Recombinant Human Tubulin Beta-3 Chain (TUBB3) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Tubulin Beta-3 Chain (TUBB3) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-03605P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Tubulin Beta-3 Chain (TUBB3) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q13509
Target Symbol	TUBB3
Synonyms	beta 3 tubulin; beta 4; beta-4; CDCBM; CDCBM1; CFEOM3; CFEOM3A; FEOM3; M(beta)3; M(beta)6; MC1R; Neuron specific beta III Tubulin; Neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin; QccE-11995; QccE-15186; TBB3_HUMAN; Tubb 3; TUBB3; TUBB4; Tubulin beta 3 ; Tubulin beta 3 chain; Tubulin beta 4 ; Tubulin beta III; Tubulin beta-3 chain; Tubulin beta-4 chain; Tubulin beta-III; tuj 1; tuj1
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	MREIVHIQAGQCGNQIGAKFWEVISDEHGIDPSGNYVGDSDLQLERISVYYNEASSHKYVPRAILVDLEPGTMDSVRSGAFGHLFRPDNFIFGQSGAGNNWAKGHYTEGAELVDSVLDVVRKECENCDCLQGFQLTHSLGGGTGSGMGTLLISKVREEYPDRIMNTFSVVPSPKVSDTVVEPYNATLSIHQLVENTDETYCIDNEALYDI
Expression Range	1-210aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	50.1kDa
Research Area	Signal Transduction
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and maintenance. Binding of NTN1/Netrin-1 to its receptor UNC5C might cause dissociation of UNC5C from polymerized TUBB3 in microtubules and thereby lead to increased microtubule dynamics and axon repulsion. Plays a role in dorsal root ganglion axon projection towards the spinal cord.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell projection, growth cone. Cell projection, lamellipodium. Cell projection, filopodium.
Protein Families	Tubulin family
Database References	HGNC: 20772 OMIM: 600638 KEGG: hsa:10381 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000320295 UniGene: PMID: 29382549 The remarkable high prevalence of TUBB3 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas emphasizes its putative relevance as a target for future drugs targeting TUBB3 PMID: 28640948 TUBB3 and TUBB4 are necessary for the transport and proper localization of N-cadherin within the plasma membrane. PMID: 28648944 The miR-34a/STMN1/betaIII-tubulin axis maintains the microtubule cytoskeleton in osteosarcoma, and combining miR-34a with microtubule inhibitors can be investigated as a novel therapeutic strategy. PMID: 28275089 Tubulin beta 3 (TUBB3) expression was identified as a useful predictive factor for survival. PMID: 29491095 This is the first study that relates concurrent expression of Tubbeta3, ZEB1, and beta-catenin to abnormal epithelial and myofibroblast differentiation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, providing indirect but robust evidence of miR-200 deregulation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition activation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PMID: 27586205 The authors found that transient TUBB3 activation, through ABCB1, in response to the stimulation of FOXO3a expression, significantly contributes to the cross-resistance of the paclitaxel-resistant cell population and consequently limits the efficacy of both agents where cancer cells have developed multiple resistance. PMID: 27284014 By linkage and sequencing analyses, we identified the mutation c.784C>T (p.R262C) in TUBB3 gene in six members of a Turkish family with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles. PMID: 27428177 High TUBB3 expression is associated with Melanoma. PMID: 28024114 these results identify a broad spectrum of cancers that can at least sporadically express TUBB3. Testing of TUBB3 in cancer types eligible for taxane-based therapies could be helpful to identify patients who might best benefit from this treatment. PMID: 29022485 TUBB3 overexpression is linked to an aggressive subtype of urinary bladder cancers, which is characterized by increased genetic instability, p53 alterations, and rapid cell proliferation. PMID: 28025079 The central findings of our study are that TSA and VPA affect the expression of neuronal lineage genes in an rMSCs culture. After exposure to TSA or VPA, the expression of early neuronal gene decreases but equally the expression of mature neuron genes increases PMID: 28397704 a positive correlation was observed between Snail presence and TUBB3 upregulation in tested adenocarcinoma cell lines. PMID: 27188792 This elucidates a hitherto unknown role for this microtubule protein and provides insight into correlations between high betaIII-tubulin expression and poor patient outcome in this disease PMID: 27207668 TUBB3 involvement in breast cancer cells apoptosis PMID: 28075472 The expressions of TYMS, TUBB3 and STMN1 were significantly associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of age, gender and family history of gastric cancer, but not with differentiation, growth patterns, metastasis and TNM staging in patients with gastric cancer. PMID: 28056823 It findings reveal that expression of relatively low levels of TUBB3 in mitotic cells can be detrimental for their cytokinesis and underscore the importance of CIT-K in counteracting this event. PMID: 26586574 Epitaxial growth of alpha1A/betaIII microtubules from heterogeneous brain seeds is inefficient but can be fully rescued by incorporating as little as 5% of brain tubulin into the homogeneous alpha1A/betaIII lattice. PMID: 27129203 TUBB3 mutations cause both Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles type 3 and malformations of cortical development. PMID: 26639658 The decreased expression of TUBB3 could be a significant marker for predicting unfavourable prognosis in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma. PMID: 26426765 High TUBB3 mRNA expression was associated with breast cancer. PMID: 26406408 mutations proximal to the TUBB3 kinesin-binding site alter polymerization dynamics. PMID: 27046833 Functional characterization of MC1R-TUBB3 intergenic splice variants of the human melanocortin 1 receptor has been undertaken in response to ultraviolet irradiation. PMID: 26657157 TUBB3, TOP2A, CYP19A1 and CYP2D6 gene expression, but not protein expression, was associated with patient survival in breast cancer . PMID: 26252353 In advanced cervical squamous cell cancer, TUBB3 was highly expressed in 20.%% of cases. It had no impact on survival in patients treated with antimicrotubule agents. PMID: 26165688 Findings suggest that overexpression of Class III beta-tubulin, Sox2, and nuclear Survivin might be predictive of taxane resistance and poor progression-free survival in patients with stage III ovarian epithelial cancer. PMID: 26198101 High level of stathmin exhibited poor response to chemotherapy . Similar effects were not observed for b-III-tubulin. PMID: 25894372 Results show an overexpression of TUBB3 in breast cancer brain metastases and its expression was significantly associated with distant metastases. These findings suggest a novel role of TUBB3 in regulation of metastases and integrin-Src signaling. PMID: 25724666 Depletion of betaIII-tubulin from MCF7 breast cancer cells increased mitotic arrest by ixabepilon. Increased betaIII-tubulin may be an important contributor to the development of resistance to ixabepilone. PMID: 26416565 Data suggest that silencing of beta III-tubulin expression may be a potential therapeutic strategy to increase the long-term survival of pancreatic cancer patients. PMID: 25544769 blocking of the beta-III tubulin expression in colorectal cancer cells does not affect their viability, but reduces the cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix PMID: 26591579 Results show that cabazitaxel resistance mechanisms involve alterations in microtubule dynamicity, as manifested by higher expression of TUBB3 and decreased BRCA1. PMID: 25416788 These results therefore suggested that certain TUBB3 mutations may predominantly be associated with axonal peripheral neuropathy. PMID: 25482575 This review discusses the confirmation that Gli1 overexpression is associated with decreased response to tumor chemotherapy, it was possible to sensitize cells to epothilones after addition a suitable inhibitor. PMID: 25661915 High TUBB3 expression in NSCLC appeared to correlate with lower PTX sensitivity PMID: 25964544 This study revealed that TUBB3 is a moderately sensitive and highly specific tissue marker for discriminating peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas from other primary liver tumours. PMID: 25039376 First report of an autosomal-dominant inheritance of the TUBB3 c.1228G>A mutation in a family provides new insights into the spectrum and variability of endocrine phenotypes associated with the TUBB3 E410K syndrome. PMID: 25559402 ERCC1 mRNA levels were higher in metastatic adenocarcinoma NSCLC; TUBB3 mRNA levels were significantly higher in poorly differentiated tumors and in advanced stage NSCLC, which indicates the poor prognosis. PMID: 24762590 Findings revealed how betaIII-tubulin influences tumor growth in NSCLC, defining new biologic functions and mechanism of action of betaIII-tubulin in tumorigenesis. PMID: 25414139 betaIII-tubulin down-regulated significantly sensitized NSCLC A549/Taxol cells to Paclitaxel PMID: 25130963 evidence for a direct linkage between HIF-2alpha and increased expression of betaIII-t by hypoxia PMID: 25244496 Our data support the use of TUBB3 staining in differentiating follicular lymphoma, including BCL2-negative cases, from follicular hyperplasia PMID: 24232867 Data indicate that ABCB1 protein, beta tubulin I and III (betaI, and betaIII tubulin) might contribute to the multidrug resistance (MDR) of MCF7/DOC and be potential therapeutic targets for overcoming MDR of breast cancer. PMID: 24894670 The sensitivity of gastric cancer patients to paclitaxel treatment was inversely correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of class III beta-tubulin. PMID: 24722794 The expression level of TUBB3 may be a useful biomarker to predict the clinical outcomes of the taxane/vinorebine-based chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC. PMID: 24705847 Patients with exotropia, vertical gaze limitation, and ptosis do not have classic Moebius syndrome and may have TUBB3 mutations associated with CFEOM3. PMID: 24612975 TUBB3 was a strong predictive marker in recurrent and metastatic gastric cancer patients receiving taxane-based first-line palliative chemotherapy. PMID: 24053422 Sox9 allows the survival of ovarian cells upon hypoxic condition, through the activation of betaIII-tubulin expression. PMID: 24661907 High tubulin beta 3 expression is associated with malignant pleural mesothelioma. PMID: 23810210 Higher response rates were observed among betaIII-tubulin-positive patients. PMID: 23853246

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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