Recombinant Human Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 (CD274) Protein (hFc), Active

Name: Recombinant Human Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 (CD274) Protein (hFc), Active
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-05576P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Activity Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized PD-L1 at 2 μg/ml can bind Anti- PD-L1 mouse monoclonal antibody, the EC 50 of human PD-L1 protein is 1.252-1.653 ng/mL. Biological Activity Assay

The purity of CD274 was greater than 90% as determined by SEC-HPLC.

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 (CD274) Protein (hFc), Active is produced by our Mammalian cell expression system. This is a protein fragment.
Purity	Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE. Greater than 90% as determined by HPLC.
Endotoxin	Less than 1.0 EU/ug as determined by LAL method.
Activity	Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized PD-L1 at 2 μg/ml can bind Anti- PD-L1 mouse monoclonal antibody, the EC50 of human PD-L1 protein is 1.252-1.653 ng/mL.
Uniprotkb	Q9NZQ7
Target Symbol	CD274
Synonyms	B7 H; B7 H1; B7 homolog 1; B7-H1; B7H; B7H1; CD 274; CD274; CD274 antigen; CD274 molecule; MGC142294; MGC142296; OTTHUMP00000021029 ; PD L1; PD-L1; PD1L1_HUMAN; PDCD1 ligand 1; PDCD1L1; PDCD1LG1; PDL 1; PDL1; Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; Programmed death ligand 1; RGD1566211
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	Mammalian cell
Tag	C-hFc
Target Protein Sequence	FTVTVPKDLYVVEYGSNMTIECKFPVEKQLDLAALIVYWEMEDKNIIQFVHGEEDLKVQHSSYRQRARLLKDQLSLGNAALQITDVKLQDAGVYRCMISYGGADYKRITVKVNAPYNKINQRILVVDPVTSEHELTCQAEGYPKAEVIWTSSDHQVLSGKTTTTNSKREEKLFNVTSTLRINTTTNEIFYCTFRRLDPEENHTAELVIPELPLAHPPNER
Expression Range	19-238aa
Protein Length	Partial
Mol. Weight	52.7 kDa
Research Area	Cancer
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered PBS, 6% Trehalose, pH 7.4
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	Plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self. As a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1/PD-1, modulates the activation threshold of T-cells and limits T-cell effector response. Through a yet unknown activating receptor, may costimulate T-cell subsets that predominantly produce interleukin-10 (IL10).; The PDCD1-mediated inhibitory pathway is exploited by tumors to attenuate anti-tumor immunity and escape destruction by the immune system, thereby facilitating tumor survival. The interaction with PDCD1/PD-1 inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) effector function. The blockage of the PDCD1-mediated pathway results in the reversal of the exhausted T-cell phenotype and the normalization of the anti-tumor response, providing a rationale for cancer immunotherapy.
Subcellular Location	Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Early endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Recycling endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Isoform 1]: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.; [Isoform 2]: Endomembrane system; Single-pass type I membrane protein.
Protein Families	Immunoglobulin superfamily, BTN/MOG family
Database References	HGNC: 17635 OMIM: 605402 KEGG: hsa:29126 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000370989 UniGene: PMID: 29593314 hypothesized that an oncolytic poxvirus would attract T cells into the tumour, and induce PD-L1 expression in cancer and immune cells, leading to more susceptible targets for anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy PMID: 28345650 multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis identified ALCAM and PD-L1 (both P < 0.01) as potential independent risk factors for primary diffuse pleural mesotheliomas PMID: 28811252 miR-191-5p was identified to have negative correlation with PD-L1 expression and acted as an independent prognostic factor of OS in patients with colon adenocarcinoma. PMID: 30045644 our findings suggest a regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 through data analysis, in vitro and vivo experiments, which is an important factor of immune evasion in GC cells, and CXCL9/10/11-CXCR3 could regulate PD-L1 expression through STAT and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in GC cells. PMID: 29690901 CD163(+)CD204(+) Tumor-associated macrophages possibly play a key role in the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by T-cell regulation via IL-10 and PD-L1 production. PMID: 28496107 Results demonstrated that the expression of PDL1 in colorectal carcinoma tissue was significantly increased compared with the paracancerous tissue. Blocking PDL1 can inhibit tumor growth by activating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells involved in the immune response. PMID: 30272332 miR-574-3p was identified to potentially regulate PD-L1 expression in chordoma, which inversely correlated with PD-L1. Positive PD-L1 expression on tumor cells was associated with advanced stages and TILs infiltration, whereas decreased miR-574-3p level correlated with higher muscle invasion, more severe tumor necrosis and poor patient survival. PMID: 29051990 PD-L1 expression was detected in 69% of cases of primary melanoma of the vulva PMID: 28914674 PD-L1 tumor cell expression is strongly associated with increased HIF-2alpha expression and presence of dense lymphocytic infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PMID: 30144808 Different Signaling Pathways in Regulating PD-L1 Expression in EGFR Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma PMID: 30454551 PD-L1, Ki-67, and p53 staining individually had significant prognostic value for patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer PMID: 28782638 Challenging PD-L1 expressing cytotoxic T cells as a predictor for response to immunotherapy in melanoma PMID: 30050132 Our results confirm and extend prior studies of PD-L1 and provide new data of PD-L2 expression in lymphomas PMID: 29122656 Positive PD-L1 expression is indicative of worse clinical outcome in Xp11.2 renal cell carcinoma. PMID: 28522811 PD-L1 expression in cancer cells is upregulated in response to DNA double-strand break. PMID: 29170499 Targeting PD-L1 Protein is an efficient anti-cancer immunotherapy strategy. (Review) PMID: 30264678 Suggest that PD-L1 may play a relevant role in metastatic spread and may be a candidate prognostic biomarker in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 29742559 PD-L1 immunostaining scoring for non-small cell lung cancer based on immunosurveillance parameters. PMID: 29874226 SLC18A1 might complement other biomarkers currently under study in relation to programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 inhibition PMID: 30194079 Low PDL1 expression is associated with mammary and extra-mammary Paget disease. PMID: 29943071 Low PDL1 mRNA expression is associated with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. PMID: 29150702 we found that in advanced stage NSCLC patients who received nivolumab, the C allele of PD-L1 rs4143815 and the G allele of rs2282055 were significantly associated with better ORR and PFS. This is the first report that PD-L1 SNP, which was thought to increase PD-L1 expression, is associated with a response to nivolumab. PMID: 28332580 PD-L1 expression differs between the two components of lung ASCs. Given the complexity of lung ASCs, their treatment outcomes may be improved by administration of both EGFR TKIs and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in cases where EGFR mutations are present and PD-L1 is overexpressed. PMID: 28387300 IDO and B7-H1 expressions were observed in patients with pancreatic carcinoma tissues and are important markers for PC malignant progression PMID: 30029936 There was higher programmed cell death protein ligand-1(PD-L1) expression in post-treatment EBV DNA-positive patients. Post-treatment positive EBV DNA status maybe a useful biomarker of worse outcomes in early stage -stage extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma. PMID: 30116872 PD-L1 is a critical TTP-regulated factor that contributes to inhibiting antitumor immunity. PMID: 29936792 Structural and functional analyses unexpectedly reveal an N-terminal loop outside the IgV domain of PD-1. This loop is not involved in recognition of PD-L1 but dominates binding to nivolumab, whereas N-glycosylation is not involved in binding at all. PMID: 28165004 While mutational analysis appeared similar to that of older patients with OCSCC who lack a smoking history, a comparatively high degree of PD-L1 expression and PD-1/L1 concordance (P=0.001) was found among young female OCSCC patients. PMID: 28969885 PD-L1 expression is predictive of survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, irrespective of rituximab treatment. PMID: 29748856 PD-L1 expression was augmented on CD8+ T cells in BALF of a patient with smoldering adult T-cell lymphoma and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. This suggested that the PD-1-PD-L1 system may suppress not only antitumor immunity but also host defense against pathogens and thereby allow establishment of chronic HTLV-1 infection and immunodeficiency. PMID: 28967040 MUC1 drives PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer cells. PMID: 29263152 Positive PD-L1 expression was found in 36.8% of inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) samples but was not significantly associated with the clinicopathologic variables examined. Worse overall survival (OS) was significantly associated with positive PD-L1, negative estrogen receptor, and triple-negative status. The 5-year OS rate was 36.4% for patients with PD-L1-positive IBC and 47.3% for those with PD-L1-negative. PMID: 29425258 PD-L1 expression display a highly variable distribution in clear cell renal cell carcinomas and this particularity should be kept in mind when selecting the tumor samples to be tested for immunotherapy. PMID: 29661736 Report relatively low level PD-L1 positivity in treatment-naive acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma. PMID: 30257853 High PD-L1 expression is associated with pulmonary metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 29937180 these data suggest that DNA-damage signaling is insufficient for upregulating PD-L1 in normal human dermal fibroblasts PMID: 29859207 High CD274 expression is associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PMID: 28669079 This study provides important evidence of higher levels of agreement of PD-L1 expression in pulmonary metastasis compared with in multiple primary lung cancer, and high positivity of PD-L1 expression in pulmonary metastatic lesions with wild-type EGFR in an Asian population. PMID: 29254651 High PD-L1 expression is associated with Mycobacterium avium complex-induced lung disease. PMID: 28169347 PD-L1 expression in tumor-associated immune cells may be associated with a higher probability of clinical response to avelumab in metastatic breast cancer PMID: 29063313 The expression of PDL1 was significantly increased following treatment with gefitinib. PMID: 29901173 These results demonstrated that the IFNGinduced immunosuppressive properties of B7H1 in human BM and WJMSCs were mediated by STAT1 signaling, and not by PI3K/RACalpha serine/threonineprotein kinase signaling PMID: 29901104 PD-1/PD-L1 expression is a frequent occurrence in poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of the digestive system. PMID: 29037958 High CD274 expression is associated with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. PMID: 30275195 Studied expression levels of CD274 molecule (PD-L1) in thymic epithelial tumors. Found PD-L1 expression level correlated with the degree of TET malignancy. PMID: 29850538 Authors assessed PD-L1 expression in both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor specimens (complete histological sections, not tissue microarray). PMID: 28420659 We conclude that a subgroup of advanced disease ovarian cancer patients with high grade tumors, expressing PD-L1, may be prime candidates for immunotherapy targeting PD-1 signaling PMID: 29843813 PD-L1 expression is a prognostic factor related with poor survival among patients that developed non-small cell lung cancer. PMID: 29614306 The inhibition of PTEN also reduced the cancer effects of CD4+ T cells on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines following miR-142-5p downregulation. Therefore, our study demonstrated that miR-142-5p regulated CD4+ T cells in human NSCLC through PD-L1 expression via the PTEN pathway. PMID: 29767245

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.