Recombinant Human Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type-4 (PADI4) Protein (His&Myc)

Name: Recombinant Human Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type-4 (PADI4) Protein (His&Myc)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-03696P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type-4 (PADI4) Protein (His&Myc) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 85% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q9UM07
Target Symbol	PADI4
Synonyms	EC 3.5.3.15; HL 60 PAD; HL-60 PAD; PAD 4; PAD; PADI 4; PADI 5; PADI H protein; Padi4; PADI4_HUMAN; PADI5; PDI 4; PDI 5; PDI4; PDI5; Peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV; Peptidyl arginine deiminase type V; Peptidylarginine deiminase IV; Protein arginine deiminase; Protein arginine deiminase type 4; Protein arginine deiminase type IV; Protein-arginine deiminase type IV; Protein-arginine deiminase type-4
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-10His&C-Myc
Target Protein Sequence	MAQGTLIRVTPEQPTHAVCVLGTLTQLDICSSAPEDCTSFSINASPGVVVDIAHGPPAKKKSTGSSTWPLDPGVEVTLTMKVASGSTGDQKVQISYYGPKTPPVKALLYLTGVEISLCADITRTGKVKPTRAVKDQRTWTWGPCGQGAILLVNCDRDNLESSAMDCEDDEVLDSEDLQDMSLMTLSTKTPKDFFTNHTLVLHVARSEMDKVRVFQATRGKLSSKCSVVLGPKWPSHYLMVPGGKHNMDFYVEALAFPDTDFPGLITLTISLLDTSNLELPEAVVFQDSVVFRVAPWIMTPNTQPPQEVYACSIFENEDFLKSVTTLAMKAKCKLTICPEEENMDDQWMQDEMEIGYIQAPHKTLPVVFDSPRNRGLKEFPIKRVMGPDFGYVTRGPQTGGISGLDSFGNLEVSPPVTVRGKEYPLGRILFGDSCYPSNDSRQMHQALQDFLSAQQVQAPVKLYSDWLSVGHVDEFLSFVPAPDRKGFRLLLASPRSCYKLFQEQQNEGHGEALLFEGIKKKKQQKIKNILSNKTLREHNSFVERCIDWNRELLKRELGLAESDIIDIPQLFKLKEFSKAEAFFPNMVNMLVLGKHLGIPKPFGPVINGRCCLEEKVCSLLEPLGLQCTFINDFFTYHIRHGEVHCGTNVRRKPFSFKWWNMVP
Expression Range	1-663aa
Protein Length	Full Length
Mol. Weight	81.1 kDa
Research Area	Epigenetics And Nuclear Signaling
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Catalyzes the citrullination/deimination of arginine residues of proteins such as histones, thereby playing a key role in histone code and regulation of stem cell maintenance. Citrullinates histone H1 at 'Arg-54' (to form H1R54ci), histone H3 at 'Arg-2', 'Arg-8', 'Arg-17' and/or 'Arg-26' (to form H3R2ci, H3R8ci, H3R17ci, H3R26ci, respectively) and histone H4 at 'Arg-3' (to form H4R3ci). Acts as a key regulator of stem cell maintenance by mediating citrullination of histone H1: citrullination of 'Arg-54' of histone H1 (H1R54ci) results in H1 displacement from chromatin and global chromatin decondensation, thereby promoting pluripotency and stem cell maintenance. Promotes profound chromatin decondensation during the innate immune response to infection in neutrophils by mediating formation of H1R54ci. Required for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation. Citrullination of histone H3 prevents their methylation by CARM1 and HRMT1L2/PRMT1 and represses transcription. Citrullinates EP300/P300 at 'Arg-2142', which favors its interaction with NCOA2/GRIP1.
Subcellular Location	Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasmic granule.
Protein Families	Protein arginine deiminase family
Database References	HGNC: 18368 OMIM: 180300 KEGG: hsa:23569 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000364597 UniGene: Hs.522969
Associated Diseases	Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Tissue Specificity	Expressed in eosinophils and neutrophils, not expressed in peripheral monocytes or lymphocytes.

Gene Functions References

Molecular interplay between the dimer interface and the substrate-binding site of human PAD4 has been reported. PMID: 28209966
PADI4 may be closely associated with hypoxiainduced autophagy, and the inhibition of hypoxiainduced autophagy by PADI4 knockdown may contribute to an increase in the apoptosis of RAFLS. PMID: 29393388
MiRNA-146a rs2910164 and IRAK1 rs3027898 polymorphisms were a risk factor for predisposition to Rheumatoid Arthritis in Egyptian Population in codominant and dominant tested inheritance models, while, the miRNA-499 rs3746444 and PADI4 rs1748033 polymorphisms were a risk factor in codominant and recessive one. PMID: 29734142
our meta-analysis demonstrated that the PADI4_94 polymorphisms might contribute to RA susceptibility especially in Asian populations but not in Caucasian populations. PMID: 29302826
Meta-analysis indicated a significantly increased association between PADI -104C/T polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Chinese and Japanese populations (which were the majority of included populations in the analysis). PMID: 29518108
PADI4 interacted with SYVN1 directly and that overexpression of PADI4 suppressed the ubiquitination of proteins. Thus, a reduction in ER stress induced by PADI4 may abrogate the initiation of chronic RA by suppressing the proliferative signals of RA synoviocytes. PMID: 29039504
mRNA expression of PADI2, PADI4 and Sp1 is upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis bone marrow CD34+ cells independently of the systemic inflammation or treatment regimen. PMID: 29148420
this study in a Southern Mexican population suggests that PADI4 individual polymorphisms and the related susceptibility haplotype (GTG) are also genetic risk markers for rheumatoid arthritis PMID: 28551357
The T allele of PADI4 rs2240340 is associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Asians. PMID: 28653215
PADI4 contributes to gastric tumorigenesis by upregulating CXCR2, KRT14 and TNF-alpha expression. PMID: 27556695
In this case-control study with sufficient sample size to detect associations, we observed that PADI4 SNPS rs11203367 and rs874881 do not significantly determine RA susceptibility PMID: 27182695
SNPs of PADI4 may be a risk factor for airway abnormalities in RA. PMID: 27372294
this meta-analysis suggested that PADI4 -92C/G polymorphism may be associated with the rheumatoid arthritis incidence in the Chinese population, especially for South China. Further studies conducted on other ethnic groups are required for definite conclusions. PMID: 28832760
PADI4 contributes to the pathogenesis of RA by protecting FLSs from apoptosis. PADI4 suppresses p21 transcription through altering histone H3 arginine modifications on p21 promoter region. PMID: 28367100
Proteolysis by granzyme B enhances presentation of autoantigenic PAD4 epitopes in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 27700100
No associations were found between clinical subtypes of JIA and PADI4 allele frequency. rs2240337 in the PADI4 gene was significantly associated with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody-positivity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. PMID: 28182665
The effect of the PADI4-104C/T polymorphism on RA risk in the Chinese population was evaluated in a meta-analysis. The overall analysis indicated a significant association between the PADI4-104C/T polymorphism and RA risk in the Chinese population (T vs C: OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.18-1.78; TT vs CC: OR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.24-1.80; TT vs CC+CT: OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.08-1.51; TT+CT vs CC: OR = 1.75, 95%CI = 1.30-2.37). PMID: 27706751
Overexpression of PAD4 constrains the activity of EMT via suppressing Elk1 expression. PMID: 27176594
Our study also demonstrated that PADI4 contributes to tumor metastasis by regulating the gene expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 1 (WIPF1). PMID: 26563365
PAD4 levels were significantly higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in patients with systemic lupus erythematosis or healthy controls. Anti-PAD4 antibodies were detected in 30% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but not in patients with SLE, systemic sclerosis or controls. PMID: 26415740
the PADI4_94 and PADI_104 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Asians and Caucasians, and the PADI4_92 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to RA in Asians, but not in Caucasians [meta-analysis] PMID: 26474773
This meta-analysis showed that the PADI4 -94G/A variants may influence RA risk in the Chinese population. PMID: 27051025
The results highlight an association between PAD4 and DNA hypermethylation in acute promyelocytic leukemia and demonstrate that targeting PAD4 or regulating its downstream effectors may be a promising strategy to control differentiation in the clinic. PMID: 26673819
Polymorphism in exon-4 of PADI4 gene showed significant association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)and polymorphism in exon-3 exhibited moderate association with RA. PMID: 22976394
PADI4 rs1748033 gene polymorphism increased the risk of RA in a sample of the Iranian population. PMID: 26546893
Silencing of PADI4 attenuates the TNF-alpha-induced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. PMID: 26082376
Data show that peptidylarginine deiminase type 4, mutated citrullinated vimentin and cyclic citrullinated peptides autoantibodies were detected in 24, 61 and 74% of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, respectively. PMID: 26149185
PAD4 activity was significantly higher in cell-free synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to osteoarthritis patients. PMID: 26245941
We found that heterozygote genotypes for PADI4_89 were protectively associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. PMID: 25205591
Data show that peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (PADI4) polymorphisms and a functional haplotype are associated with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 25562673
PAD-4 is inhibited by PTPN22. PMID: 26019128
PADI4-94G/A polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in the overall population and in the Asian population. PMID: 26043831
We propose that the influence of PADI4 on IL6ST transcription plays a role in the control of IL6ST expression during lineage differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. PMID: 24874575
The prevalence and extent of ILD was markedly higher among RA patients with anti-PAD3/4 cross-reactive antibodies, even after accounting for relevant confounders, particularly among ever smokers. PMID: 24901704
genetic variants in CDK6 and PADI4 were associated with anti-citrullinated cyclic peptide status in rheumatoid arthritis DRB1*04 negative patients PMID: 25138370
Data indicate an association between peptidylarginine deiminase PADI4 and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the multiethnic population from South East Asia. PMID: 23164236
rADI not only reduced NO production but also caused cellular toxicity in nNOS-activated SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting a dual role for rADI in NOS-mediated neurotoxicity. PMID: 25126568
PADI4 polymorphisms are risk factors contributed to rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility, especially for anti-CCP positive disease, and may confer higher risk of radiographic severity in Chinese Han population. PMID: 24564960
We found that PADI4 polymorphisms are associated with RA susceptibility, regardless of ACPA titers. PMID: 24454473
results suggest that the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB may play a role in the repression of PAD4 transcription during inflammation PMID: 24140127
anti-PAD4 autoantibodies (identified by their cross-reactivity with PAD3) markedly increase the catalytic efficiency of PAD4. PMID: 23698378
PADI4 risk allele and HLA-DRB1 shared epitope are independent genetic risks for radiographic progression in Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patients PMID: 23577190
Dysregulation of PAD4-mediated citrullination of nuclear GSK3beta activates TGF-beta signaling and induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. PMID: 23818587
Therefore, our data strongly suggest that the N-terminal Ca(2+) ions play critical roles in the full activation of the PAD4 enzyme. PMID: 23382808
Data indicate that the declined PADI4 mRNA was significantly associated with Line-1 demethylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. PMID: 22907585
Our results suggested that rs2240340 in PADI4 gene is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in Yunnan. PMID: 23450494
This meta-analysis suggests that PADI4 polymorphisms represent a significant risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis, especially in Asians. PMID: 22552437
The synovial expression of cyclic citrullinated peptide and the generation of anti-CCP antibodies are strongly associated with shared epitope alleles and/or certain PADI4 gene SNPs in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 22944128
The relationship between PADI4 and rheumatoid arthritis has been observed among Japanese. PMID: 23214088
No single point association between genotype and allele frequency was found for rheumatoid arthritis in Tunisia. PMID: 22459419

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