown of 67 kDa ENC1 suggest opposing roles for the isoforms in regulation of osteoblastic differentiation, through effects on Alpl expression and phosphate cellular PMID: 27996212 TNAP overexpression in vascular endothelium in mice leads to an unusual course of coronary atherosclerosis and was accompanied by the reduction in body weight and left ventricular ejection fraction. PMID: 29023576 Data, including data from studies using cells from transgenic/knockout mice, suggest that Med1 plays role in enamel formation; Med1 induces Alpl via stimulation of Notch1 signaling by forming Notch1-RBP-Jk complex on Alpl promoter. (Med1 = mediator complex subunit 1; Alpl = alkaline phosphatase, liver-bone-kidney; Notch1 = Notch gene homolog 1; RBP-Jk = kappa J region recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless) PMID: 28673966 These analyses revealed that TNAP deficient mice present an increased proliferation of neural precursors, an altered neuronal morphology, and an augmented neuronal activity. We found that these alterations were associated with a partial downregulation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). PMID: 27466191 Despite similar deficiencies in alkaline phosphatase, Alpl(-/-) mice develop craniosynostosis and a brachycephalic/acrocephalic craniofacial shape of variable penetrance. PMID: 26605996 Prevention of lethal murine hypophosphatasia by neonatal ex vivo gene therapy using lentivirally transduced bone marrow cells expressing Akp-2. PMID: 26467745 TNAP in the vasculature contributes to the pathology of medial vascular calcification and that it is a druggable target. PMID: 25428889 In cardiac fibroblasts, TNAP expression and activity is induced by sFRP2. PMID: 25972450 p107 is required for the efficient recruitment of an activating SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, an essential event in Alpl induction. PMID: 25182511 Inhibition of rhBMP-2-induced ALP activity by intracellular delivery of SMURF1 in murine calvarial preosteoblast cells. PMID: 24288199 Findings demonstrate that Alpl(-/-) mice exhibit a craniofacial skeletal phenotype similar to that seen in infants with HPP, including true bony craniosynostosis in the context of severely diminished bone mineralization PMID: 25014884 CD73 and TNAP play interactive roles to metabolize luminally applied 5'-AMP in the renal vasculature such that inhibition of both is required to inhibit the production of adenosine. PMID: 24990899 TNAP plays a role in governing the phosphorylation status of phospholamban in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID: 25015959 Taken together, these data indicate that ATF3 is a novel negative regulator of osteoblast differentiation by specifically suppressing ALP gene expression in preosteoblasts. PMID: 24315873 data suggest that the promineralization role of TNAP may be related not only to its accepted pyrophosphatase activity but also to its ability to modify the phosphorylation status of OPN. PMID: 23427088 mineralization abnormalities of dentin; reduced overall mineralization with decreased matrix vesicle mineralization in the Phospho1(-/-) mice; almost complete absence of matrix vesicles in mice; further reduction in mineralization. PMID: 23694930 In the cerebral cortex, myelinated axons, while present in wild-type, were absent in the Akp2( -/- ) mice and these animals also displayed a significantly increased proportion of immature cortical synapses. PMID: 22696173 a link between ATRA-induced mL/B/K-ALP gene transcription and chromatin remodeling PMID: 22270475 Results demonstrate that TNAP, regulating both ligand availability and protein expression of P2X7 receptor, is essential for axonal development. PMID: 21289095 Data show that alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in brain vessels and parenchyma in which AP exhibits specific patterns is attributable to TNAP. PMID: 21191615 We show that TNAP knockdown reduces cell proliferation and differentiation into neurons or oligodendrocytes PMID: 20849921 These results demonstrate that calcium ions released from apatite are important in the synergistic effect of 20alpha-HC and apatite. PMID: 20683129 Once the HT2B receptor is expressed, it constitutively controls tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity at a post-translational level along the overall period of bone mineral deposition PMID: 20573958 Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase is the enzyme that hydrolyzes both ATP and inorganic pyrophosate in matrix vesicles. PMID: 19874193 correction of bone mineralization abnormalities in knockout mice null for both the TNAP (Akp2) and PC-1 (Enpp1) genes PMID: 12082181 The Alpl (Akp2) gene is located within the quantitative trait locus region for alkaline phosphatase activity on chromosome 4. PMID: 16159911 alkaline phosphatase 2(Hpp/Hpp) mice develop late-onset skeletal disease, notably defective endochondral ossification and bone mineralization that leads to arthropathies of knees and shoulders PMID: 17539739 The process selectively internalizes IAP and may contribute to the appearance of the enzyme in serum and surfactant-like particles. PMID: 17947448 Results show that inorganic phosphate (P(i)) levels and TNSALP activity increased in response to androgen/androgen receptor (AR), and P(i) signals increase the expression and translocation of AR. PMID: 18838539 TNAP-AID mice expressed alpha-fetoprotein and had deleterious mutations in the tumour suppressor gene Trp53, some of which corresponded to those found in human cancer. PMID: 18997814

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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