Recombinant Human TXN2 Protein

Name: Recombinant Human TXN2 Protein
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-0349NP
Availability: InStock

BL-0349NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Thioredoxin-2 is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Thr60-Gly166 is expressed.
Accession	Q99757
Synonym	Thioredoxin Mitochondrial; MTRX; Mt-Trx; Thioredoxin-2; TXN2; TRX2
Gene Background	Thioredoxin-2 (TXN2) is a mitochondrial member of the thioredoxin family. Thioredoxin-2 is extensively expressed in adult and fetal tissues. Thioredoxin-2 contains an N-terminal 59 amino acid transit peptide, which is cleaved before translocating to mitochondria. Mitochondrial thioredoxin play important roles in the regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and in protection against oxidant-induced apoptosis. Thioredoxin-2 could be involved in the resistance to anti-tumor agents and possesses a dithiol-reducing activity. In addition, Thioredoxin-2 is important at low oxidative stress conditions.
Molecular Mass	12 KDa
Apmol Mass	13 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Not tested
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. Do not mix by vortex or pipetting. It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml. Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water. Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Important for the control of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species homeostasis, apoptosis regulation and cell viability. Possesses a dithiol-reducing activity.
Subcellular Location	Mitochondrion.
Protein Families	Thioredoxin family
Database References	HGNC: 17772 OMIM: 609063 KEGG: hsa:25828 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000216185 UniGene: Hs.211929
Associated Diseases	Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 29 (COXPD29)
Tissue Specificity	Widely expressed in adult (at protein level) and fetal tissues.

Gene Functions References

Overexpression of mitochondrial Trx2 attenuates the intracellular ROS accumulation and ATP production. Most interestingly, mitochondrial Trx2 may be involved in the cardiac hypertrophy signaling of diabetes. PMID: 28914755
Trx2 overexpression failed to attenuate hypoxia-induced human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells proliferation in vitro or hypoxia-induced Pulmonary hypertension in vivo. PMID: 28130258
study demonstrated that miR-27a and -b, which are widely expressed in host cells, suppress SNAP25 and TXN2 expression through posttranscriptional gene silencing. PMID: 28356525
No evidence that SNPs in TRX2 have effects, but the rs4485648 polymorphism of the TrxR2 gene might exert an independent effect on the development of Diabetic retinopathy. PMID: 26763822
Thioredoxin 2 Is a Novel E2-Interacting Protein That Inhibits the Replication of Classical Swine Fever Virus by promoting the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. PMID: 26041303
The Grx2 system could help to keep Trx2/1 reduced during an oxidative stress, thereby contributing to the anti-apoptotic signaling. PMID: 24295294
CERKL interacts with TRX2 and plays a novel key role in the regulation of the TRX2 antioxidant pathway. PMID: 24735978
TGF-beta-mediated expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker fibronectin was inhibited not only by chemicals that interfere with reactive oxygen species signaling but also by exogenously expressed mitochondrial thioredoxin. PMID: 24342608
We showed that overexpression of TRXs reduced cell death; TRX2 was expressed in the mitochondria, while TRX1 was expressed in the cytoplasm. PMID: 23485938
knockdown of TRX-1 or TRX-2 sensitizes cells to CYP2E1-induced oxidant stress partially via ASK-1 and JNK1 signaling pathways. Both TRX-1 and TRX-2 are important for defense against CYP2E1-induced oxidative stress. PMID: 21557999
Data show that knockdown of S100P led to downregulation of thioredoxin 1 and beta-tubulin and upregulation of RhoGDIA, all potential therapeutic targets in cancer. PMID: 21327297
TRX1 and TRX2 regulate the proliferation and survival of adipocyte derived stem cells; these processes are mediated by the activation of ERK1/2 PMID: 21158569
mitochondrial thioredoxin may play important roles in protection against oxidant-induced apoptosis PMID: 12032145
MT-TRX has a role in the regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and cell death PMID: 12080052
Thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2 have opposed regulatory functions on hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. PMID: 17220299
The LC/ICPMS analyses showed that the trivalent arsenic species were able to form complexes with both human and E. coli Trx. PMID: 17939155
upon stimulation of Fas, thioredoxin-2 mediated denitrosylation of mitochondria-associated caspase-3, a process required for caspase-3 activation, and promoted apoptosis PMID: 18497292
a novel Ins/Del polymorphism in the human TXN2 gene proximal promoter region that altered the transcriptional activity and is associated with spina bifida risk PMID: 19165900
Trx2 modulates transcription of GR and NF-kappaB reporter genes. PMID: 19570036
These results suggest that TRX2 not only functions as an antioxidant, but also supports mtTFA functions PMID: 19885567

FAQs

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.