Recombinant Human Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta (THRB) Protein (His-SUMO)

Name: Recombinant Human Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta (THRB) Protein (His-SUMO)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-04704P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Based on the SEQUEST from database of E.coli host and target protein, the LC-MS/MS Analysis result of this product could indicate that this peptide derived from E.coli-expressed Homo sapiens (Human) THRB.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta (THRB) Protein (His-SUMO) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P10828
Target Symbol	THRB
Synonyms	Avian erythroblastic leukemia viral (v erb a) oncogene homolog 2; C ERBA 2; C ERBA BETA; c-erbA-2; c-erbA-beta; ERBA 2; ERBA BETA; ERBA2; Erythroblastic leukemia viral (v erb a) oncogene homolog 2 avian; generalized resistance to thyroid hormone; GRTH; MGC126109; MGC126110; NR1A2; Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group A member 2; Oncogene ERBA2; PRTH; THB_HUMAN; THR1; THRB 1; THRB 2; thrB; THRB1; THRB2; Thyroid hormone nuclear receptor beta variant 1; Thyroid hormone receptor beta 1; Thyroid hormone receptor beta 2; Thyroid hormone receptor beta; Thyroid hormone receptor, beta (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v erb a) oncogene homolog 2, avian)
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-SUMO
Target Protein Sequence	MTPNSMTENGLTAWDKPKHCPDREHDWKLVGMSEACLHRKSHSERRSTLKNEQSSPHLIQTTWTSSIFHLDHDDVNDQSVSSAQTFQTEEKKCKGYIPSYLDKDELCVVCGDKATGYHYRCITCEGCKGFFRRTIQKNLHPSYSCKYEGKCVIDKVTRNQCQECRFKKCIYVGMATDLVLDDSKRLAKRKLIEENREKRRREELQKSIGHKPEPTDEEWELIKTVTEAHVATNAQGSHWKQKRKFLPEDIGQAPIVNAPEGGKVDLEAFSHFTKIITPAITRVVDFAKKLPMFCELPCEDQIILLKGCCMEIMSLRAAVRYDPESETLTLNGEMAVTRGQLKNGGLGVVSDAIFDLGMSLSSFNLDDTEVALLQAVLLMSSDRPGLACVERIEKYQDSFLLAFEHYINYRKHHVTHFWPKLLMKVTDLRMIGACHASRFLHMKVECPTELFPPLFLEVFED
Expression Range	1-461aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	68.8kDa
Research Area	Cardiovascular
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Nuclear hormone receptor that can act as a repressor or activator of transcription. High affinity receptor for thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine.
Subcellular Location	Nucleus.
Protein Families	Nuclear hormone receptor family, NR1 subfamily
Database References	HGNC: 11799 OMIM: 145650 KEGG: hsa:7068 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000348827 UniGene: PMID: 29679278 Thyroid hormone receptor beta and NCOA4 regulate terminal erythrocyte differentiation. PMID: 28864529 Report of a novel mutation T273R in the THRB gene of patients exhibiting signs of the syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone. Authors propose that the trans-activating function of TRbeta is likely dominantly hindered in these patients. PMID: 28557707 Authors previously shown that Nuclear Receptor Corepressor 1 (NCoR) and the thyroid hormone receptor beta1 (TRbeta) inhibit tumor invasion. Here they show that these molecules repress VEGF-C and VEGF-D gene transcription in breast cancer cells, reducing lymphatic vessel density and sentinel lymph node invasion in tumor xenografts. PMID: 27806339 The results emphasized the importance of TRB1 in the regulation of HSV-1 replication in differentiated environment with neuronal phenotype. PMID: 26843385 In certain contexts, Rb loss enables TRbeta1-dependent suppression of SKP2 as a safeguard against RB1-deficient tumorigenesis. TRbeta2 counteracts TRbeta1, thus disrupting this safeguard and promoting development of RB1-deficient malignancies. PMID: 28972075 A relatively stable genome in retinoblastoma tumor cells is maintained by TRb1 and TRb2-mediated PTTG1 inhibition, counteracting Rb-deficiency-related genomic instability. PMID: 28242412 the actions of R429Q-TRbeta1 in Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (RTH)-Syndrome most likely reflect the reduced hormone affinity observed for this mutant rather than an alteration in target gene repertoire. PMID: 28257829 The present studies uncovered a novel mechanism by which thyroid hormone receptor beta could function as a tumor suppressor through modulation of TNF alpha-IkappaB alpha-NFkappaB pathway. PMID: 27254276 Novel THRB single nucleotide substitution-C to G in codon 340 in resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome. PMID: 28222413 TRbeta suppressed Runx2 transcriptional activities, thus confirming TRbeta regulation of Runx2 at functional thyroid hormone-response elements. Significantly, these findings indicate that a ratio of the tumor-suppressor TRbeta and tumor-promoting Runx2 may reflect tumor aggression and serve as biomarkers in biopsy tissues. The discovery of this TRbeta-Runx2 signaling supports the emerging role of TRbeta as a tumor supp... PMID: 27253998 results revealed that microRNA 200a inhibits erythroid differentiation by targeting PDCD4 and THRB PMID: 27734462 it was observed that ER stimulated gene expression by interacting with MEIS1 and FOXP3, and ER inhibited gene expression by interacting with THRB and GRHL1. PMID: 27035558 presents 1 pedigree of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome with heterozygous A317T mutation in THRbeta gene in the proband and his mother, which is the first reported mutation in Chinese and provides a comprehensive review of available literature PMID: 27537566 Molecular cloning and detection of TR beta isoform 4 in pituitary cells. PMID: 26513165 The expression of thyroid receptor beta is linked to fertility status. PMID: 26715425 p.H271D mutation associated with resistance thyroid hormone syndrome PMID: 26041374 diagnosis was confirmed by direct THRB sequencing that revealed 2 novel mutations: the heterozygous p.Ala317Ser in subject 1 and the heterozygous p.Arg438Pro in subject 2 PMID: 25738994 Down-regulation of THRbeta correlates with the reduction of all markers of differentiation and is associated with overexpression of some miRNAs supposed to play a role in thyroid tumorigenesis. PMID: 26003825 propose that the mutated C-terminal region of TRbeta1 could function as an "onco-domain" PMID: 25924236 cases suggested that certain RTHbeta mutants such as p.R316C might show very mild syndrome of inappropriate secretion of thyrotropin in spite of having apparent peripheral resistance to thyroid hormone PMID: 25502991 Loss of heterozygosity in THRB and its proximal microsatellite markers may play a role in tumorigenesis and development in invasive breast cancer. PMID: 26350179 Results showed that triple negative breast cancer patients expressed low level of THRB which was associated with poor outcome and enhanced resistance to both docetaxel and doxorubicin treatment. PMID: 25820519 It is demonstrated in this article that the A234T mutation in the THR-beta gene can cause the thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. PMID: 26273722 Its promoter methylation may be involved in the development of gastric cancer. PMID: 25302749 data indicated altered mineral metabolism in adults and children with resistance to thyroid hormone due to mutations in the THRB gene PMID: 25063548 data demonstrate that TR sumoylation is required for activation of the Wnt canonical signaling pathway during preadipocyte proliferation and enhances the PPARgamma signaling that promotes differentiation PMID: 25572392 down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and precancerous peritumoral tissue PMID: 25156012 miR-424 or miR-503 mediate anti-proliferative and anti-invasive actions of thyroid hormone receptor beta PMID: 24796297 CpG methylation is not the major mechanism contributing to decreased THRB expression in ccRCC PMID: 24849932 Coordinated regulation of transcription and alternative splicing by the thyroid hormone receptor.Thyroid hormone receptor stimulates target gene transcription by binding to the thyroid hormone-response element in the presence of triiodothyronine. PMID: 25019984 The clinical and biochemical characteristics of our samples of Mediterranean populations with thyroid hormone resistance were similar to those previously described. Interestingly, in our populations we identified four novel mutations in the TRbeta gene PMID: 24722129 TRb expression in FTC cells decreased cancer cell proliferation, impeded tumor cell migration, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo through downregulation of the AKT-mTOR-p70 S6P signaling pathway and suppression of VEGF expression PMID: 23731250 T3 throid hormone enhanced the recruitment of the TRbeta1/Oct-1 complex on Octamer-transcription factor-1 site within cyclin D1 promoter. PMID: 24121026 ONL001656673 PMID: 20082849 A heterozygous mutation at codon 350 located in exon 9 of the THRB gene was detected in all the affected members of the family. It is important to consider thyroid hormone levels in association with TSH levels to prevent inappropriate treatmen PMID: 24217081 Using several human ROP enhancer/promoter-luciferase reporter constructs, the study found that thyroid hormone receptor beta 2 increased luciferase activities through the 5'-UTR and intron 3-4 region. PMID: 24058409 Alzheimer's disease brain tissues with elevated neuroserpin protein also showed increased expression of THRbeta1 and HuD PMID: 24036060 Results showthat thyroid hormone receptor beta1 (TRbeta1) mRNA expression was significantly reduced in gastric cancer specimens and the methylation of promoter of TRbeta1 gene in gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than in adjacent normal tissues. PMID: 24434154 SIRT1 stimulates THRB1 activity in a manner that is independent of PGC-1alpha but requires SIRT1 deacetylase activity. PMID: 23922917 Adenovirus E1A 55R functions as a strong co-activator of TR-dependent transcription. PMID: 24136366 A combination of isoform-specific recruitment and tissue-specific expression of these newly identified coregulator candidates serves to customize TR function for different biological purposes in different cell types. PMID: 23558175 Data indicate that 3,5-diiodothyronine T2 activates the thyroid hormone receptor beta1 (TRbeta1). PMID: 23736295 we report a novel mutation in the THRb gene [c.986C>T (p.Thr329Ile)] in a woman and her daughter, who was also a carrier of the same mutation. PMID: 23195042 TR-beta and LXR-alpha competitively up-regulate the human Seladin-1 promoter, sharing the same response element, site A. PMID: 23416078 One SNP 5' of the thyroid hormone receptor-beta gene was associated with BDR in the childhood population and two adult populations (P-value=0.0012- PMID: 22212731 a novel inverse recruitment mechanism in which liganded TRbeta recruits corepressors to inhibit PLA2g2a expression. PMID: 23629656 THRB intronic SNPs can provide useful information on chemoradiotherapy-related severe myelotoxicity in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma PMID: 23136537 We document a congenital disorder of cone function characterized by severely reduced L- and M-cone responses and increased S-cone responses caused by deleterious mutations in the THRbeta2 gene in thyroid resistant patients. PMID: 22551329 THRB mRNA expression in DTC was 90% lower than in normal controls, and this decrease was associated with a higher tumor/lymph node staging. PMID: 23183175

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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