Recombinant Human TNF alpha Protein (N-6His)

Name: Recombinant Human TNF alpha Protein (N-6His)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BL-1665NP
Availability: InStock

BL-1665NP: Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)

Collections: Antibody / cell therapy targets, Antibody therapeutic / adc target proteins, Buy cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors for research online, High-quality cytokines for advanced research, High-quality recombinant proteins, Tumor necrosis factors and receptors (tnfs)

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha is produced by our E.coli expression system and the target gene encoding Gly57-Leu233 is expressed with a 6His tag at the N-terminus.
Accession	P01375
Synonym	Tumor Necrosis Factor; Cachectin; TNF-Alpha; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2; TNF-a; TNF; TNFA; TNFSF2
Gene Background	Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T-cells, and NK-cells following stimulation by bacterial LPS. Cells expressing CD4 secrete TNF-α while cells that express CD8 secrete little or no TNF-α. Synthesis of TNF-α can be induced by many different stimuli including interferons, IL2, and GM-CSF. The clinical use of the potent anti-tumor activity of TNF-α has been limited by the proinflammatory side effects such as fever, dose-limiting hypotension, hepatotoxicity, intravascular thrombosis, and hemorrhage. Designing clinically applicable TNF-α mutants with low systemic toxicity has been of intense pharmacological interest. Human TNF-α that binds to murine TNF-R55 but not murine TNF-R7, exhibits retained anti-tumor activity and reduced systemic toxicity in mice compared with murine TNF-α, which binds to both murine TNF receptors. Based on these results, many TNF-α mutants that selectively bind to TNF-R55 have been designed. These mutants displayed cytotoxic activities on tumor cell lines in vitro and have exhibited lower systemic toxicity in vivo. Recombinant Human TNF-α High Active Mutant differs from the wild-type by amino acid subsitution of amino acids 1-7 with Arg8, Lys9, Arg10 and Phe157. This mutant form has been shown to have increased activity with less inflammatory side effects in vivo.
Molecular Mass	21.8 KDa
Apmol Mass	18 KDa, reducing conditions
Formulation	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 20mM PB, 100mM NaCl, pH 8.0.
Endotoxin	Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 EU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE. (QC verified)
Biological Activity	Biologically active. Please contact us to obtain bioactivity data.
Reconstitution	Always centrifuge tubes before opening.Do not mix by vortex or pipetting.It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100μg/ml.Dissolve the lyophilized protein in distilled water.Please aliquot the reconstituted solution to minimize freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage	Lyophilized protein should be stored at ≤ -20°C, stable for one year after receipt.Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 2-8°C for 2-7 days.Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at ≤ -20°C for 3 months.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature.Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature listed below.
Usage	For Research Use Only

Target Details

Target Function	Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective. Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line. Induces insulin resistance in adipocytes via inhibition of insulin-induced IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-induced glucose uptake. Induces GKAP42 protein degradation in adipocytes which is partially responsible for TNF-induced insulin resistance. Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with IL1B and IL6.; The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.; [Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form]: Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.; [Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form]: Secreted.; [C-domain 1]: Secreted.; [C-domain 2]: Secreted.
Protein Families	Tumor necrosis factor family
Database References	HGNC: 11892 OMIM: 191160 KEGG: hsa:7124 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000398698 UniGene: PMID: 30225702 Treatment with 30 microg/ml curcumin also significantly diminishes the protein production of TNFalpha in Behcet's disease patients (p < .01) and healthy controls (p < .05) M1 macrophages. PMID: 29806793 the protective role of the A allele in TNF-alpha 238A/G but not TNF-alpha 308A/G against the occurrence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the Caucasian population (Meta-Analysis) PMID: 30412082 TNF-alpha expressed regionally in Epicardial Adipose Tissue may exert potent effects on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis PMID: 28931782 The effect of the pro-inflammatory diet on concentrations of TNF-alpha was more pronounced in pregnant women reporting higher levels of stress. PMID: 30200631 TNF-alpha -308G/A polymorphism is not associated with the risk to develop of bullous pemphigoid and alopecia areata in our Iranian cohort PMID: 29843231 data support that only the promoter single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1800629 within the TNF-alpha gene is associated with increased risk for developing Graves' disease (GD), especially in European population. Future large-scale studies are required to validate the associations between TNF-alpha gene and GD. PMID: 29440561 We studied 173 polymorphisms to establish an association with the response to anti-TNF drugs in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (N=144). PMID: 27670765 The SNP rs4819554 in the promoter region of IL17RA significantly influences the response to anti-TNF drugs at week 12. PMID: 27670766 TNF-alpha promoter gene polymorphisms and/or haplotypes are risk factors of Nephrotic syndrome and resistance to steroid among Egyptian children PMID: 28803697 The findings of this study demonstrated that polymorphism in TNF-alpha gene might be a risk factor for nasal polyposis in the north part of Iran and the minor frequency of G308A allele in the current study is slightly more than other major populations. PMID: 30003390 results suggest, the interplay of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma derived from CD4+T lymphocytes and TNF-alpha from CD14+ cells has no direct additive impact on parasite replication but induces IL-4 production. PMID: 29953494 The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs361525, rs1800629, and rs17999645 of tumor necrosis factor-alpha were significantly correlated with the diagnosis of cervical cancer PMID: 29940817 Rs11541076 in IRAK3, a negative regulator of TLR signalling, as a predictor of anti-TNF treatment response. PMID: 27698401 In this Brazilian population, TNF and IL17 gene polymorphisms responsible for the expression of important inflammatory cytokines were associated with overall spondyloarthritis and, specifically, with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis, regardless of gender and HLA-B27 PMID: 29849482 by restraining TNFR1 at the cell surface via sialylation, ST6Gal-I acts as a functional switch to divert signaling toward survival. These collective findings point to a novel glycosylation-dependent mechanism that regulates the cellular response to TNF and may promote cancer cell survival within TNF-rich tumor microenvironments. PMID: 29233887 The TNF*A allele confer susceptibility to AIH in the Tunisian patients and is associated with increased production of TNF-alpha. Anti-TNF antibodies could be an alternative to the use of corticotherapy and may avoid the exacerbated immune response in Autoimmune hepatitis. PMID: 29845365 Impairment in TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-17 production upon stimulation with mycobacterial antigens may contribute to the increased susceptibility to M. tuberculosis infection observed in HTLV-1 infected individuals. PMID: 29523325 LL was significantly negatively correlated with PGC-1alpha, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 mRNA expressions. PGC-1alpha mRNA expression levels in paraspinal muscles may be affected by lumbar kyphosis. PMID: 30233161 TNF-alpha-308G>A polymorphism affects the overall survival of cancer patients and is a potential therapeutic target for cancer. PMID: 30407345 Many inflammatory pathologies are now recognized to be driven by aberrant TNF-induced cell death, which, in most circumstances, depends on the kinase Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). [review] PMID: 29217118 High TNF-alpha expression is associated with retinopathy of prematurity. PMID: 29274846 Tumour necrosis factor-alpha selectively reduces BMPR-II transcription and mediates post-translational BMPR-II cleavage via the sheddases, ADAM10 and ADAM17 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. PMID: 28084316 Polymorphisms of IL-1betab and TNF-a are not a risk of ICC, but an individual with O. viverrini infection has an effect on all genotypes of the TNF-alpha gene that might promote intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma . Primary prevention of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in high-risk areas is based on efforts to reduce O. viverrini infection. PMID: 30139338 In placenta, when gestational age was controlled for, partial correlation revealed a significant positive correlation between TNF-alpha and MMP-9 only in the second trimester. PMID: 28820024 Study shows that in human endometrial stromal cells, high tumor necrosis factor levels negatively affect the insulin action through decreased adiponectin signaling and glucose transporter type 4 protein. This could explain the failures observed in endometrial function of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID: 28946816 Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within P2X4R and two SNPs within CAMKK2 influenced concentrations of TNFalpha in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but these SNP did not associate with risk for HIV-associated sensory neuropathy in South Africans. PMID: 29428485 Results indicated that the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha impairs endothelial tight junctions and promotes monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion by upregulating beta-site amyloid precursor protein enzyme 1 expression through activating PKC signaling and sequentially cleaving alpha-2, 6-sialic acid transferase 1. PMID: 28091531 These findings reveal that PrP enhances the responses to TNF-alpha, promoting proinflammatory cytokine production, which may contribute to inflammation and tumorigenesis. PMID: 28900035 This study found that the protein and mRNA expression levels of the cytokines TNF-alpha is significantly increased. PMID: 28476335 Taking together, these results suggest that Wnt/beta-catenin signal pathway activation-dependent up-regulation of syncytin-1 contributes to the pro-inflammatory factor TNF-alpha-enhanced fusion between oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and endothelial cells. PMID: 28112190 Data suggest that, in children with pediatric obesity, lifestyle weight-loss intervention results in down-regulation of serum cardiotrophin-1 (CTF1), interleukin-6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFA); expression of CTF1, IL6, and TNFA is also down-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after improvement in adiposity, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio. PMID: 28749076 TNFalpha differently regulated the levels of PPARalpha, LXRalpha, and LXRbeta binding to the apoA-I gene promoter in THP-1 cells. Obtained results suggest a novel tissue-specific mechanism of the TNFalpha-mediated regulation of apoA-I gene in monocytes and macrophages and show that endogenous ApoA-I might be positively regulated in macrophage during inflammation. PMID: 29442267 this is the first evidence to suggest that TET2 mutations promote clonal dominance with aging by conferring TNFalpha resistance to sensitive bone marrow progenitors while also propagating such an inflammatory environment. PMID: 29195897 Anti-rotavirus effect of TNF-alpha was achieved by NFkappaB-regulated genes via the activation of classical nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling. PMID: 29859235 Results revealed that heterozygous genotype GA of TNF-alpha-238 (rs 361525) SNP significantly increased the risk of adverse-outcome (mortality rate), regardless of organ dysfunction or severity of sepsis. PMID: 29978383 in the patients with primary depression, depressive symptoms were associated with TNF-alpha PMID: 30148175 Addition of TNFalpha to podocytes causes CD80 upregulation, actin reorganization and podocyte injury. PMID: 29022109 The results of the study suggest that the levels of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are important diagnostic markers of inflammation in patients with chronic pancreatitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PMID: 30280549 TNF-alpha and IL-10 treatment can affect the expression of ICAM-1 and CD31 in human coronary artery endothelial cells. PMID: 29949812 the results of the present study suggested that overexpression of KLF15 in Eahy926 cells exhibited a protective effect against TNFalpha induced dysfunction via activation of Nrf2 signaling and inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB signaling. PMID: 29956764 The present study demonstrated the ability of 30 and 100 ng/ml TIMP3 to attenuate migration and proliferation, and to inhibit the activity of MMP2, MMP9 and TNFalpha secretion of NA SMCs. In conclusion, TIMP3 may be considered a potential therapeutic drug for use in a novel drugeluting stent, to attenuate the progressive dilation of the aortic NA. PMID: 29956789 Elevated A20 promotes TNF-induced and RIPK1-dependent intestinal epithelial cell death PMID: 30209212 TNF-alpha GG genotype at -238 and GG haplotype at positions -308 and -238 were associated with Kawasaki disease in an Iranian population. PMID: 27455075 We have shown that a TNFalpha gene polymorphism, rs1800629, is highly significantly associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis and BMD in the female Han Chinese population PMID: 29481288 allele -308 A TNF-alpha may have a role in progression of rheumatoid arthritis in a North Indian population PMID: 28748515 ATF3 mediates the inhibitory action of TNF-alpha on osteoblast differentiation and that the TNF-alpha-activated JNK pathway is responsible for the induction of Atf3 expression. PMID: 29605296 TNF-alpha, DKK1, and OPG have roles in pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis PMID: 28676900 Btk acts in the TLR7/8 pathway and mediates Ser-536 phosphorylation of p65 RelA and subsequent nuclear entry in primary human macrophages. PMID: 29567473 Results indicated that prolonged tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) exposure could have detrimental consequences to endothelial cells by causing senescence and, therefore, chronically increased TNFalpha levels might possibly contribute to the pathology of chronic inflammatory diseases by driving premature endothelial senescence. PMID: 28045034

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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