Recombinant Human Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit 1B (PPP1R1B) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit 1B (PPP1R1B) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-08686P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit 1B (PPP1R1B) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q9UD71
Target Symbol	PPP1R1B
Synonyms	DARPP 32; DARPP-32; Dopamine and cAMP regulated neuronal phosphoprotein 32; Dopamine and cAMP regulated neuronal phosphoprotein; Dopamine and cAMP regulated phosphoprotein; Dopamine and cAMP regulated phosphoprotein DARPP 32 ; Dopamine and cAMP regulated phosphoprotein DARPP32; Dopamine- and cAMP-regulated neuronal phosphoprotein; FLJ20940; IPPD; Neuronal phosphoprotein DARPP 32; PPP1R1B; PPR1B_HUMAN; Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B; Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B; Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	MLFRLSEHSSPEEEASPHQRASGEGHHLKSKRPNPCAYTPPSLKAVQRIAESHLQSISNLNENQASEEEDELGELRELGYPREEDEEEEEDDEEEEEEEDSQAEVLKVIRQSAGQKTTCGQGLEGPWERPPPLDESERDGGSEDQVEDPALSEPGEEPQRPSPSEPGT
Expression Range	1-168aa
Protein Length	Full Length of Isoform 2
Mol. Weight	45.7kDa
Research Area	Neuroscience
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Inhibitor of protein-phosphatase 1.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm.
Protein Families	Protein phosphatase inhibitor 1 family
Database References	HGNC: 9287 OMIM: 604399 KEGG: hsa:84152 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000254079 UniGene: PMID: 28867659 our results lend support for a potential role of DARPP-32 genetic variants in neural response to potential reward triggering cues PMID: 29048604 To facilitate live-cell identification, a human embryonic stem cell line was generated using CRISPR-mediated gene editing at the DARPP32 locus. PMID: 28065797 Study associates polymorphisms in DRD2, DARPP-32, and COMT genes with novel category learning performance. Modeling results suggest that striatal dopaminergic genes influence selective attention processes whereas cortical genes mediate the ability to update complex rule representations. PMID: 26918585 Results show that expression of human DARPP-32 protein isoforms depends on the striatal neurodevelopmental stage with t-DARPP being specific for the human adult striatum. PMID: 27475250 In vivo xenograft models demonstrated that overexpression of DARPP-32 promotes angiogenesis and tumour growth. PMID: 25779598 This study strongly suggests that inflammation-regulated DARPP-32 constitutes a key component of H. pylori-mediated gastric tumourigenesis. PMID: 27590997 This study did not find any statistical difference in the state-anxiety dimension for the rs12601930C/T, rs879606A/G, and rs3764352A/G genotypes, but statistical differences in the trait-anxiety dimension for the rs879606A/G (F = 5.207, P = 0.006) and rs3764352A/G (F = 3.960, P = 0.020) genotype. PMID: 27995567 DARPP-32 is mainly cleaved at Thr(153) by calpain and this cleavage of DARPP-32 reduces CREB phosphorylation via loss of its inhibitory function on PP1; results suggest a novel mechanism of DARPP-32-CREB signalling dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease PMID: 26178297 No significant differences in mRNA expression levels of DRD2 and DARPP-32 were found among controls, patients with psychotic disorder not otherwise specified, and schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder. PMID: 26561806 Striatal function was indexed by a gene coding for DARPP-32, which is densely expressed in the striatum where it is necessary for synaptic plasticity PMID: 26818509 Findings show that PPP1R1B-STARD3 fusion transcript has a key role in subsets of gastric cancers through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. PMID: 24276243 The results of this study found that the mean t-DARPP expression level in the caudate was higher in patients with schizophrenia than in control individuals. PMID: 24704945 Results suggest that variation in PPP1R1B affects the abundance of the splice variant t-DARPP-32 mRNA and may reflect potential molecular mechanisms implicated in schizophrenia and affective disorders PMID: 23295814 The immunostaining was more decreased for DARPP-32 than for the morphological changes of striatal neurons in multiple system atrophy. PMID: 23715974 This study showed that variations in genotypes relevant for DARPP-32 functions are associated more with aging-related impairments in the explicit than the implicit component of sequence learning. PMID: 24035787 density of DARPP-32-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the II and III layers of the RAIC was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the schizophrenia group compared with the healthy control group. PMID: 21821092 Bcl-2 and DARPP-32 have roles in regulating inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor phosphorylation and promoting cell survival PMID: 24395794 High DARPP32/STAT3, DARPP32/STAT5B, and STAT5B/STAT3 ratios were associated with longer patient progression free survival. PMID: 23250732 The present study provides novel evidence for an association between the DARPP-32 gene (SNP rs907094) and attentional control of auditory perception. PMID: 23639477 Findings show a novel mechanism by which DARPP-32 promotes cell invasion by regulating CXCR4-mediated activation of the MT1-MMP/MMP-2 pathway. PMID: 23160836 PPP1R1B rs12601930 was associated with projection and splitting. rs3764352 was associated with splitting. No significant association was found between rs879606 and defenses. PPP1R1B polymorphisms are involved in immature defenses. PMID: 23080070 Our findings support a role for the DRD2 and PPP1R1B genes in conferring risk for autism in families with only affected males and show an additive effect of these genes towards prediction of affected status in our families. PMID: 22559203 Our findings uncover a novel mechanism of TRAIL resistance mediated by DARPP-32, whereby it inhibits the intrinsic apoptosis pathway through upregulation of BCL-xL PMID: 22589394 DARPP32 has a role in pluripotent stem cell differentiation toward medium-sized spiny neurons PMID: 23250204 no significant association of BDNF or DARPP-32 polymorphisms with schizophrenia in Malays. PMID: 22576830 the decrease in DARPP-32 in schizophrenia was more marked in neurons of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex than in other cells or other brain regions PMID: 22179181 DARPP-32 increases interactions between epidermal growth factor receptor and ERBB3 to promote tumor resistance to gefitinib. PMID: 21741919 [review] Genetic polymorphisms modulating DARPP-32 mRNA expression and cognition in humans are associated with changes in activation in the entire striatum, and striatal connectivity with frontal cortex, without connection to any other brain region. PMID: 20631684 the DARPP-32-related pathogenesis in schizophrenia may be more severe in the superior temporal gyrus than previously found in the prefrontal cortex PMID: 21453742 Results suggest that polymorphisms in the DARPP-32 gene are involved in the biological mechanisms that confer the traits of novelty seeking and harm avoidance. PMID: 21369787 Findings demonstrate that t-DARPP regulates beta-catenin/TCF activity, thereby implicating a novel oncogenic signaling in upper gastrointestinal cancers. PMID: 21447180 our data suggest: (i) C14ORF28, GNB2L1, MLLT3, DRD2 and DARPP-32 are important in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder PMID: 20874815 Findings underscore the potential role of t-DARPP in regulating cell growth and proliferation through PI3 kinase-dependent mechanism. PMID: 20836878 This study did not find DAOA significant associations with schizophrenia. Thus, PPP1R1B genes do not fit the antagonistic pleiotropy PMID: 20483474 The composite expression score, calculated from immunostaining patterns, increased significantly from normal or gastritis to metaplasia, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma (P < .001). PMID: 20580047 DARPP-32 changes the usage of tra2-beta1 dependent alternative exons in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that the DARPP-32:tra2-beta1 interaction is a molecular link between signaling pathways and pre-mRNA processing. PMID: 20074680 t-Darpp and DARPP-32 expression are novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer. PMID: 19301121 DARPP 32 frequently are overexpressed in common subtypes of human adenocarcinomas suggest that these proteins may be important in tumorigenesis. PMID: 14508844 overexpression of DARPP-32 is associated with gastric cancer PMID: 14991576 DARPP-32 expression arises after a phase of dysplasia esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; tumours expressing DARPP-32 progress less rapidly than DARPP-32-negative tumours PMID: 15188007 multiple domains in I-1 target cellular PP1 complexes, and I-1 has a role as a cellular regulator of eIF2alpha phosphorylation PMID: 15345721 Expression of Darpp-32 is associated with a potent antiapoptotic advantage for cancer cells through a p53-independent mechanism that involves preservation of mitochondrial potential and increased Bcl2 levels. PMID: 16061638 Thus, DARPP-32 signaling downstream of DDR1 is a potential new target for effective anti-metastatic breast cancer therapy PMID: 17027969 Potential involvement of PPP1R1B in the etiology of nicotine dependence. PMID: 17171661 DARPP-32 plays a pivotal role in cognitive function and possibly in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. PMID: 17290303 The up-regulation of ZNRD1 significantly inhibited the drug sensitivity of gastric cancer cells over-expressing DARPP-32, indicating that ZNRD1 may be important in the DARPP-32-mediated MDR of gastric cancer PMID: 17492506 The present study suggests that DARPP-32 decreases in the DLPFC of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. PMID: 17521792 The results of this study do not preclude the possibility that the PPP1R1B is a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia in the Chinese population. PMID: 17618027 The decreased expression of DARPP-32 in oral premalignant and malignant lesions suggests a tumor suppressor role for this protein in the tumorigenesis of these lesions. PMID: 17695523

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

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