Recombinant Human Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal-Type 1 (SPINK1) Protein (His-GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal-Type 1 (SPINK1) Protein (His-GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-01516P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal-Type 1 (SPINK1) Protein (His-GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	P00995
Target Symbol	SPINK1
Synonyms	Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor;Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor;TATI
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-6His-GST
Target Protein Sequence	GNTGADSLGREAKCYNELNGCTKIYDPVCGTDGNTYPNECVLCFENRKRQTSILIQKSGPC
Expression Range	19-79aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	38.2 kDa
Research Area	Cell Biology
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Serine protease inhibitor which exhibits anti-trypsin activity. In the pancreas, protects against trypsin-catalyzed premature activation of zymogens.; In the male reproductive tract, binds to sperm heads where it modulates sperm capacitance by inhibiting calcium uptake and nitrogen oxide (NO) production.
Subcellular Location	Secreted.
Database References	HGNC: 11244 OMIM: 167790 KEGG: hsa:6690 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000296695 UniGene: Hs.407856
Associated Diseases	Pancreatitis, hereditary (PCTT); Tropical calcific pancreatitis (TCP)

Gene Functions References

3 siblings with near identical clinical manifestations of early onset acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP), all possessing the same heterozygous for serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) mutation c.55+1G>A. PMID: 29346218
We demonstrate for the first time a significant decrease of SPINK1 levels after surgical decompression of pancreatic duct and a reduction of trypsin activity analysis after endoscopic decompression PMID: 29525377
SPINK1 over expression is associated with prostate cancer specific mortality in at risk men with biochemical and clinical recurrence after prostatectomy PMID: 27238617
Data show that alteration in beta-catenin expression, a core component of the CDH17/beta-catenin axis, in tumors affects serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) serum levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. PMID: 28631187
Findings indicate that the serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) p.N34S allele may cause reduced SPINK1 expression. PMID: 28609377
Having correlated our findings with current knowledge of SPINK1's role in exocrine pancreas pathophysiology, we propose that complete and partial functional losses of the SPINK1 gene are associated with quite distinct phenotypes, the former causing a new pediatric disease entity of severe infantile isolated exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) . PMID: 28945313
results suggest that rs142703147:C>A, which disrupts a PTF1L-binding site within an evolutionarily conserved HNF1A-PTF1L cis-regulatory module located upstream of the SPINK1 promoter, contributes to the chronic pancreatitis risk haplotype. PMID: 28556356
Studied mutations in cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) and serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) and their association with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP) and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. PMID: 29641165
Studies indicate that serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) gene, particularly the N34S mutation, has a genetic association with the development of pancreatitis [Meta-analysis]. PMID: 28984793
association between SPINK1 p.N34S gene variation and chronic pancreatitis [review, meta-analysis] PMID: 28546062
We present the case of a child with a homozygous mutation N34S in the SPINK1 gene, leading to acute recurrent pancreatitis and ultimately to chronic pancreatitis PMID: 28229614
Used in silico splicing prediction programs to prioritize SPINK1 intronic variants for further quantitative RT-PCR analysis the non-pathological c.194 + 13T > G variant was predicted by different programs to generate a new & viable donor splice site, the prediction scores being comparable to those for the physiological c.194 + 2T donor splice site & even higher than those for the physiological c.87 + 1G donor splice site. PMID: 28472998
Gene mutations were present in PRSS1 in 26 patients with acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis, SPINK1 in 23, CTRC in 3, and CPA1 in 5. In the 31 patients with mutations in SPINK1, CTRC, or CPA1, 16 (51.6%) had homozygous or heterozygous mutations with other mutations. PMID: 27409067
SPINK1 can associate with EGFR to promote the expression of cell proliferation-related and anti-apoptosis-related genes/proteins; inhibit the expression of pro-apoptosis-related genes/proteins via p38, ERK, and JNK pathways; and consequently promote the proliferation of BRL-3A cells. PMID: 28845526
The present study demonstrates for the first time that both fibroblast-derived and recombinant IL-6 induces SPINK1 expression and secretion in in colorectal adenocarcinoma. PMID: 26663388
Absolute exclusivity between SPINK1 overexpression and homozygous PTEN deletion in localized PCA. PMID: 27738792
It is the first time to simultaneously detect SPINK1 and ERG expression in initially diagnosed bone metastatic prostate cancer. The over-expression of SPINK1 was not only related to poor PSA response, but also significantly associated with the occurrence of castration-resistant prostate cancer, especially in those with much more aggressive phenotype PMID: 27159572
We describe a case of malignant pancreatic cancer diagnosed in a young patient with chronic pancreatitis who is a SPINK 1 heterozygote gene mutation carrier PMID: 27358244
Mutations in CFTR, SPINK1 or PRSS1 are present in one third of pediatric acute recurrent (ARP) or chronic (CP) pancreatitis with no other cause. PMID: 26692446
TATI proved to be a sensitive indicator of disease recurrence and distant metastasis, with a sensitivity of 84.4% and 75.7%, respectively. PMID: 26350184
Sixteen patients exhibited heterozygous pathogenic variants of SPINK1, including c.194+2T>C (n=12), p.N34S (n=3), and a novel pathogenic splicing variation c.194+1G>A. PMID: 27578509
Data indicate that SPINK1 expression status shows a lower rate of concordance between primary prostate cancer (PCA) site and nodule metastases, than those of ERG and PTEN. PMID: 26725250
Approx 25% of discontinuously involved prostate biopsy cores showed tumor foci with discordant ERG/SPINK1 status, consistent with multiclonal disease. PMID: 26743468
Letter/Case Report: high penetrance of the PRSS1 A16V mutation caused by SPINK1 N34S and CFTR TG11-5T co-mutations associated with pancreatitis. PMID: 26658045
Identify SPINK1 promoter variants exhibiting significant functional defects that should be considered potential risk factors for chronic pancreatitis. PMID: 26348468
expression represents an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in ovarian carcinoma patients PMID: 26437224
The SPINK1 protein seems to play a role in tumor proliferation. PMID: 26037168
neither ERG nor SPINK1 appear to be useful biomarkers for prognostication of early stage prostate cancer PMID: 26172920
The majority of children with genetic predisposition to idiopathic acute and acute recurrent pancreatitis have the SPINK1 mutation. PMID: 25981744
Patients with SPINK1 N34S mutations were more likely to develop a Dilated duct, Calcifications, and Diabetes as Long-term Outcome of Endoscopic Treatments in Idiopathic Chronic Pancreatitis. PMID: 26632706
Evidence suggests that SPINK1 is an important growth factor that connects chronic inflammation and cancer. PMID: 25804623
Over-expression of FOXP1 and SPINK1 may participate in the carcinogenesis of hepatitis B virus related cirrhosis. PMID: 26054682
SPINK1 plays a role as a growth factor, signaling through the EGFR pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and neoplasms, and that the EGFR is involved in the malignant transformation of IPMN. PMID: 23475261
In Israel, pediatric as well as adult recurrent acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis are often associated with cationic trypsinogen, SPINK1, chymotrypsin C, or Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator mutations. PMID: 25383785
Mutation p.N34S in SPINK1 may predispose patients to acute pancreatitis, especially in those abusing alcohol, and may promote a more severe course of the disease. PMID: 26100556
This study shows that PRSS1, SPINK1 and CFTR mutations do not play a role in alcoholic and idiopathic chronic pancreatitis patients. PMID: 25835118
no mutation associated with pancreatitis PMID: 26376395
OPN, SPINK1, GPC3 and KNPA2 were significantly over-expressed in HCC tissues. These genes may be useful in developing future biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for HCC PMID: 25862856
SPINK1 promoter variants are likely to be associated with the risk of BPH. PMID: 26124326
These data highlight the importance of SPINK1/TATI as a tumor marker for HCV-induced HCC and may lead to a better understanding of HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID: 25531719
Our results suggest that SPINK1 protein expression may not be a predictor of recurrence or lethal prostate cancer amongst men treated by radical prostatectomy PMID: 24687926
One novel SPINK1 mutation was identified in Mexican patients with early onset idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis. PMID: 25206283
Results suggest that sequence evaluation of the SPINK1 promoter region in patients with chronic pancreatitis is justified as part of the etiological investigation. PMID: 25792561
ERG and TFF3 expression characterize 2 distinct subsets of prostate cancer, with a more aggressive subgroup of TFF3-expressing tumors that express SPINK1. PMID: 25639219
The p.N34S mutation in SPINK1 gene was found more frequently in patients with AP in the Indian population, irrespective of disease etiology and whether the disease was recurrent or not, and with earlier age of onset. PMID: 24844923
The SPINK1 mutation frequency was significantly decreased in patients with pancreatic cancer in comparison with patients with idiopathic pancreatitis but varied not significantly in comparison with healthy controls. PMID: 25003218
study found a significant association of SPINK1 (N34S) gene polymorphism with chronic pancreatitis PMID: 24616641
An association between strong claudin-5 expression and higher serum levels of TATI (p=0.04) and CA125 (p=0.008) were found PMID: 25667483
Over-expression of TATI predicts an unfavorable outcome in several cancers and serum TATI can be used to identify patients at increased risk of aggressive disease--{REVIEW} PMID: 24583226
Data indicate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)+/tumor-associated trypsinogen inhibitor (TATI)+ patients showed better survival. PMID: 24204699

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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