Recombinant Human Probable Dna Dc->Du-Editing Enzyme Apobec-3C (APOBEC3C) Protein (GST)

Name: Recombinant Human Probable Dna Dc->Du-Editing Enzyme Apobec-3C (APOBEC3C) Protein (GST)
Brand: Beta LifeScience
SKU: BLC-03698P
Availability: InStock

Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.

Collections: All products, High-quality recombinant proteins, Other recombinant proteins

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Product Overview

Description	Recombinant Human Probable Dna Dc->Du-Editing Enzyme Apobec-3C (APOBEC3C) Protein (GST) is produced by our E.coli expression system. This is a full length protein.
Purity	Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Uniprotkb	Q9NRW3
Target Symbol	APOBEC3C
Synonyms	A3C; ABC3C_HUMAN; APOBEC1 like; APOBEC1-like; APOBEC1L; APOBEC3C; Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide like 3C; ARDC2; ARDC4; ARP5; bK150C2.3; DNA dC >dU editing enzyme APOBEC 3C; MGC19485; PBI; Phorbolin I; Phorbolin I protein; Probable DNA dC dU editing enzyme APOBEC 3C; Probable DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3C
Species	Homo sapiens (Human)
Expression System	E.coli
Tag	N-GST
Target Protein Sequence	MNPQIRNPMKAMYPGTFYFQFKNLWEANDRDETWLCFTVEGIKRRSVVSWKTGVFRNQVDSETHCHAERCFLSWFCDDILSPNTKYQVTWYTSWSPCPDCAGEVAEFLARHSNVNLTIFTARLYYFQYPCYQEGLRSLSQEGVAVEIMDYEDFKYCWENFVYNDNEPFKPWKGLKTNFRLLKRRLRESLQ
Expression Range	1-190aa
Protein Length	Full Length of BC011739
Mol. Weight	49.8kDa
Research Area	Epigenetics And Nuclear Signaling
Form	Liquid or Lyophilized powder
Buffer	Liquid form: default storage buffer is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 5%-50% glycerol. Lyophilized powder form: the buffer before lyophilization is Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose, pH 8.0.
Reconstitution	Briefly centrifuged the vial prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. It is recommended to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. The default final concentration of glycerol is 50%.
Storage	1. Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt, aliquoting is necessary for mutiple use. 2. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 3. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week. 4. In general, protein in liquid form is stable for up to 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Protein in lyophilized powder form is stable for up to 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Notes	Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.

Target Details

Target Function	DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single- or double-stranded RNA. Exhibits antiviral activity against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HHV-1) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through the process of active DNA demethylation.
Subcellular Location	Nucleus. Cytoplasm.
Protein Families	Cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family
Database References	HGNC: 17353 OMIM: 607750 KEGG: hsa:27350 STRING: 9606.ENSP00000355340 UniGene: PMID: 28637869 our results suggest that APOBEC3C is in fact involved in protecting hosts from lentiviruses. PMID: 27732658 Antiviral functions of APOBEC3C against HIV-1 and APOBEC3C binding capacity PMID: 28315663 These results suggest that functional potential of APOBEC3B and APOBEC3C involved in cancer mutagenesis is associated with estrogen receptor status. PMID: 26682542 High APOBEC3C is associated with the pathogenesis of primary effusion lymphoma. PMID: 25650088 Expression of APOBEC3A or 3C in 293FT cells reduced the infectivity of HPV16 pseudovirions. The reduced infectivity of virions assembled in the presence of APOBEC3A, but not 3C, was attributed to decreased copy number of the encapsidated reporter plasmid. PMID: 25576866 APOBEC3 deaminases upregulated by IFN-beta induce E2 hypermutation of HPV16 in cervical keratinocytes. PMID: 24227842 The mechanism of APOBEC3C (A3C)-mediated LINE-1 inhibition was found to be deaminase independent, required an intact dimerization site and the RNA-binding pocket mutation R122A abolished L1 restriction by A3C. PMID: 24101588 This study confirmed the association of the APOBEC3 deletion with breast cancer risk among women of European ancestry. PMID: 23715497 Decreases in APOBAC3A and APOBAC3C in the cortex of psychotic patients support the hypothesis that an epigenetic misregulation of gene expression may be operative in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders. PMID: 22948384 a high-resolution crystal structure of APOBEC3C with the HIV-1 viral infectivity factor (Vif)-interaction interface. PMID: 23001005 Findings suggest that APOBEC3-mediated editing of HIV-1 could be modulated by host and virus genetic characteristics in the context of pediatric infection. PMID: 22145963 The result suggest that Core-A3C may be a candidate as a novel antiviral agent against human HBV infection. PMID: 21746770 The authors identified a single cysteine at position 320 (C320) that disrupts A3DE activity. PMID: 21430060 Somatic hypermutation of human mitochondrial and nuclear DNA by APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases, a pathway for DNA catabolism. PMID: 21368204 The basic biology of the interactions between human APOBEC3 proteins and HIV-1 Vif, is reviewed. PMID: 20096141 different APOBEC3 family members function to neutralize specific lentiviruses PMID: 15466872 APOBEC3 proteins may help prevent the zoonotic infection of humans by simple retroviruses and provide a mechanism for how simple retroviruses can avoid inhibition by APOBEC3 family members. PMID: 15956565 evidence for a role of host-encoded APOBEC3 proteins in the regulation of L1 retrotransposition PMID: 16735504 reviews the current knowledge on the mechanism of APOBEC3-dependent retrovirus restriction and discuss whether this innate host-defense system actively contributes to HIV genetic variation PMID: 17078485 Differences in promiscuity of monocytes, macrophages, and DCs can be defined, at least partly, by disparities in APOBEC expression, with implications for enhancing cellular defenses against HIV-1. PMID: 17371941 The catalytic domain of APOBEC3 proteins may be important for proper folding and target factors such as RNA or protein interaction in addition to cytidine deamination. PMID: 17582006 These findings demonstrate that HBV is highly vulnerable to the editing activity of an endogenous human deaminase and suggest that A3C could contribute to innate anti-HBV host responses. PMID: 17625792 APOBEC3 suppresses HBV replication in hepatocytes by inhibiting hnRNP K-mediated transcription and expression of HBV genes as well as HBV core DNA synthesis. PMID: 17672864 study demonstrate that APOBEC3C is necessary and sufficient for G-to-A mutations in some HIV-1 strains PMID: 17967058 Stress causes APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, APOBEC3C, and APOBEC3F to colocalize efficiently with Vif(IIIB) and mRNA-PABP1 complexes in stress granules PMID: 17977970 Study compared the antiviral activities of human and murine Apobec3 (A3), and found that, HIV is able to resist human A3G but is sensitive to murine A3, whereas murine leukemia virus is relatively resistant to murine A3 but sensitive to human A3G. PMID: 18032489 Partially active Vif alleles resulting in incomplete neutralization of cytoplasmic APOBEC3 molecules are directly responsible for the generation of a highly diverse, yet G-to-A biased, proviral reservoir PMID: 18391217 Cul5-E3 ubiquitin ligase appears to be a common pathway hijacked by HIV-1 and SIV Vif to defeat APOBEC3 proteins. PMID: 18419775 These results indicate that APOBEC3G, APOBEC3C and APOBEC3H have the ability to edit HBV DNA and that each protein is likely to contribute to various degrees to the generation of modified genomes in human liver cells. PMID: 18420796 Human APOBEC3 proteins inhibit porcine endogenous retrovirus replication, which may reduce risk for infection of human cells as a consequence of pig-to-human xenotransplantation. PMID: 18555089 IAPE and HERV-K elements are restricted at the entry, amplification and integration into their target genomes by the host APOBEC3 proteins. PMID: 18702815 Distinct determinants in HIV-1 Vif and human APOBEC3 proteins are required for the suppression of diverse host anti-viral proteins. PMID: 19088851 Major cellular components of human BRB could be primary cultured in vitro and different expression of APOBEC3 in human blood-retinal barrier was examined. PMID: 19369234 APOBEC3 roles in limiting viruse pathogenicity by partially restricting infection PMID: 19390611 The structure of APOBEC3C (A3C), a single-domain A3 with strong antilentiviral activity, was modeled. PMID: 19581596

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Proteins are sensitive to heat, and freeze-drying can preserve the activity of the majority of proteins. It improves protein stability, extends storage time, and reduces shipping costs. However, freeze-drying can also lead to the loss of the active portion of the protein and cause aggregation and denaturation issues. Nonetheless, these adverse effects can be minimized by incorporating protective agents such as stabilizers, additives, and excipients, and by carefully controlling various lyophilization conditions.

Commonly used protectant include saccharides, polyols, polymers, surfactants, some proteins and amino acids etc. We usually add 8% (mass ratio by volume) of trehalose and mannitol as lyoprotectant. Trehalose can significantly prevent the alter of the protein secondary structure, the extension and aggregation of proteins during freeze-drying process; mannitol is also a universal applied protectant and fillers, which can reduce the aggregation of certain proteins after lyophilization.

Our protein products do not contain carrier protein or other additives (such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and sucrose, etc., and when lyophilized with the solution with the lowest salt content, they often cannot form A white grid structure, but a small amount of protein is deposited in the tube during the freeze-drying process, forming a thin or invisible transparent protein layer.

Reminder: Before opening the tube cap, we recommend that you quickly centrifuge for 20-30 seconds in a small centrifuge, so that the protein attached to the tube cap or the tube wall can be aggregated at the bottom of the tube. Our quality control procedures ensure that each tube contains the correct amount of protein, and although sometimes you can't see the protein powder, the amount of protein in the tube is still very precise.

To learn more about how to properly dissolve the lyophilized recombinant protein, please visit Lyophilization FAQs.