Recombinant Human Steroid 21-Hydroxylase (CYP21A2) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Steroid 21-Hydroxylase (CYP21A2) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-08001P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Steroid 21-Hydroxylase (CYP21A2) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P08686
Target Symbol	CYP21A2
Synonyms	CYP21; 21 OHase; 21-OHase; CA21H ; CAH1; CP21A_HUMAN; CPS1; CYP21A 2; CYP21A2; CYP21B; Cytochrome P-450c21; Cytochrome P450 21; Cytochrome P450 C21B; Cytochrome P450 XXI; Cytochrome P450; family 21; subfamily A; polypeptide 2; Cytochrome P450; subfamily XXIA (steroid 21 hydroxylase; congenital adrenal hyperplasia); polypeptide 2; Cytochrome P450-C21; Cytochrome P450-C21B; P450 C21; P450 C21B; P450c21B; Steroid 21 hydroxylase; Steroid 21 monooxygenase; Steroid 21-hydroxylase
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	MLLLGLLLLPLLAGARLLWNWWKLRSLHLPPLAPGFLHLLQPDLPIYLLGLTQKFGPIYRLHLGLQDVVVLNSKRTIEEAMVKKWADFAGRPEPLTYKLVSKNYPDLSLGDYSLLWKAHKKLTRSALLLGIRDSMEPVVEQLTQEFCERMRAQPGTPVAIEEEFSLLTCSIICYLTFGDKIKDDNLMPAYYKCIQEVLKTWSHWSIQIVDVIPFLRFFPNPGLRRLKQAIEKRDHIVEMQLRQHKESLVAGQWRDMMDYMLQGVAQPSMEEGSGQLLEGHVHMAAVDLLIGGTETTANTLSWAVVFLLHHPEIQQRLQEELDHELGPGASSSRVPYKDRARLPLLNATIAEVLRLRPVVPLALPHRTTRPSSISGYDIPEGTVIIPNLQGAHLDETVWERPHEFWPDRFLEPGKNSRALAFGCGARVCLGEPLARLELFVVLTRLLQAFTLLPSGDALPSLQPLPHCSVILKMQPFQVRLQPRGMGAHSPGQNQ
Expression Range	1-494aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	82.9 kDa
Research Area	Signal Transduction
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that plays a major role in adrenal steroidogenesis. Catalyzes the hydroxylation at C-21 of progesterone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to respectively form 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol, intermediate metabolites in the biosynthetic pathway of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase).
Subcellular Location	Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.
Protein Families	Cytochrome P450 family
Database References	HGNC: 2600 OMIM: 201910 KEGG: hsa:1589 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000408860 UniGene: PMID: 30465166 The distribution of CYP21A2 gene mutations among Ukrainian patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia of different clinical phenotypes are presented. PMID: 30480408 233 pathogenic variants of CYP21A2 gene found in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency have been catalogued. (Review) PMID: 29450859 Herein, we have functionally characterized the CYP21A2 missense mutations viz., p. F306V and p. H365N. Notably, both the mutations were harbored by the patients exhibiting the non classical phenotype. PMID: 29684512 21-Hydroxylase is encoded by the CYP21A2 gene, with a homologous pseudogene. All patients with SW 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) had elevated plasma renin activity. The most frequent SW 21-OHD mutations were c.293-13C>G and gene deletion, whereas Ile173Asn and c.293-13C>G were the most frequently detected in SV 21-OHD. PMID: 28392195 Identification of a novel compound heterozygous mutation of the CYP21A2 gene causing 21-hydroxylase deficiency in a Chinese pedigree has been reported. PMID: 29328376 Bioinformatics analysis of protein structure and known mutations in CYP21A2 gene in congenital adrenal hyperplasia demonstrate that most of the SNPs shows no biological implications. However, the study proposes a putative pathogenic effect of five novel mutations, p.L107Q, p.L122R, p.R132H, p.P335L and p.H466fs, found in 21-hydroxylase deficient patients. PMID: 27966633 Data indicate seven pathogenic mutations of the CYP21A2 gene among the 8 patients, and 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) can cause testicular hypoplasia and spermatogenic failure. PMID: 29419855 Mutation in the CYP21A2 gene is associated with nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency and final height. PMID: 28672743 CAH can be diagnosed in utero through direct molecular analysis of CYP21A2 gene, using DNA extracted from foetal tissues or cells obtained from chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis.Our preliminary findings show that prenatal diagnosis (PND)by direct mutation analysis along with MLPA is a feasible strategy that can be offered to families at risk PMID: 28639595 Association of HLA alleles and haplotypes with CYP21A2 gene p. V282L mutation in the Croatian population has been reported. PMID: 27709802 Study describes a biallelic TNXB variants in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to CYP21A2 deletions resulting in a classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome phenotype with skin hyperextensibility, widened atrophic scars and joint hypermobility. PMID: 27297501 Variations in CYP21A2 gene is associated with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. PMID: 28844486 CYP21A2 carriers had a lower risk of developing mood and stress-related disorders after the diagnosis of the child PMID: 27654981 A unique haplotype of RCCX copy number variation harboring a CYP21A2 identified in congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients. PMID: 28401898 The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literary review regarding all intronic CYP21A2 pathological variants reported to date--{REVIEW} PMID: 28521877 Nine known mutations have been found in Chinese patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID: 28415939 There seems to be a specific spectrum of CYP21A2 gene mutations in Fujian area. PMID: 27984606 in-depth investigation of congenital adrenal hyperplasia-associated P450 21A2 variants reveals critical insight into the effects of disease-causing mutations on this important enzyme. PMID: 28539365 review of the role of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia [review] PMID: 27380651 CYP21A2 expression is localized in the developing distal epithelium of the human perinatal lung and is compatible with in situ production and intracrine actions of active glucocorticoids. PMID: 27004467 CYP21A2 genetic analysis of patients and family members with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in Croatia PMID: 27041116 spectrum of CYP21A2 mutations in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in an Indian cohort PMID: 27890570 CYP21A2 mutation spectrum of Chinese patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency-induced congenital adrenal hyperplasia PMID: 26804566 27 CYP21A2 mutant alleles is identified in 14 congenital adrenal hyperplasia-suspected patients. The c.293-13A>G (or c.293-13C>G) was the most common mutation, and p.Ile173Asn was the second, identified in 25% and 17.9% of alleles. PMID: 26206692 Data suggest that the definitive diagnosis can be established based on steroid profile (USP) and/or 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2) genetic testing. PMID: 26331608 We found p.Gln318X mutation in 4 patients and c.290 -13 C>G (IVS2-13C>G) in another 4. Four subjects had, what seems to be, a common deletion in our cohort detected by MLPA (a technique designed to detect alterations (deletion/duplication). PMID: 25630015 In current study, molecular testing of 21 patients with classic form of Congenital adrenal hyperplasia identified eight mutations of the CYP21A2 gene. PMID: 26278268 The results suggest that the A>G variation in the Z promoter is involved in misregulating the transcriptional activity of the CYP21A2 gene. PMID: 26184415 Data suggest 3 siblings with nonclassical, congenital adrenal hyperplasia exhibit rare mutation in CYP21A2; siblings are heterozygotes for maternal 30 kb deletion and exhibit a second, rare point mutation (c.1097G>A, p.R366H) in exon 8. [CASE REPORT] PMID: 26291314 Novel p.Leu129Pro and p.Ser165Pro CYP21A2 gene mutations in Serbian patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID: 26233337 The main conclusion from a mutation-structure-activity study is that the severity of the congenital adrenal hyperplasia clinical manifestations can be directly correlated with the degree of mutation-induced damage in terms of protein fold stability and active site changes in the structural model of Cytochrome P450 21A2. PMID: 26172259 The genetic analysis of the splice site mutation c.293-13A>G and c.518T>A variant can be used as good biomarkers for early detection of cases and carriers in 21-OHD. PMID: 25501839 Increased allelic frequency for the CYP21A2 p.Asn493Ser polymorphism is observed in girls with premature adrenarche. PMID: 25481255 Prevalence of P30L, P453S, and V281L mutations of CYP21A2 gene is increased in patients with adrenocortical tumors. PMID: 25970792 Mutations of CYP21A2 gene is associated with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID: 26903061 This study aimed to design a reliable and rational approach for identifying mutations in the CYP21A2 gene and to characterize the molecular basis of 21-Hydroxylase deficiency in 30 Chinese patients. PMID: 24503005 mutations of the CYP21A2 gene may have a role in nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia PMID: 25041270 The result confirm specific steroid 21-hydroxylase-directed reactivity of the peripheral Addison's disease lymphocytes, which display increased synthesis of interleukin-2 and soluble IL2Ra. PMID: 25347332 Boy exhibits compound heterozygous mutations (IVS2-13 A/C>G, and p.E431K) in CYP21A2 resulting in congenital adrenal hyperplasia; the mother is heterozygous for IVS2-13 A/C>G mutation; the father is heterozygous for E431K mutation. [CASE REPORT] PMID: 25319875 analysis of CYP21A2 mutations in Turkish congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients PMID: 25227725 The common CYP21A2 variants exert the same effect on hormone levels in the healthy and disease-affected populations. PMID: 25210767 The structure of the human P450 21A2-substrate complex provides direct insight into mechanistic effects of genetic variants. PMID: 25855791 A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of blood pressure and hypertension in Chinese identified three new loci (CACNA1D, CYP21A2, and MED13L) and a newly discovered variant near SLC4A7. PMID: 25249183 Genetic variants of CYP21A2 associated to autoimmune Addison's disease(AAD) are in linkage disequilibrium with the main AAD risk locus HLA-DRB1, and CYP21A2 does not constitute an independent susceptibility locus. PMID: 25249698 Direct sequencing of CYP21A2 gene showed genotypes correlated to pathological phenotypes in congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients. PMID: 25025300 steroid 21-hydroxylase, CYP21A2, converted 16,17-dehydroprogesterone to the 21-hydroxylated product and only a trace of epoxide PMID: 25386927 Molecular modeling suggests a major impact on 21-hydroxylase activity, and functional analysis after expression in COS-7 cells confirms reduced enzymatic activity of the mutant enzymes. PMID: 24799024 Mutations in CYP21A2 gene is associated with Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID: 24667412 Mutations of CYP21A2 including IVS2-13A/C>G, Arg356Trp and Arg149Pro were associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency. PMID: 25119915

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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