Recombinant Human Xcitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 (SLC1A1) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Xcitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 (SLC1A1) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-09510P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Xcitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 (SLC1A1) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P43005
Target Symbol	SLC1A1
Synonyms	EAA3_HUMAN; EAAC 1; EAAC1; EAAT 3; Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 ; Excitatory amino acid carrier1; Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Excitatory amino acid transporter3; Excitatory amino-acid carrier 1; GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER; HIGH-AFFINITY; MEAAC 1; MEAAC1; Neuronal and epithelial glutamate transporter; REAAC 1; REAAC1; Slc1 a1; Slc1a 1; SLC1A1; Sodium dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 3; Sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter 3; Solute carrier family 1 (neuronal / epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter; system Xag); member 1; SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 1 (NEURONAL/EPITHELIAL HIGH AFFINITY GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER); MEMBER 1; Solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter; system Xag); member 1; Solute carrier family 1 member 1; Solute carrier family 1; member 1
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	AEDVTLIIAVDWLLDRFRTMVNVLGDAFGTGIVEKLSKKELEQMDVSSEVNIVNPFALESTILDNEDSDTKKSYVNGGFAVDKSDTISFTQTSQF
Expression Range	430-524aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	37.5kDa
Research Area	Neuroscience
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate. Can also transport L-cysteine. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport. Plays an important role in L-glutamate and L-aspartate reabsorption in renal tubuli. Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate. Contributes to glutathione biosynthesis and protection against oxidative stress via its role in L-glutamate and L-cysteine transport. Negatively regulated by ARL6IP5.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Apical cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell junction, synapse, synaptosome. Early endosome membrane. Late endosome membrane. Recycling endosome membrane.
Protein Families	Dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family, SLC1A1 subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 10939 OMIM: 133550 KEGG: hsa:6505 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000262352 UniGene: Hs.444915
Associated Diseases	Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria (DCBXA); Schizophrenia 18 (SCZD18)
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in all tissues tested including liver, muscle, testis, ovary, retinoblastoma cell line, neurons and brain (in which there was dense expression in substantia nigra, red nucleus, hippocampus and in cerebral cortical layers).

Gene Functions References

mir-26a and SLC1A1 may play a role in the Multiple Sclerosis pathogenesis, and may be potential targets for the development of new biomarkers and/or therapeutic tools. PMID: 28962897
SLC1A1 and DPF3 were strongly associated with idiopathic male infertility and were significantly correlated with semen quality alterations PMID: 27232852
results suggest that six common SNPs of SLC1A1 may not contribute to the development of obsessive compulsive disorder, but may contribute to certain aspect of trait empathy such as personal distress PMID: 29304071
observations of EAAT3 regulation in patients is giving us insight into the endogenous function of this transporter, as well as the consequences of altered function--{REVIEW} PMID: 27233497
Our study showed a lack of association between SLC1A1 variants and normal tension glaucoma in Japanese patients, suggesting that the SLC1A1 gene does not play a critical role in the development of the disorder in this patient population. PMID: 26771863
Numb is a pivotal adaptor protein that mediates the subcellular localization of EAAT3 through binding the YxNxxF (where x stands for any amino acid) motif. PMID: 27358480
observations provide insights into the molecular basis of hot water epilepsy and show the role of SLC1A1 variants in this intriguing neurobehavioral disorder PMID: 28324217
This study demonstrated that Variations within SLC1A1 are associated with risk of epileptogenesis following posttraumatic brain injury. PMID: 27153812
Lithium-sensitive GSK3ss is a powerful regulator of excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT3 and EAAT4. PMID: 27978527
Data suggest that EAAC1 transporters present on NST dendrites may play a minor role if any in glutamate clearance. PMID: 25515313
SPAK and OSR1 are negative regulators of EAAT3 activity PMID: 26112741
Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) plays a pivotal role in neuronal glutathione synthesis to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. PMID: 26007177
Transport of either L-glutamate or L-selenocysteine by EAAT3 decreased intracellular pH, whereas transport of cysteine resulted in cytoplasmic alkalinization. PMID: 25275463
Rs301430 is a T/C functional polymorphism that influences ago of onset in obsessive-compulsive disorder. PMID: 24768158
variability within the SLC1A1 gene impacts both the presence and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder among a sample of combat-exposed veterans. PMID: 25445080
Our data suggest that SLC1A1 is unlikely to be a major susceptibility gene for schizophrenia in Han Chinese PMID: 23931931
Results indentify plausible candidates include non-recurrent deletions at the glutamate transporter gene SLC1A1, a CNV locus recently suggested to be involved in schizophrenia through linkage analysis, and duplications at 1p36.33 and CGNL1. PMID: 24163246
internalization of EAAT3 triggered by amphetamine increases glutamatergic signaling and thus contributes to the effects of amphetamine on neurotransmission. PMID: 25033183
EAAT3/EAAC1 expression is altered in pathological conditions, such as hypoxia/ischemia, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, and epilepsy. (Review) PMID: 24162932
SLC1A1, GRIN2B, and interactions between the two may potentially confer a susceptibility to obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia patients receiving clozapine. PMID: 23660601
This study demonistrated that SLC!A1 no association with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Han Chinese population. PMID: 23411042
A single-marker association study of several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the SLC1A1 genomic region was performed. PMID: 22776887
Individuals with schizophrenia carrying at least one C allele of rs35753505 (SNP8NRG221533) show decreased expression of SLC1A6 in the molecular layer of both cerebellar hemispheres, compared to individuals homozygous for the T allele. PMID: 22424243
This study demonisrrated that glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) within the human cochlea in patient with Meniere's disease. PMID: 23850643
P259R alters EAAT3 transport functions by decelerating conformational changes associated with sodium binding. PMID: 24214974
isoforms negatively modulate glutamate uptake and are differentially expressed in subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder PMID: 23695234
The study provided suggestive evidence that the SLC1A1 rs10491734 was significantly associated with early-onset OCD in the Han Chinese population. PMID: 23564280
revealed weak association between OCD and one of nine tested SLC1A1 polymorphisms PMID: 23606572
A deletion at the SLC1A1 glutamate transporter gene originally identified as a copy number variant exclusively carried by members of a 5-generation Palauan family, was investigated. PMID: 23341099
The function of the one SLC1A1 missense variant reported previously in obsessive-compulsive disorder, Thr164Ala, was characterized and found that the Ala164 allele leads to decreased Vmax and Km. PMID: 22617815
Three single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC1A1 (rs2228622, rs3780412 and rs3780413), which had been associated with second-generation antipsychotic agents-induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms, were investigated. PMID: 22531293
rapid extracellular K(+) application to EAAC1 under single turnover conditions (K(+) inside) resulted in outward transient current. We propose a charge compensation mechanism, in which the C-terminal transport domain bears overall negative charge of -1.23 PMID: 22707712
interaction of NCX1 and EAAC1 transporters leads to glutamate-enhanced ATP production in brain mitochondria PMID: 22479505
Neutralizing aspartate 83 modifies substrate translocation of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) glutamate transporters. PMID: 22532568
mTOR is a novel powerful regulator of EAAT3 and may thus contribute to protection against neuroexcitotoxicity. PMID: 22483750
These findings suggest the involvement of SLC1A1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. PMID: 22095641
This study provides suggestive evidence that DLGAP3 and its interactive effect with SLC1A1 might be involved in susceptibility to developing OC symptoms in schizophrenia patients receiving AAP treatment. PMID: 21990008
genotyped an additional 111 SNPs in or near SLC1A1, covering from 9 kb upstream to 84 kb downstream of the gene at average spacing of 1.7 kb per SNP, and conducted family-based association analyses in 1,576 participants in 377 families PMID: 21445956
SLC1A1 mutations leading to substitution of arginine to tryptophan at position 445 (R445W) and deletion of isoleucine at position 395 (I395del) cause dicarboxylic aminoaciduria, an autosomal recessive disorder of urinary glutamate and aspartate transport PMID: 21123949
SLC1A1 alleles may have a role in obsessive-compulsive disorder PMID: 19569082
Cysteine uptake by EAAC1 is important for zinc homeostasis and neuronal antioxidant function following transient cerebral ischemia. PMID: 21084597
association of SNP rs301430 with severity of repetitive behaviors and anxiety in autism spectrum disorder PMID: 20155310
suggests that T370S also alters the cation selectivity of this cation-binding site, as expected if T370 forms part of a cation-binding site in EAAT3. PMID: 20634426
the side chain of EAAC1 Met-367 fulfills a steric role in the positioning of the substrate in the binding pocket in a step subsequent to its initial binding PMID: 20424168
analysis of cation binding to the glutamate transporter EAAC1 probed with mutation of the conserved amino acid residue Thr10 PMID: 20378543
PIP5K2A is a novel signaling element in the regulation of EAAT3 activity PMID: 19644675
Dynamic equilibrium between coupled and uncoupled modes of a neuronal glutamate transporter PMID: 11823462
data show specific localization of glutamate transporters EAAT1, EAAT2 and EAAT3 in the human placenta during development PMID: 15135231
EAAT3 has a big extracellular vestibule, but does not undergo a large-scale motion to another state. Short channels connect the intracellular solution to the vestibule. Small conformational changes & glutamate uptake, occur independently in each subunit. PMID: 15716409
enhanced expression of glutamate transporters in multiple sclerosis constitutes a regulatory response of glial cells to toxic levels of glutamate in the CNS during inflammation and neurodegeneration PMID: 16061389

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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