Recombinant Human Prostaglandin G/H Synthase 2 (PTGS2) Protein (His)

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLC-04424P
Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Based on the SEQUEST from database of E.coli host and target protein, the LC-MS/MS Analysis result of this product could indicate that this peptide derived from E.coli-expressed Homo sapiens (Human) PTGS2.
Based on the SEQUEST from database of E.coli host and target protein, the LC-MS/MS Analysis result of this product could indicate that this peptide derived from E.coli-expressed Homo sapiens (Human) PTGS2.
Based on the SEQUEST from database of E.coli host and target protein, the LC-MS/MS Analysis result of this product could indicate that this peptide derived from E.coli-expressed Homo sapiens (Human) PTGS2.
Based on the SEQUEST from database of E.coli host and target protein, the LC-MS/MS Analysis result of this product could indicate that this peptide derived from E.coli-expressed Homo sapiens (Human) PTGS2.

Recombinant Human Prostaglandin G/H Synthase 2 (PTGS2) Protein (His)

Beta LifeScience SKU/CAT #: BLC-04424P
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Product Overview

Description Recombinant Human Prostaglandin G/H Synthase 2 (PTGS2) Protein (His) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb P35354
Target Symbol PTGS2
Synonyms COX 2; COX-2; COX2; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase 2b; Cyclooxygenase; Cyclooxygenase-2; Cyclooxygenase2; EC 1.14.99.1; fj02a10; Glucocorticoid-regulated inflammatory cyclooxygenase; Glucocorticoid-regulated inflammatory Prostaglandin G/H synthase ; GRIPGHS; hCox 2; Macrophage activation-associated marker protein P71/73; OTTHUMP00000033524 ; PES-2; PGG/HS ; PGH synthase 2; PGH2_HUMAN; PGHS 2; PGHS-2; PGHS2; PHS 2; PHS II; PHS2; Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) ; Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2; Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2; Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 precursor ; Prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase ; Prostaglandin G/H synthase; Prostaglandin H2 synthase 2; prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) ; Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; PTGS2; ptgs2a; TIS10; TIS10 protein; unp1239; wu:fj02a10
Species Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System E.coli
Tag N-6His
Target Protein Sequence ANPCCSHPCQNRGVCMSVGFDQYKCDCTRTGFYGENCSTPEFLTRIKLFLKPTPNTVHYILTHFKGFWNVVNNIPFLRNAIMSYVLTSRSHLIDSPPTYNADYGYKSWEAFSNLSYYTRALPPVPDDCPTPLGVKGKKQLPDSNEIVEKLLLRRKFIPDPQGSNMMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTDHKRGPAFTNGLGHGVDLNHIYGETLARQRKLRLFKDGKMKYQIIDGEMYPPTVKDTQAEMIYPPQVPEHLRFAVGQEVFGLVPGLMMYATIWLREHNRVCDVLKQEHPEWGDEQLFQTSRLILIGETIKIVIEDYVQHLSGYHFKLKFDPELLFNKQFQYQNRIAAEFNTLYHWHPLLPDTFQIHDQKYNYQQFIYNNSILLEHGITQFVESFTRQIAGRVAGGRNVPPAVQKVSQASIDQSRQMKYQSFNEYRKRFMLKPYESFEELTGEKEMSAELEALYGDIDAVELYPALLVEKPRPDAIFGETMVEVGAPFSLKGLMGNVICSPAYWKPSTFGGEVGFQIINTASIQSLICNNVKGCPFTSFSVPDPELIKTVTINASSSRSGLDDINPTVLLKERS
Expression Range 18-601aa
Protein Length Partial
Mol. Weight 70.9kDa
Research Area Metabolism
Form Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage 1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate, with a particular role in the inflammatory response. The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates arachidonate (AA, C20:4(n-6)) to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide PGH2, the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes. This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons. Similarly catalyzes successive cyclooxygenation and peroxidation of dihomo-gamma-linoleate (DGLA, C20:3(n-6)) and eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) to corresponding PGH1 and PGH3, the precursors of 1- and 3-series prostaglandins. In an alternative pathway of prostanoid biosynthesis, converts 2-arachidonoyl lysophopholipids to prostanoid lysophopholipids, which are then hydrolyzed by intracellular phospholipases to release free prostanoids. Metabolizes 2-arachidonoyl glycerol yielding the glyceryl ester of PGH2, a process that can contribute to pain response. Generates lipid mediators from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a lipoxygenase-type mechanism. Oxygenates PUFAs to hydroperoxy compounds and then reduces them to corresponding alcohols. Plays a role in the generation of resolution phase interaction products (resolvins) during both sterile and infectious inflammation. Metabolizes docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6(n-3)) to 17R-HDHA, a precursor of the D-series resolvins (RvDs). As a component of the biosynthetic pathway of E-series resolvins (RvEs), converts eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) primarily to 18S-HEPE that is further metabolized by ALOX5 and LTA4H to generate 18S-RvE1 and 18S-RvE2. In vascular endothelial cells, converts docosapentaenoate (DPA, C22:5(n-3)) to 13R-HDPA, a precursor for 13-series resolvins (RvTs) shown to activate macrophage phagocytosis during bacterial infection. In activated leukocytes, contributes to oxygenation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) to diHETES (5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE). During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs) 15R-lipoxin A4 that regulates phagocytic microglia.
Subcellular Location Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Nucleus inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Nucleus outer membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.
Protein Families Prostaglandin G/H synthase family
Database References

HGNC: 9605

OMIM: 600262

KEGG: hsa:5743

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000356438

UniGene: PMID: 30365124

  • Authors showed that mRNA and protein levels of COX2 and HER2 were upregulated in CRC compared with the adjacent tissues. COX2 protein levels and nuclear COX2 expression were correlated with a poor prognosis of CRC patients. COX2 expression was positively associated with HER2 expression. PMID: 29873317
  • PTGS2 polymorphisms were associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients with HCV mono-Infection and HCV/HIV Co-Infection. PMID: 30139224
  • An unrecognized cellular interaction between follicular dendritic cells and B cells leading to COX-2 expression during immune inflammatory responses. PMID: 29241029
  • Neuronal SphK1 acetylates COX2 and contributes to pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease patients and in a transgenic mouse model. PMID: 29662056
  • miR-137 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of retinoblastoma cells by targeting COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway. PMID: 29945115
  • Dual governing of YAP and COX-2 may lead to the discovery of promising therapeutic strategies for HCC patients. PMID: 29505957
  • COX-2 expression was positively associated with the recurrence and a poor prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID: 29956730
  • COX-2 is an important factor for Dengue virus replication. PMID: 28317866
  • Lysophosphatidylcholine induces COX-2-mediated IL-6 expression. NADPH oxidase/Reactive Oxygen Species is involved in Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced COX-2 expression. PMID: 30229288
  • results support a critical role of ATF6alpha in the establishment and maintenance of cellular senescence in normal human fibroblasts via the up-regulation of a COX2/PGE2 intracrine pathway. PMID: 28803844
  • High PTGS2 expression is associated with Breast Carcinoma. PMID: 30051683
  • concluded that COX-2 gene rs5275 variant contributes to Nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk in a Chinese population PMID: 30087034
  • COX2 and YAP1 signaling pathways are connected with each other to induce SOX2 expression, cancer stem cell enrichment, and acquired resistance to chemotherapy in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. PMID: 29180467
  • No significant association between COX-2 8473 T > C polymorphism and cancer risk was detected. PMID: 30143023
  • The results revealed that TLR4 and COX-2 were upregulated in PCa tissues; silencing of TLR4 or COX-2 inhibited PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. PMID: 30098292
  • Results describe a novel role for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mediating the TGFbeta effects on breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) properties and imply that targeting the COX-2 pathway may prove useful for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer by eliminating BCSCs. PMID: 28054666
  • the effects of miR-101 inhibition on tumor growth were suppressed by COX-2 inhibition. PMID: 29404887
  • Low PTGS2 expression is associated with Invasive Breast Carcinoma. PMID: 28808873
  • rs2243250 (IL4) and rs5275 (PTGS2) were found to be significantly associated with shorter renal cell cancer-specific survival (CSS). PMID: 28117391
  • meta-analysis demonstrated that COX-2 rs5275 and rs689466 polymorphism significantly decrease the risk of lung cancer in Asians but not in Caucasians, indicating COX-2 could serve as a potential diagnostic marker for lung cancer PMID: 30170377
  • meta-analysis of association between 765G/C polymorphism and periodontitis in Chinese population PMID: 29514641
  • Through downregulation of COX-2 expression in SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells. PMID: 29901169
  • Patients with a high expression of COX-2 in baseline tumor biopsies had less response to treatment of pathology compared to patients with lower expression of COX-2 in baseline tumor biopsies. PMID: 29893307
  • Studied the association between integrin subunit alpha 2 (GPIa) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) genetic polymorphisms in Chinese ishemic stroke patients with or without aspirin resistance. PMID: 28948649
  • COX-2 was significantly associated with a lower 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate PMID: 29559247
  • The polymorphism in the COX2 gene is associated with increased susceptibility to colorectal cancer, specially rectosigmoid tumors PMID: 29257846
  • demonstrate the unregulated expression of ANXA1 and COX-2 in precursor lesions of esophageal and stomach cancers PMID: 29254791
  • The cytotoxicity induced by EB1 gene knockdown was due to the activation and generation of reactive oxygen species by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase..this signaling cascade, however not nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated signaling, induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, a key effector of apoptotic death. PMID: 29484424
  • High COX2 expression is associated with Ras and BRAF mutations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PMID: 28188432
  • High COX2 expression is associated with ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion. PMID: 28677781
  • hypothesize that lower transcript levels of PTGS2 in cumulus cells may be involved in the impairment of oocyte quality, suggesting a possible mechanism involved in disease-related infertility PMID: 28734688
  • Results suggest that a significant correlation exists in Japan between the COX-2 1195 G-carrier genotype and intestinal metaplasia in histological and endoscopic findings based on Kyoto classification in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. PMID: 28946145
  • activated Ras, protumorigenic COX-2 and Notch1 have roles in in papillary mucinous neoplasm onset PMID: 27381829
  • TGF-beta1 increased the COX-2 and PGE2 level of cultured pulp cells. The effect of TGF-beta1 on COX-2 protein expression was associated with ALK5/Smad2/3 and MEK/ERK pathways. PMID: 28779848
  • Culinary herbs and spices prevent the growth of HCA-7 colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cells and inhibit their COX-2 expression. PMID: 28934138
  • medical use of COX inhibitors in glioblastoma treatment has been limited due to their well-documented vascular toxicity and inconsistent outcomes from recent human studies. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has emerged as a principal mediator for COX-2 cascade-driven gliomagenesis PMID: 28718447
  • COX2 inversely regulated Notch1 in gastric cancer and partially depended on the Notch1 signalling pathway in altering the expression of Snail. PMID: 28586004
  • Based on the contribution maps from the three techniques, it can be concluded that both the benzenesulfonyl group and the central five-membered ring - having a high-electronegativity functional group or atom or having a substituent hydrogen bonding acceptor - contribute positively to the selective inhibition of COX-2 PMID: 27145042
  • Findings demonstrate that COX-2 and p-Akt1 play an important combined role during melanoma progression and are associated with highly metastatic tumors and survival rates in patients with MM. PMID: 28604419
  • Results suggest that higher COX-2 expression may be a negative prognostic factor in conjunctival melanoma. Further studies can address the potential use of anti-COX-2 drugs as adjuvant therapy of this disease. PMID: 29297092
  • activation of ERK1/2 signaling was required for hCG-induced up-regulation of SPRY2 expression. Further, SPRY2 knockdown attenuated the AREG-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production by inhibiting AREG-activated ERK1/2 signaling. PMID: 27539669
  • COX-2 was elevated in glioma tissues and its expression was negatively correlated with the levels of miR-128. These findings may establish miR-128 as a new potential target for the treatment of patients with gliomas. PMID: 29524580
  • Post-transcriptional regulation of COX-2 mRNAs translation by SGs indicates a role in IL-1beta-mediated catabolic response that could be therapeutically targeted in Osteoarthritis. PMID: 27271770
  • Results show that in influenza A viruses (IAV)-infected cells, COX-2 expression is regulated. While the protein is induced at early time of infection, via recognition of IAV vRNA by RIG-I, COX-2 expression is reduced again during on-going replication due to destabilization of its mRNA by IAV-induced TTP. PMID: 27265729
  • Our results highlight the role of COX-2 in constitutive IDO1 expression by human tumors and substantiate the use of COX-2 inhibitors to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, by reducing constitutive IDO1 expression, which contributes to the lack of T-cell infiltration in "cold" tumors, which fail to respond to immunotherapy PMID: 28765120
  • Chinese population with GG genotype of COX-2 gene polymorphism rs689466 have higher risk to develope post-traumatic osteomyelitis. PMID: 28682162
  • 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal is a natural inducer of COX-2 in atherosclerosis. (Review) PMID: 28192229
  • RhoA and COX-2 were upregulated in early gastric cancer tissues, which facilitated the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. PMID: 28624843
  • LXR gene expression was significantly increased in obese children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). The severity of OSAHS was positively correlated with COX-2 levels. PMID: 28676625
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